scholarly journals Analysing the effects of selected economic indicators on education and on the causality between education and economic growth of the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Ronaldo R. Cabauatan ◽  
Ronaldo A. Manalo ◽  
Chin Uy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gathering Data

The study estimates the impact of inflation, unemployment and population on the education in the Philippines. This study determines the causality between the education expenditure and GDP. This study used the structural stability test to examine the stability of the coefficients of the model between different time periods despite the economic environment in previous years. Findings show that education expenditure granger causes economic growth as what introduced by the endogenous growth theory which emphasized the importance of education on economic growth, in estimating education on the economic growth of the Philippines as education conduit for accumulation of human capital that will have an effect to economic growth. This shows the value of the educated labor force in the Philippine economy, even though the study encountered difficulty in gathering data, specifically for education expenditure as a consequence of limited data published by the government. Findings also show that population and unemployment are statistically significant on education expenditure while inflation is statistically insignificant. This suggests that high demand in education due to an increase in population and unemployment will increase the education expenditure.

scholarly journals Providing Income Tax Article 21 Tax Incentives during the Covid-19 Pandemic for the Stability of Economic Growth in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiolina Evi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Know How ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

This study discusses the policy analysis of providing Article 21 Income Tax incentives for taxpayers affected by the corona virus (covid-19) outbreak in order to maintain the stability of economic growth. The aim is to determine the effectiveness and influence of the provision of incentive policies by the government on economic conditions in society, especially in meeting household consumption needs. The problem raised in this study is the impact caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on employees who have been laid off, which the government then resolves by providing PPh 21 incentives with the aim of helping workers. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method. The purpose of this research is descriptive. Data collection techniques that have been collected, were analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The result of this research is to know the impact of government incentives for workers who have met the qualifications of the incentive recipients and to know how the scheme is in fulfilling this PPh 21 incentive.

scholarly journals Impact of Women Education on Economic Growth: An Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Kiran Zahra ◽  
Mudassar Yasin ◽  
Baserat Sultana ◽  
Zulqarnain Haider ◽  
Raheela Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Education is the most fundamental right in the current situation, and it is an essential element of economic growth. No country can achieve economic development and goals without investing in education. Pakistan’s economic development is possible when education is equal for both men and women, but the government did not give importance to the sector as it deserved. This study investigated the determinants of female higher education in Pakistan and the impact of women's education on the economic growth of Pakistan. This study utilized time-series data from 1991 to 2019. The autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model is applied to estimate the impact. The result shows that in Pakistan, education expenditure has no positive effect on female education. In contrast, a positive relationship between female higher education and GDP growth exists, but this relation is not strong in the short run and long run.

scholarly journals The Impact of Higher Education on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Paravee Maneejuk ◽  
Woraphon Yamaka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the nonlinear impacts of education, particularly higher education, on economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries (i.e., Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) over the period 2000–2018. The impacts of education on economic growth are assessed through various education indicators, consisting of public expenditure on tertiary education per student, enrolment rates of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, educated workforce, and the novel indicator of unemployment rates with advanced education. This study establishes nonlinear regression models—the time-series kink regression and the panel kink regression—to investigate the kink effects of education on the individual country’s economic growth and the ASEAN-5 region, respectively. There are three main findings. Firstly, the nonlinear effects of the government expenditure per tertiary student on economic growth are confirmed for the ASEAN-5 region. However, the impacts do not follow the law of diminishing returns. Secondly, our findings reveal that an increase in unemployment of advanced educated workers can positively or negatively impact economic growth, which requires an appropriate policy to handle the negative impacts. Lastly, secondary and higher education enrollment rates can contribute to the ASEAN-5’s economic growth (both the individual and regional levels). However, the regional analysis reveals that higher education impacts become twice as strong when the enrollment rates are greater than a certain level (a kink point). Therefore, we may conclude that secondary enrollment rates positively affect economic growth; however, higher education is the key to future growth and sustainability.

scholarly journals Does the Export of Agricultural Products Lead to Economic Growth in Cameroon?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Younchawou NGOUWOUO ◽  
Zenabou TOURERE ◽  
Samuel Honoré NTAVOUA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Moments Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generalized Moments

The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of agricultural exports such as coffee, cotton and cocoa on economic growth in Cameroon. The main results obtained by the Generalized Moments Method show that the impact of cocoa and coffee exports is negative and that of cotton on economic growth is positive. The export of cocoa, the exchange rate and the stability of agricultural exports are respectively significant. To this end, farmers should be encouraged to form more cooperatives in order to have easy access to finance which permit to increase their production, the government should fund research activities to improve the quality of agricultural products sold abroad in order to be more competitive and finally to promote the strategy of diversification of export products.

scholarly journals Domestic Debt and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An ARDL Bounds Test Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Ayuba K. Ibrahim ◽  
Shazida Mohd Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
Bounds Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Government Reforms

Abstract The study examines the long-run relationship between domestic debt and the fiscal policy of economic growth in Nigeria in the period from 1981 to 2013 owing to government reforms in the financial system, particularly due to the establishment of the Debt Management Office (DMO) in 2000 and a new fully funded pension fund scheme, both of which resulted in a resurgence of the debt market. The issue that is often raised is the doubt regarding the stability of the debt and its likely implications for the economy, as well as the unpleasant consequences for the government embarking on consolidation. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the bounds test as proposed by Narayan (2005), anchored on the perspective of the endogenous growth theory. The results reveal that although overall the adverse negative domestic debt hurts the economy, it has a positive effect on the total aggregate government revenue and economic growth in Nigeria in the research period. Furthermore, the paper develops a system to assess the speed of the adjustment mechanism coefficient in an error correction model (ECM).

Cuba's “Equity without Growth” Dilemma and the 2011 Lineamientos

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sectors

Abstract Cuba faces a development dilemma: it promotes equity and human capital while failing to deliver economic growth. For the government, the country's equity and human capital achievements are a source of pride, a sign that its priorities are right. This essay argues instead that this “equity without growth” dilemma is a sign of malaise. Theory and evidence suggest that high levels of equity and human capital should produce high levels of economic growth. Because growth is often weak or negative, some onerous barriers to development must be present. These barriers, it is argued, are restrictions on property and political rights. By comparing Cuba and China across two sectors, the bicycle industry and Internet access, this article shows how these restrictions have hindered growth. It also assesses how Cuba's latest economic reforms, the so-called Lineamientos, will address Cuba's development dilemma. The impact may be minimal, but perhaps more lasting than previous reforms.

Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Sergey BESPALYY
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.

scholarly journals Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Oyediran, Leye Sherifdeen ◽  
Sanni, Ibrahim ◽  
Adedoyin, Lukman ◽  
Oyewole Olabode Michael
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The need to better the lots of citizens through government expenditure has raised questions on the impact of government expenditure on the economic development and growth of nations. It is against this background that this paper examined the antecedent effect of government spending on the Nigerian economic growth. The general objective of the study is to ascertain the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria; specifically, the study examined: (i) the significance influence of government capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria and (ii) the significance influence of government recurrent expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis in estimating the specified model, with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable, while Capital Expenditure (CAPEXP) and Recurrent Expenditure (REXP) are the independent variables. Data between 1980 – 2013 were collected from secondary sources through the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Results showed that in Nigeria, there exist a significant relationship between the government expenditure and economic growth. The study therefore recommends instilling fiscal discipline in government expenditures, and putting in place structural mechanisms to act as surveillance on capital spending so as to boost the nation’s human and social capital.

Fiscal Deficit and Economic Growth in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebney Ayaj Rana ◽  
Abu N. M. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Budget Deficit

The economy of Bangladesh is currently going through a period of continuous budget deficit. The present data suggest that the government budget deficit, on average, is nearly 5% of the country’s GDP. This has been true since the early 2000s. To finance this deficit, governments have been borrowing largely from domestic and foreign sources resulting in inflationary pressure on one hand, and crowding out of private investments on the other. During the same period, although the economy has grown steadily at a rate of more than 6%, this growth is less than the potential. This article presents an econometric study of the impact of government budget deficits on the economic growth of Bangladesh. We conduct a time-series analysis using ordinary least squares estimation, vector error correction model, and granger causality test. The findings suggest that the government budget deficit has statistically significant negative impact on economic growth in Bangladesh. Policy implications of our findings include reestablishing the rule of law, political stability in the country, restructuring tax structure, closing tax loopholes, and harmonizing fiscal policy with monetary policy to attract additional domestic and foreign investment.

scholarly journals The impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Abubakar Aminu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria utilizing the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model of cointegration covering the period of 25 years from 1995 to 2019. The findings reveal that education tax and investment in human capital have positive and significant effect on the growth of the Nigerian economy over the sampled period. The paper recommends that in order to boost the economy, Nigeria would need to, among other policy frameworks, provide a suitable environment for ensuring macro-economic stability through effective utilization of income from education tax that will encourage increased investment in human capital in the public sector. In addition to income from education tax, for effective and speedy economic growth and development in Nigeria, the government, beneficiaries (students/parents), employers of labor and other stakeholders in the society should share the responsibility for financing primary, secondary and tertiary education, so as to provide a solid foundation for human capital development. However, as revealed in this paper, the contribution of education tax and investment in human capital is most likely to be realized over a long-run period than in the short term. Keywords: Education Tax; Investment; Human capital; Economic growth

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