scholarly journals Social Determinants of Delayed Gratification Among American Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Delayed Gratification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Children

Background: A wide array of Socioeconomic Status (SES) indicators show differential effects for the members of diverse social groups. Researchers know a little about the ethnic variation and the effects of family income on delay discounting which is the predictor of risk behaviors. Objectives: This study examined the effect of family income and its differences on delayed gratification between Latino and non-Latino children. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, data came from wave one of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study which included 3903 non-Latino or Latino Black or White American children who are between 9 and 10 years old. The predictor was family income. Data were collected from 21 sites in the US, in 2018. The outcome was the children’s delay discounting. We measured delay discounting, which reflected individuals’ tendency to assign less value to remote outcomes and rewards (inversely correlated with delayed gratification). Data analysis was done by linear regression in SPSS V. 22. Results: According to our pooled sample regression, higher family income was associated with lower children delay discounting (Beta=-0.05, P=0.021). We found a significant interaction between family income and ethnicity, suggesting that the association between family income and delay discounting is stronger for Latino compared with non-Latino children (Beta=-0.09, P=0.043). Conclusion: Not all ethnic disparities are due to socioeconomic status gaps. Across diverse social groups, differential returns of socioeconomic status indicators, such as family income, also contribute to ethnic disparities in health.

scholarly journals Does physiological distribution of blood parameters in children depend on socioeconomic status? Results of a German cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Rieger ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Christoph Engel ◽  
Uta Ceglarek ◽  
Kristian Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectivesIn the present study, we examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and the physiological distribution of iron-related blood parameters.DesignThis is a cross-sectional analysis of longitudinal population-based cohort study.SettingBased on a sample of healthy participants from a German research centre, various blood parameters and values of clinical examinations and questionnaires were collected.ParticipantsA total of 1206 healthy volunteers aged 2.5 to 19 years, one child per family randomly selected, were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAssociations between the SES of children by Winkler-Stolzenberg Index (WSI) and its dimensions (income, education, occupation) and iron-related blood parameters (haemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin) were analysed by linear regression analyses. Gender and pubertal stage were included as covariables. Additionally, associations between SES of children by WSI and physical activity (side-to-side jumps, push-ups) as well as body mass index (BMI) were analysed by linear regression analyses.ResultsChildren with high WSI or family income showed significantly increased z-scores for haemoglobin (P=0.046; P<0.001). Children with increased WSI or family income showed significantly lower z-scores for transferrin (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between haemoglobin and gender (P<0.001) and between transferrin and pubertal stage (P=0.024). Furthermore, physical activity was positively correlated and BMI was negatively correlated with WSI (P<0.001).DiscussionOur data show an association between SES and the distribution of iron-dependent parameters. Lower SES is correlated with lower values for haemoglobin and higher values for transferrin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that physical activity and BMI are associated with SES. Whereas higher SES is correlated with higher values for physical activity and lower BMI. Our parameters are standardised as z-scores with the advantages that the results are comparable across different age groups and present physiological courses.Trial registration numberNCT02550236; Results.

scholarly journals Dental pain, socioeconomic status, and dental caries in young male adults from southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Dornelles Bastos ◽  
Lincon Hideo Nomura ◽  
Marco Aurélio Peres
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Prevalence

The aim of this study was to assess dental pain prevalence and its association with dental caries and socioeconomic status in 18-year-old males from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample (n = 414) selected from the Brazilian Army conscription list in 2003. Dental pain during the 12 months prior to the interview was recorded as the outcome. Socioeconomic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Dental caries experience was registered according to the DMFT Index. Analyses included simple and multiple non-conditional logistic regression following a hierarchical approach. Response rate was 95.6%. High rates of inter-examiner agreement were achieved (kappa > 0.83). Dental pain prevalence was 21.2% (95%CI: 17.3-25.1). After adjustment, individuals with one or more untreated caries were 3.2 times more likely (95%CI: 1.7-5.8) to have dental pain compared to caries-free subjects. Conscripts with low family income were 1.8 times more likely (95%CI: 1.0-3.3) to have dental pain than those with higher income.

scholarly journals PAAUGLIŲ DEPRESIJOS SIMPTOMŲ, SAVIVERTĖS, ŠEIMOS SOCIALINIO-EKONOMINIO STATUSO IR TĖVŲ AUKLĖJIMO STILIAUS SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Malinauskienė ◽  
Rita Žukauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Parent Child

Straipsnyje analizuojami depresijos simptomų, savivertės, tėvų auklėjimo stiliaus, šeimos socialinio-ekonominio statuso ryšiai. Tyrime dalyvavo 16–18 metų paaugliai (N = 300). Depresijos simptomams, savivertei ir tėvų auklėjimo stiliams nustatyti buvo naudojami YSR (Achenbach, 1991), RSE (Rosenberg, 1965) bei EMBU (Arrindell, 1999) klausimynai. Šeimos socialinis-ekonominis statusas buvo nustatomas pateikus tiriamiesiems anketą. Rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad merginos patiria daugiau depresijos simptomų ir turi menkesnę savivertę nei vaikinai ir tai su amžiumi nekinta. Paaiškėjo, kad abiejų lyčių paauglių depresijos simptomai ir savivertė yra tarpusavyje neigiamai susiję. Regresinės analizės rezultatai parodė, kad savivertė, tėvų atstūmimas tiek merginoms, tiek vaikinams reikšmingai prognozuoja depresijos simptomus. Perdėta globa prognozuoja depresijos simptomus tik merginoms. Joks šeimos socialinio-ekonominio statuso kintamasis paauglių depresijos simptomų neprognozuoja. Skirtumai tarp lyčių prognozuojant paauglių depresijos simptomus leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad egzistuoja etiologiniai merginų ir vaikinų depresijos simptomų skirtumai. LINKS BETWEEN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, SELF-ESTEEM, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND PARENTAL REARING AMONG ADOLESCENTSOksana Malinauskienė, Rita Žukauskienė SummaryTheories of parent child interactions suggest that parent-child transactional styles substantially influence children’s acquisition of appropriate social interaction skills, as well as impacting related adjustment outcomes. Early childhood experiences have frequently been suggested as causal factors in the development of psychopathological manifestations in adolescence. In particular, dysfunctional rearing practices appeared to be highly correlated with different types of psychopathology or psychological problems developed later in life, such as depressive symptoms and low self-esteem. Nevertheless, despite an increasing number of studies, the results were rather inconsistent and as not providing valid information on the relationships between depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, socioeconomic status and parental rearing practices among adolescents. There is still a lack of information about the role of parental rearing and socioeconomic status of the family in the development of emotional problems and self-esteem in children and adolescents.The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible relationships between depressive symptoms, self-esteem, socioeconomic status, parental rearing, gender and age. Convenient sample of adolescents (N = 300, from 16 to 18 years) was given a test measuring self-esteem, a test measuring depressive symptoms, and a test measuring parental rearing. The Lithuanian version of RSE (Rosenberg, 1965) has been used to assess self-esteem. The depression subscale of the Lithuanian version of YSR (Achenbach, 1991) has been used to assess depressive symptoms. Parental rearing (emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection) was assessed using the Lithuanian versijon of the EMBU (Arrindell, 1999; Arrindell et al., 1994). Three measures of socioeconomic status were used: mother’s education and father’s education, family income, and family structure (one or two parents).Depressive symptoms were found to be higher for girls than for boys, whereas self-esteem was found to be higher for boys than for girls. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower self-esteem, both for boys and girls. Multivariate regressional analysis indicated that depressive symptoms are significantly predicted by self-esteem for boys and girls, by parental rejection for boys and girls, and by parental overprotection only for girls. Depressive symptoms were not significantly predicted by any of the three socioeconomic status measures. In addition, self-esteem was significantly predicted by depression for boys and girls, by parental emotional warmth for boys and girls, and by parental overprotection and by familial income only for girls. The differences between the prediction of depressive symptoms and the prediction of self-esteem, which appeared negatively correlated, suggested etiological differences. The differences between gender, and the lower percent of explained variance by regression analysis for boys than for girls, suggested gender differences in etiology of depression and in etiology of self-esteem.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of family income-to-needs ratio with cortical and subcortical brain volume in adolescent boys and girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy S. King ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Ian H. Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

AbstractDeviations in neurodevelopment may underlie the association between lower childhood socioeconomic status and difficulties in cognitive and socioemotional domains. Most previous investigations of the association between childhood socioeconomic status and brain morphology have used cross-sectional designs with samples that span wide age ranges, occluding effects specific to adolescence. Sex differences in the association between childhood socioeconomic status and neurodevelopment may emerge or intensify during adolescence. We used tensor-based morphometry, a whole brain approach, to examine sex differences in the cross-sectional association between normative variation in family income-to-needs ratio (INR) and cortical and subcortical gray and white matter volume during early adolescence (ages 9-13 years, N=147), as well as in the longitudinal association between in INR and change in volume from early to later adolescence (ages 11-16 years, N=109). Biological sex interacted with INR to explain variation in volume in several areas cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Effects were primarily in cortical gray matter areas, including regions of the association cortex and sensorimotor processing areas. Effect sizes tended to be larger in boys than in girls. Biological sex may be an important variable to consider in analyses of the effects of family income on structural neurodevelopment during adolescence.HighlightsSex-specific associations of SES with neurodevelopment may emerge in adolescence.We used a whole-brain approach to examine gray and white matter volume.Sex interacted with SES to explain variation in volume across adolescence.Sex is an important variable to consider in analyses of SES and brain volume.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of undernutrition of preschool children attending anganwadis in rural ICDS block, North Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
S Nithiya
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Child growth and health is recognized as an important public health indicator for monitoring nutritional status and health in a population. 1. To study the socio demographic profile of the preschool children (3-6years) attending anganwadis in Kunnamangalam. 2. To study the association between socioeconomic status and undernutrition.A cross sectional study was done among 30 anganwadis from June 2014 to June 2015 by cluster sampling method. Data regarding socio demographic factors, prevalence of undernutrition were collected by using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Socio economic status of the study population was classified according to Modified Kuppu Swamy’s Scale. Education, Occupation and total monthly family income of the highest earning member was used for the stratification into various classes. Data analysed using SPSS version 16 software.Out of 300 children, 204 (68%) belonged to Upper lower strata, 74 (24.7%) were lower middle, 19 (6.3%) were upper middle and 3(1%) belonged to upper class. Prevalence of underweight children was significantly higher in children among those belonging to lower socioeconomic status. The study suggests to focus on preschool children for growth monitoring especially in low socioeconomic families, approaching them through the help of anganwadis, and educating mothers of low socioeconomic status on health on promoting program for underfives.

scholarly journals Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Children’s Amygdala Volume: Minorities’ Diminish Returns

NeuroSci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Amygdala Volume ◽  
American Children ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Family Ses ◽  
Black And Latino

Considerable research has suggested that low socioeconomic status (SES) negatively influences brain structure, including but not limited to decreased amygdala volume. Considering race and ethnicity as sociological rather than biological constructs, this study was built on minorities’ diminished returns (MDRs) to test if the effects of family SES on the total amygdala volume is weaker for black and Latino children than white and non-Latino children. We borrowed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a national multi-center brain imaging investigation of childhood brain development in the US. The total sample was 9380 9–10-year-old children. The independent variables were subjective family SES and parental education. The primary outcome was total amygdala volume. High subjective SES and parental education were independently associated with larger total amygdala size. The association between high subjective SES and larger total amygdala volume was less pronounced for black and Latino children than white and non-Latino children. For American children, family SES has unequal effects on amygdala size and function, a pattern that is consistent with MDRs. This result suggests that SES loses some of its expected effects for racial and ethnic minority families.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections among Young Population in Northeast Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vasconcelos Lyra da Silva ◽  
Gilberto Fontes ◽  
Célia Dias dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Vital dos Santos ◽  
Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Intestinal parasitic infections constitute a major public health problem that is frequently associated with poverty, inadequate sanitation, and the nutritional status of the population.Objective. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible association of parasitic infections, sanitary conditions, hygiene practices, and the nutritional and socioeconomic status of a poor youth population.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 367 children and adolescents inhabiting a substandard settlement in the urban area of Maceió (Alagoas State, Brazil). Data collection included socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, fecal sample examinations, and laboratory blood analysis. The identification of factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections was undertaken through bi- and multivariate analyses.Results. Stool sample analysis obtained from 300 individuals revealed that 204 (68%) were infected with at least one parasite species and of these 130 (63.7%) were polyparasitized. No significant associations were identified between low height for age (stunted), parasitic infections, and polyparasitism. There was also no association between family income and parasitosis. However, low socioeconomic status proved to be a potential risk factor for parasitic infections.Conclusion. Actions must be taken to improve sanitation, housing, and environmental conditions in order to eliminate the risk factors for parasitic infections, and thereby guarantee a better quality of life for this population.

scholarly journals Relationship between parents’ dietary care and food diversity among preschool children in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Midori Ishikawa ◽  
Kumi Eto ◽  
Mayu Haraikawa ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Tetsuji Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Diversity

Abstract Objective To identify the relationship between preschool children’s dietary diversity and parents’ care behaviors related to their diet including contents of foods and snacks, mealtime practice, and parent–child communication. Design Cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the National Nutrition Survey on Preschool Children in 2015 by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Setting The distribution of food diversity score (max of 8 points) was confirmed. The participants were divided into higher (≥4 points) and lower (≤3 points) food diversity groups. A comparison between the two groups examined parents’ socioeconomic status, children’s health and living conditions, and parental care concerning children’s diets (13 items). A multiple regression analysis was performed relating food diversity scores to the factors of parental socioeconomic status and child health, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors of parental care related to the higher food diversity group. Participants 2143 persons from households with children aged 2–6 years. Results Parental care concerning children’s diets was the factor most strongly associated with children’s food diversity scores. Those factors most strongly associated with higher food diversity were nutritional balance of foods (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44–2.16; p < .0001), snack contents (OR: 1.41; CI: 1.07–1.86; p = 0.014), and regular mealtimes (OR: 1.30; CI: 1.08–1.55; p = 0.005). Conclusions The findings indicate the importance of parents paying attention to the contents of children’s foods and snacks, ensuring that children eat regularly, and increasing the diversity of their diets.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and intentions towards nursing profession among Chinese high school graduates in central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Zhu ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Kenneth J. Gruber ◽  
Guangwu Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Central China ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and objective: Current nursing shortages and low willingness of young people to choose nursing as a career are of major concern in many countries. This study examined the knowledge, attitude and intention towards the nursing profession among high school graduates in China and factors associated with graduate’ intention to enroll in nursing program.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sampling. A total of 3764 high school graduates of selected schools in Central China participated in the study. Data were collected with online survey including demographics, knowledge of and attitude towards nursing and intention to choose nursing. Pearson’s correlations and Hierarchical regression analyses were performed.Results: Less than 10% of the participants expressed interest in a future career in nursing. Knowledge and attitude about nursing were positively associated with intention to study nursing. Both patents’ education, family income and attitude significantly predicted intention to study nursing in the hierarchy regression model (p < .001).Conclusions: Recruitment and retention strategies need to focus on addressing improving knowledge about the roles of nurse among high school students. Nursing administrators and educators should provide information about nursing profession on Websites and social media or programs for high school students with early clinical exposure to nursing to increase their knowledge and change their attitudes toward nursing.

scholarly journals Association between demographics, socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome in American adults: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Liyan Jiang ◽  
Mengru Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background Evidence regarding the association between demographics, socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome is limited. We aim to investigate whether demographics and socioeconomic status are correlated with metabolic syndrome using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey through 2013/2014 to 2015/2016.Methods A total of 4313 selected participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The independent variables were demographics (age, gender,and race/ethnicity) and socioeconomic status (the ratio of family income to poverty). The dependent variable was metabolic syndrome. The covariates included data release cycle, education level, marital status, dietary data, health insurance, average alcoholic drinks, current smoking, sedentary activity hours, physical activity minutes, and body mass index. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between demographics, socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome.Results In fully-adjusted models, we found that age was positively associated with metabolic syndrome (OR:1.05, 95%CI:1.04-1.05); compared with the male group, female was positively associated with metabolic syndrome in participants with body mass index under 25 kg/m 2 (OR:1.84, 95%CI:1.07-3.18) whereas it was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome in those with body mass index equal to or greater than 30 kg/m 2 (OR:0.62, 95%CI:0.48-0.81); compared with Mexican American, non-Hispanic Asian and other race/ethnicity were positively associated with metabolic syndrome in participants with body mass index under 25 kg/m 2 (OR: 7.30, 95%CI: 1.50-35.62 and OR: 6.09, 95%CI: 1.25-29.74, respectively) while non-Hispanic Black was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome in participants with body mass index equal to or greater than 25 kg/m 2 and less than 30 kg/m 2 (OR:0.58, 95%CI:0.36-0.92); there was no significant association between the ratio of family income to poverty and metabolic syndrome.Conclusions Among the population of nationally representative non-pregnant American adults, there is a correlation between demographics and metabolic syndrome whereas no correlation between socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome after multivariates adjustment. Healthcare interventions targeting those with metabolic syndrome including older individuals, obese males, along with females, non-Hispanic Asian and other race/ethnicity with BMI under 25 kg/m 2 are required to address these disparities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document