scholarly journals Development of an automated sampling and measurement equipment to determine the greenhouse gas methane on the waterair surface of urban canals

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Nhu Tran ◽  
Duc Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Huy Minh Do ◽  
An Quoc Trieu ◽  
Dat Hoang Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Measurement Equipment ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Methane Sensor ◽  
Automatic Sampling ◽  
Floating Chamber ◽  
Automated Sampling

Methane (CH4) emission from the aquatic environment is considered as one of the sources of greenhouse gas contributes significantly important to the global warming. For measuring continuously the methane emission from the water-atmospheric interface an automatic sampling and measurement system using floating chamber integrated methane sensor (Automated Floating Chamber integrated Methane Sensor - AFCMS) has been fabricated including the control and PIC datalogger boards with a lower cost than a commercial product. The floating chamber integrated a methane sensor (Panterra, Neodym Technologies, Canada) which works well not only on the quiet water surface but even on the oscillated one. The sensor (coded 1501-1) has a low LOD = 0.45 ppm and a good linearity (R2 = 0.9947) of methane concentration ranging from 2 to 30 ppm. AFCMS system shows a good performance of the equipment deployment for sampling and measuring the methane emissed from the urban canals.

scholarly journals Eddy covariance flux measurements confirm extreme CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from a Swiss hydropower reservoir and resolve their short-term variability

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2815-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Eugster ◽  
T. DelSontro ◽  
S. Sobek
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Floating Chamber ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

Abstract. Greenhouse gas budgets quantified via land-surface eddy covariance (EC) flux sites differ significantly from those obtained via inverse modeling. A possible reason for the discrepancy between methods may be our gap in quantitative knowledge of methane (CH4) fluxes. In this study we carried out EC flux measurements during two intensive campaigns in summer 2008 to quantify methane flux from a hydropower reservoir and link its temporal variability to environmental driving forces: water temperature and pressure changes (atmospheric and due to changes in lake level). Methane fluxes were extremely high and highly variable, but consistently showed gas efflux from the lake when the wind was approaching the EC sensors across the open water, as confirmed by floating chamber flux measurements. The average flux was 3.8 ± 0.4 μg C m−2 s−1 (mean ± SE) with a median of 1.4 μg C m−2 s−1, which is quite high even compared to tropical reservoirs. Floating chamber fluxes from four selected days confirmed such high fluxes with 7.4 ± 1.3 μg C m−2 s−1. Fluxes increased exponentially with increasing temperatures, but were decreasing exponentially with increasing atmospheric and/or lake level pressure. A multiple regression using lake surface temperatures (0.1 m depth), temperature at depth (10 m deep in front of the dam), atmospheric pressure, and lake level was able to explain 35.4% of the overall variance. This best fit included each variable averaged over a 9-h moving window, plus the respective short-term residuals thereof. We estimate that an annual average of 3% of the particulate organic matter (POM) input via the river is sufficient to sustain these large CH4 fluxes. To compensate the global warming potential associated with the CH4 effluxes from this hydropower reservoir a 1.3 to 3.7 times larger terrestrial area with net carbon dioxide uptake is needed if a European-scale compilation of grasslands, croplands and forests is taken as reference. This indicates the potential relevance of temperate reservoirs and lakes in local and regional greenhouse gas budgets.

Methanotroph-microalgae co-culture for greenhouse gas mitigation: Effect of initial biomass ratio and methane concentration

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 127418
Author(s):  
Patricia Ruiz-Ruiz ◽  
Tania L. Gómez-Borraz ◽  
Sergio Revah ◽  
Marcia Morales
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Biomass Ratio

scholarly journals Using the BFAST Algorithm and Multitemporal AIRS Data to Investigate Variation of Atmospheric Methane Concentration over Zoige Wetland of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3199
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Trend Component ◽  
Ch4 Concentration ◽  
Zoige Wetland ◽  
Air Temperature Anomalies

The monitoring of wetland methane (CH4) emission is essential in the context of global CH4 emission and climate change. The remotely sensed multitemporal Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CH4 data and the Breaks for Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) algorithm were used to detect atmospheric CH4 dynamics in the Zoige wetland, China between 2002 and 2018. The overall atmospheric CH4 concentration increased steadily with a rate of 5.7 ± 0.3 ppb/year. After decomposing the time-series of CH4 data using the BFAST algorithm, we found no anomalies in the seasonal and error components. The trend component increased with time, and a total of seven breaks were detected within four cells. Six were well-explained by the air temperature anomalies primarily, but one break was not. The effect of parameter h on decomposition outcomes was studied because it could influence the number of breaks in the trend component. As h increased, the number of breaks decreased. The interplays of the observations of interest, break numbers, and statistical significance should determine the h value.

Methane emissions from feedlot cattle in Australia and Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. McGinn ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
Z. Loh ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Humidity Index

Raising beef cattle in open feedlots is a well established practice in Canada and is gaining acceptance in Australia because it results in more consistent meat quality. These facilities are regional ‘hot spots’ of methane (CH4) emissions, resulting from the high stocking density and the large amount of fermentation occurring in the rumen (enteric CH4). Our objective was to compare CH4 emissions from a typical feedlot in Australia (Queensland) and in Canada (Alberta) and also to compare these against modelled emissions. Methane concentration and wind data were monitored over a portion of each feedlot and a dispersion model was used to calculate CH4 emissions during a summer period. The average CH4 emission was 166 ± 90 and 214 ± 61 g/animal.day for the feedlot in Queensland and in Alberta, respectively. The lower CH4 emission at the Queensland feedlot was attributed to the lighter weight of the cattle, and consequently their lower intake, and supplementation of the diet with lipids. The lipid effect on CH4 emissions is also speculated to cause some models to overestimate the measured CH4 emissions. A lower CH4 emission also occurred during daylight hours at the Queensland feedlot and was attributed in part to heat stress as defined by the temperature–humidity index.

scholarly journals Changes in the methane emissions and hard coal output in the Brzeszcze mine (the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Marcin Dreger
Keyword(s):  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Coal Deposit ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin

The paper presents the variability of methane emissions in mining excavations in the Brzeszcze mine (Poland) against the background of hard coal output, geological and mining factors. The geological structure of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) is very diverse. The Brzeszcze coal deposit is located close to the large and permeable Jawiszowice fault which increases the methane hazard during mining activities performed close to this fault. The overall decrease in hard coal output (1988–2018) has coincided with a rapid increase in methane emissions (1997–2018). Throughout the study period, hard coal output decreased threefold from 3.9 to 1.2 million Mg annually. Coal extraction in high methane content beds (e.g. 510, 405/1, 364, 352) increases the total methane (CH4) emission into mining excavations, aggravating the methane hazard due to the high explosiveness of the gas. To protect miners, coal workings need to be continuously ventilated, taking the harmful gas out of the mine (ventilation air methane emission) or methane needs to be captured by underground methane systems (degassing). Every year, over 34 million m3 of CH4 is captured by the drainage systems and over 70 million m3 CH4 (average) is discharged through ventilation shafts into the atmosphere. The presence of the large, permeable regional dislocation, the Jawiszowice fault zone, shaped the methane concentration in the fault vicinity, when the highest methane emissions during coal mining was studied.

scholarly journals Tests to Ensure the Minimum Methane Concentration for Gas Engines to Limit Atmospheric Emissions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Borowski ◽  
Piotr Życzkowski ◽  
Rafał Łuczak ◽  
Michał Karch ◽  
Jianwei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Methane Drainage

During the extraction of hard coal in Polish conditions, methane is emitted, which is referred to as mine gas. As a result of the desorption of methane, a greenhouse gas is released from coal seams. In order to reduce atmospheric emissions, methane from coal seams is captured by a methane drainage system. On the other hand, methane, which has been separated into underground mining excavations, is discharged into the atmosphere with a stream of ventilation air. For many years, Polish hard coal mines have been capturing methane to ensure the safety of the crew and the continuity of mining operations. As a greenhouse gas, methane has a significant potential, as it is more effective at absorbing and re-emitting radiation than carbon dioxide. The increase in the amount of methane in the atmosphere is a significant factor influencing global warming, however, it is not as strong as the increase in carbon dioxide. Therefore, in Polish mines, the methane-air mixture captured in the methane drainage system is not emitted to the atmosphere, but burned as fuel in systems, including cogeneration systems, to generate electricity, heat and cold. However, in order for such use to be possible, the methane-air mixture must meet appropriate quality and quantity requirements. The article presents an analysis of changes in selected parameters of the captured methane-air mixture from one of the hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. The paper analyses the changes in concentration and size of the captured methane stream through the methane capturing system. The gas captured by the methane drainage system, as an energy source, can be used in cogeneration, when the methane concentration is greater than 40%. Considering the variability of CH4 concentration in the captured mixture, it was also indicated which pure methane stream must be added to the gas mixture in order for this gas to be used as a fuel for gas engines. The balance of power of produced electric energy in gas engines is presented. Possible solutions ensuring constant concentration of the captured methane-air mixture are also presented.

scholarly journals Estimating CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and CO emissions from coal mining and industrial activities in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using an aircraft-based mass balance approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 12675-12695
Author(s):  
Alina Fiehn ◽  
Julian Kostinek ◽  
Maximilian Eckl ◽  
Theresa Klausner ◽  
Michał Gałkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin

Abstract. A severe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to reach the objectives of the Paris Agreement. The implementation and continuous evaluation of mitigation measures requires regular independent information on emissions of the two main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Our aim is to employ an observation-based method to determine regional-scale greenhouse gas emission estimates with high accuracy. We use aircraft- and ground-based in situ observations of CH4, CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), and wind speed from two research flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), Poland, in summer 2018. The flights were performed as a part of the Carbon Dioxide and Methane (CoMet) mission above this European CH4 emission hot-spot region. A kriging algorithm interpolates the observed concentrations between the downwind transects of the trace gas plume, and then the mass flux through this plane is calculated. Finally, statistic and systematic uncertainties are calculated from measurement uncertainties and through several sensitivity tests, respectively. For the two selected flights, the in-situ-derived annual CH4 emission estimates are 13.8±4.3 and 15.1±4.0 kg s−1, which are well within the range of emission inventories. The regional emission estimates of CO2, which were determined to be 1.21±0.75 and 1.12±0.38 t s−1, are in the lower range of emission inventories. CO mass balance emissions of 10.1±3.6 and 10.7±4.4 kg s−1 for the USCB are slightly higher than the emission inventory values. The CH4 emission estimate has a relative error of 26 %–31 %, the CO2 estimate of 37 %–62 %, and the CO estimate of 36 %–41 %. These errors mainly result from the uncertainty of atmospheric background mole fractions and the changing planetary boundary layer height during the morning flight. In the case of CO2, biospheric fluxes also add to the uncertainty and hamper the assessment of emission inventories. These emission estimates characterize the USCB and help to verify emission inventories and develop climate mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emission fluxes from peat bogs in the Arak Lake Basin in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022035
Author(s):  
Hang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Emission Fluxes

Abstract Climate change has an important impact on greenhouse gas emissions from wetland ecosystems. The static box-meteorological chromatography method was used to determine the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes of hummocky and hollow in the peat bogs in the Arak Lake Basin during the growing season in 2021. The results showed that the peaks of the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes in the growing seasons of the hummocky and hollow appeared in July, and their value in May is the lowest. The average C02 emission flux (376.39±56.14 mg-m-2-h-1) during the growing season of hummocky is higher than that of hollow (167.36 mg-m-2-h-1), while the average emission flux of CH4 during the growing season of hummocky (2.00±0.31 mg-m-2-h-1) is lower than that of hollow (3.04 mg-m-2-h-1). The climatic fluctuations have caused differences in the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes of the same micro-topography in the study area during the growing season between 2020 and 2021.

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