SCREENING OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA LINN. FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham S. Gawas ◽  
M.H.S. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata ◽  
Dunnett's Test

Bauhinia variegata named orchid tree, belongs to the family leguminosae. The methanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata (MEBV) revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Various CNS models were used to find out the antianxiety activity of Bauhinia variegata. The study was designed to evaluate the antianxiety activity of stem bark extract of Bauhinia variegata. The effect of dried stem bark of Bauhinia variegata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated using Elevated Plus Maze, Light and Dark Box, Restrained Stress Model and Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test using a wistar albino rats (n=6) and was statistically analyzed using ONE WAY Annova followed by Dunnett’s test. Oral administration of the methanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) showed significant increase in %OAE and %TSOA values for EPM, NEL and TSL values in Light and Dark Box, Restrained Stress Model showed  significant increase in %OAE and %TSOA and NEL and TSL values. Novelty suppressed feeding behaivior test showed significantly lower values for latency to feed.From the present study it may be concluded that among both the test groups, MEBV at a dose of 400 mg/kg was found to possess significant anti-anxiety activity. Keywords: EPM- Elevated Plus Maze, NEL- Number of Entries in Light, TSL- Time spent in light.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Maerua angolensis DC. Stem Bark Extract in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Charles Kwaku Benneh ◽  
Robert Peter Biney ◽  
Donatus Wewura Adongo ◽  
Priscilla Kolibea Mante ◽  
Felix Agyei Ampadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Traditional Remedy ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Introduction. The stem bark extract of Maerua angolensis DC. (Capparaceae) is used as a traditional remedy for management of anxiety, psychosis, and epilepsy. Aim of the Study. We therefore aimed at evaluating the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of the plant in mice models. Methods. The dried stem bark was extracted with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (50:50) mixture to obtain the extract, MAE. We employed Irwin’s test to identify the preliminary behavioral and autonomic effects. Subsequently, MAE was administered per os to male mice and subsequently assessed, 1 h later, for anxiety parameters in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the regular Suok tests. The forced swim (FST) and tail suspension (TST) tests were employed to assess the antidepressant potential of the extract (100-1000 mg kg−1). Results. In our preliminary assay, MAE (100-5000 mg/kg) exhibited analgesic effects and a reduction in fear response in the Irwin’s test. The spontaneous locomotor activity was reduced at 1000 mg/kg. Additionally, MAE (1000 mg/kg) increased the latency to PTZ-induced convulsions, and duration to sleep in the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time assay. MAE (1000 mg/kg), similar to diazepam, in the anxiolytic assay, increased the percentage time spent in the open arms while decreasing protected head dips and unprotected stretch attend postures in the EPM. Correspondingly, there was a reduction in anxiety-induced immobility and freezing in the Suok test (300 mg/kg) without loss of sensorimotor coordination. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in immobility duration in the FST (300 mg/kg) and TST (1000 mg/kg). Conclusion. The petroleum ether/ethyl acetate fractions of Maerua angolensis stem bark possess anxiolytic and acute antidepressant effects in mice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Andira inermis stem bark extract for hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects’

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Osaronowen Egua ◽  
Florence Chimezie Nwinyi ◽  
Ode Julius Okwoche ◽  
Onakpa Micheal Monday ◽  
Akande Motunrayo Ganiyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Abstract Background The aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis(A. inermis) stem bark was screened for phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, acute oral toxicity, and preliminary prophylactic normoglycaemic test and effect on Oral Glucose Tolerance in albino rats. Methods Andira inermis was double macerated and extracted with 80% methanol. Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity were performed using standard methods. The extract was screened for in vitro antioxidant activity using Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging spectrophotometric assays. Prophylactic control of glucose was evaluated in normoglycaemic and glucose-challenged albino rats. Graded test doses (100–400 mg/kg body weight) of the extract were used in the investigation. The effects observed were compared with that of glibenclamide (0.2 mg/kg) and distilled water control groups. Results The stem bark extract of A. inermis was found to contain saponins, terpenes, tannins, steroids, flavanoids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates and alkaloids. The extract was found to have a significant in vitro antioxidant activity in both methods. The oral acute toxicity study showed the extract had LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced blood glucose levels in normoglycaemic animal model (the control group seen to have − 5.6(− 8.7%) poor glucose handling; and the glibenclamide& extract treatment group (100 mg/kg) to positively reduce blood glucose 14.8(26.8%) & 16.4(25.9%) respectively). The glucose challenged test, from the 1st hour, showed − 57.4(− 89.4%),-26.8(− 33.8%),-23.8(− 26.3%),-12.8(− 13.9%) and − 9.8(− 10.4%) for the vehicle control, glibenclamide (positive control), and the 100, 200 & 400 mg/kg extract treatment groups respectively. The extract showed mild hypoglycemic effect in the results recorded, up to the 4th hour. Conclusion The results of this study elucidated that the aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis stem bark possessed potent antioxidant phyto-constituents with potential hypoglycaemic effects that could be explored for therapeutic use worldwide following isolation and characterization of the bioactive principles. And the results also authenticate the folklore use of the plant.

Phytochemical analyses, anxiolytic and anti-amnesic effect of methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana (sweet) in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
L.A. Akinpelu ◽  
M.A. Adebayo ◽  
A. Fajana ◽  
M.A. Adeniyi-Ake ◽  
S.E. Ubogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Amnesic Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Phenolic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Vitex Doniana ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Anxiety Index

This study investigated the oral acute toxicity (LD50), anxiolytic and anti-amnesic effects of the methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana (MSVD) in mice. The anxiolytic and anti-amnesic effects were assessed using standard protocols. The phytoconstituents in MSVD was quantified. The MSVD was further analysed using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Fourier Transform Infra red (FTIR) fingerprints. The LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg suggesting its safety. The MSVD (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the percentage open arm entry and duration on elevated plus maze as well as reduced the anxiety index as indexed from the open arm avoidance index indicating an anti-anxiety effect. Subsequently, MSVD significantly (p<0.05) increased the percentage alternation reduced by scopolamine consistent with anti-amnesic effect. The phytoconstituents estimation of MSVD showed abundance of flavonoids. The UV-VIS spectra corresponded to the presence of flavonoid, phenolic acid derivatives and terpenoids while the FTIR revealed the presence of amine, hydroxyl, alkane, carboxylic, amide, ether, aromatic and carbonyl functional groups among others in MSVD. This study therefore, concluded that flavonoids, either in synergy or additive with other phytocompounds in MSVB may be responsible for the observed anxiolytic and anti-amnesic effects elicited by MSVD in this study.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BERLINIA GRANDIFLORA HUTCH AND DALZ ON MARKER LIVER ENZYMES IN RATS TREATED WITH CCl4

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Martin Ntiamoah Donkor ◽  
Samuel Yawson Ayikanle ◽  
Samuel Adoesomdonkor
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The objective of this work was to validate the traditional claim of the use of the stem bark of Berlinia grandiflora in treating liver problems by investigating the effect of its ethanol stem bark extract on maker liver enzymes in vivo.Methods: Groups of Wistar albino rats (6 in each group) were daily treated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg b.w., diluted with olive oil 1:1 v/v, intravenously), followed by oral administration of ethanol stem bark extract of Berlinia grandiflora (ESBG) at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w. respectively, 3 h after the administration of the CCl4. Serum biochemical parameters were measured 24 h at the end of the 7-day treatment period and compared to a group intoxicated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg b.w., diluted with olive oil 1:1 v/v, intravenously) alone.Results: Treatment of rats with ESBG (at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w. orally) reduced the impact of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity on liver maker enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. showing a significant reduction (p<0.05) compared to the group intoxicated with CCl4. The extract reversed the impact of the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing the concentration of the serum Total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant increment (p<0.05) compared to the group intoxicated with the CCl4.Conclusion: The investigation of the effect of Berlinia grandiflora on CCl4 induced liver damage revealed that the ethanol extract of the stem bark of the plant was able to reverse the hepatotoxicity, with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant activity. 

scholarly journals Effect of carissa edulis (VAHL) apocynaceae stem bark on hematological parameters in ccl¬4 induced albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Izam ◽  
B. B. Bukar
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Hematological Effect

Aim/Objectives: There are claims that Carissa edulis has positive effects on hematological parameters. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and claimed hematological effect of Carissa edulis on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.Method: Thirty six male albino rats were randomly allotted to six groups of six rats per group. The animals were treated with (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg of the stem bark extract of Carissa edulis. The extract was administered daily by gavage to the animals for 28 consecutive days. The 50%v/v Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil was gavaged twice a week. The animals of the normal control group were given 5ml/kg of distilled water while those of the CCl4 group were administered CCl4 only twice a week.Result: Results of the study showed that the CCl4 group caused a significant decrease in most of the hematological parameters while the extract treated groups showed a significant increase in these parameters.Discussion / Conclusion: This suggests that the ethanolic stem bark extract has erythropoietic, thrombopoietic and positive effect on the immune system.   

scholarly journals Toxicological Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica on Testicular Oxidative Stress Markers and Histology of Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Elias Adikwu ◽  
Ben Ehigiator
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Impairment in testicular function can occur through perturbations in testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. Xylopia aethiopica (XE) is used to enhance fertility in males, but with information gap on its effect on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. The present study assessed the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Xylopia aethiopica (EEXA) on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology of male albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats (200g-250g) were randomly grouped into 4 (A-D) of 15 rats per group. The rats in the control group A (A1-A3) were administered per oral (p.o) with water (0.2 mL/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats in groups B (B1-B3), C(C1-C3) and D (D1-D3) were administered p.o with EEXA (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized at the termination of EEXA administration and were dissected and testes removed. The testes were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology. Testicular weights were decreased in a dose and-time dependent fashion in EEXA-treated rats. Significant decreases in testicular superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels in a dose and time-dependent fashion were observed in rats administered with EEXA. Testicular histology showed cellular necrosis, degeneration and loss of interstitial tissues in rats administered with EEXA. This study observed that EEXA perturbed testicular oxidative markers and histology. Its use may impair testicular function.

Toxicological studies of aqueous stem bark extract ofBoswellia dalzieliiin albino rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
EU Etuk ◽  
BM Agaie ◽  
PA Onyeyili ◽  
CU Ottah
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Effects of Detarium senegalense JF Gmelin aqueous stem bark extract on castor oil induced diarrhoea in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
F.S. Sanni ◽  
P.A. Onyeyili ◽  
H.G. Hamza ◽  
S Sanni ◽  
N.G. Enefe
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract
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