scholarly journals Appraising and developing ST-X field determination of uncertainties by DST analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Hung Viet Vu ◽  
Lan Cao Mai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drilling Cost ◽  
Project Objectives ◽  
Flow Boundaries ◽  
The Impact

A subsurface uncertainties is a possible future event, which, if occurs, would affect project objectives either negatively or positively. For any given model or event, the uncertainty is the range of variation of the component parts and possible outcomes. It could be quantified approximately by either analytical model or in a more cumbersome one such as numerical approach. This paper summarizes thedetermination ofuncertainties by DST analysis in appraising and developing the ST-X gas condensate field, which is offshore Vietnam in Block 15-1O. Drill Stem Test (DST) results show that the S field has moderate to low permeability, multiple flow boundaries/barriers, and at least 2 PVT regions. To understand the impact of these and other important reservoir parameters on ultimate gas and condensate recovery and well count, the uncertainties has to be well evaluated and understood. The study demonstrates that there is a wide range of possible ultimate gas and condensate recoveries and well counts. The top causes for this wide range are permeability and flow boundaries/barriers. In addition to the subsurface risks, drilling cost of a ST-X well is very high. The high well cost in combination with the field being offshore, having low permeability and possibly numerous reservoir compartments dramatically increase the risk of a full field development.

scholarly journals On the appraisal and development of ST-X field: uncertainties and challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Hung Viet Vu ◽  
Lan Cao Mai
Keyword(s):  
Low Permeability ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Drill Stem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permeability Distribution ◽  
Drilling Cost ◽  
Flow Boundaries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

This paper summarizes theuncertainties and challenges in appraising and developing the ST-X gas condensate field, which is offshore Vietnam in Block 15-1. Drill Stem Test (DST) results show that the ST-X field has moderate to low permeability, multiple flow boundaries/barriers, and at least 2 PVT regions. To understand the impact of these and other important reservoir parameters on ultimate gas and condensate recovery and well count, a reservoir simulation study was performed. The study demonstrates that there is a wide range of possible ultimate gas and condensate recoveries and well counts. The top causes for this wide range are the heterogeneity in permeability distribution and flow boundaries/barriers. In addition to the subsurface risks, drilling cost of a ST-X well is very high. The high well cost in combination with the field being offshore, having low permeability and possibly numerous reservoir compartments dramatically increase the risk of a full field development.

scholarly journals Determination of sources of sulfur dioxide in confectionery

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
N. B. Kondratyev ◽  
E. V. Kazantsev ◽  
M. V. Osipov ◽  
O. S. Rudenko ◽  
E. N. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Methods

Sulfur dioxide is used to ensure the safety of fruit raw materials and semi-finished products used for the production of confectionery. This preservative has allergenic properties. In accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 022/2011 "Food products in terms of their labeling" the content of sulfur dioxide must be specified when labeling confectionery products, if its content exceeds 10 mg per kg. The definition of this preservative in raw materials, semi-finished products and confectionery in accordance with the current GOST 26811 “Confectionery. The iodometric method for determining the mass fraction of total sulfuric acid is often difficult because of the complexity of confectionery products, the formation of intensive staining of the solutions under study and the ability of sulfur dioxide to react with other components of the objects under study. Therefore, the task of developing methods with the optimization of the sample preparation stage of the samples under study, which allow one to fully determine sulfur dioxide in confectionery products, semi-finished products and raw materials, is relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for determining sulfur dioxide in raw materials, semi-finished products and various names of confectionery products, as well as assessing the impact of these types of raw materials and semi-finished products on the content of sulfur dioxide in confectionery products. The results showed that sulfur dioxide is present in many raw materials. In mg per 1 kg of sugar in white sand from 1 to 9, molasses from 25 to 52, wheat flour from 9 to 15, starch from 3 to 17. In fruit raw materials from 5 to 545 mg per kg. In confectionery: marshmallow and marshmallow from 8 to 29, gingerbread from 6 to 25, biscuits from 0 to 16, chocolate from 8 to 13. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the content of sulfur dioxide in raw materials and semi-finished confectionery products is a very wide range, which makes it necessary to control the quality of all raw materials entering the production. Sulfur dioxide, used as a preservative for fruit raw materials, can significantly increase the content of this allergen in confectionery made using such raw materials. Ensuring the level of sulfur dioxide less than 10 mg / kg is achieved using raw materials with low content of sulfur dioxide and technological methods.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Cutting Speed and Feed Rate on Forces in Turning of Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Kundrák ◽  
Gergely Szabó ◽  
Angelos P. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cutting Speeds

The impact of cutting speeds and feed rates on the components of the forces exerted on a 16MnCr5 steel workpiece is experimentally measured, when turning with PCBN tool. The cutting speed range of the tests varies between 90 to 240 m/min while the feed rate is between 0.05 and 0.25 mm/rev for each cutting speed, allowing for the determination of the influence of cutting conditions on forces. Additionally, finite elements models for the simulation of the aforementioned experiments are provided. The proposed models exhibit good correlation of their results on cutting forces and chip formation with the measurements and observations of the experiments. Furthermore, the models can provide a wide range of additional parameters, i.e. plastic strain rates and temperatures within the workpiece. Results of the presented analysis can be used for an efficient process planning for the turning of steels under cutting conditions used in the industry.

scholarly journals Impacto, em curto prazo, dos antibióticos amoxicilina e doxiciclina na qualidade microbiana de um Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo (Short-term impact of the antibiotics amoxicillin and doxycycline on the microbial quality of a Red-yellow Latosol)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Paulon Rezende ◽  
Márcia Matiko Kondo ◽  
Rogério Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Keywords Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

Concentrações residuais de antibióticos de uso compartilhado pela terapia médica humana e veterinária são cada vez mais frequentes nos mais variados tipos de matrizes ambientais; no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o impacto que esses fármacos podem acarretar aos microrganismos do solo. Sendo assim, perturbações relacionadas à exposição da microbiota de um latossolo vermelho-amarelo brasileiro a dois antibacterianos, a amoxicilina (AMOX) e a doxiciclina (DOX), foram investigadas por meio da determinação de atividade (mg CO2) e biomassa (Cmic) microbianas, juntamente com o quociente metabólico (qCO2), em amostras de solo que receberam as seguintes concentrações desses compostos: 0,03, 0,3, 3,0, 30 e 300 mg L-1. Os resultados mostraram diferentes efeitos sobre a microbiota e de forma específica para cada antibiótico. A AMOX mostrou-se mais impactante para os microrganismos do solo, com redução da biomassa e aumento do qCO2, enquanto que a DOX reduziu a atividade microbiana, mas sem efeito na biomassa e qCO2.A B S T R A C TThe residual concentrations of antibiotics used by human and veterinary medical therapy are increasingly common in a wide range of environmental matrices, nevertheless little is known about the impact of these drugs on to the soil microorganisms. Therefore, disturbances related to the exposure of the microbiota of a Brazilian Red-yellow Latosol to two antibacterials, amoxicillin (AMOX) and doxycycline (DOX), were investigated through the determination of the microbial activity (mg CO2) and biomass (Cmic), among with the metabolic quotient (qCO2), using soil samples spiked with: 0,03, 0,3, 3,0, 30 and 300 mg L-1 of each drug. The results showed different effects on the microbiota and in a specific way for each antibiotic. The AMOX showed higher impact impacting for the soil microorganisms, with reduction of the biomass and increase of the qCO2, whereas the DOX reduced the microbial activity, but showed no effect in the biomass and qCO2.Keywords: Antibiotics. Amoxicillin. Doxycycline. Bioindicators. Latosols.

Error Estimations in Digital Image Correlation Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 7-8 ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Siebert ◽  
Thomas Becker ◽  
Karsten Spiltthof ◽  
Isabell Neumann ◽  
Rene Krupka
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The reliability for each measurement technique depends on the knowledge of it’s uncertainty and the sources of errors of the results. Among the different techniques for optical measurement techniques for full field analysis of displacements and strains, digital image correlation (DIC) has been proven to be very flexible, robust and easy to use, covering a wide range of different applications. Nevertheless the measurement results are influenced by statistical and systematical errors. We discuss a 3D digital image correlation system which provides online error information and the propagation of errors through the calculation chain to the resulting contours, displacement and strains. Performance tests for studying the impact of calibration errors on the resulting data are shown for static and dynamic applications.

scholarly journals Cellular Automata-based computational library for development of digital material representation models of heterogenous microstructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Boguń ◽  
Mateusz Sitko ◽  
Mateusz Mojżeszko ◽  
Łukasz Madej
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Dynamic Link Library ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
C Programming Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Heterogeneous Microstructures

AbstractThe development of an efficient numerical approach for the generation of a wide range of heterogeneous microstructures models with the application of the lean workflow concept is presented in the paper. First, the idea and implementation details of the developed cellular automata-based computational library allowing the development of digital material representation models within a workflow are presented in the paper. Such an approach provides the desired flexibility in the generation of various digital models of heterogenous microstructures. Therefore, the proposed library is mostly implemented within the object-oriented C + + programming language with the assumption of modularity. In this case, the main part of the application consists of classes and methods, which can be treated like base elements to be inherited and extended in other libraries. Each additional dynamic link library implements particular algorithms for the generation of specific microstructure features in the digital model within the unified data structures that allow the application of the workflow concept. The set of developed libraries and their assumptions are described as case studies to show the capabilities of the presented solution. Finally, examples of practical applications of the developed library in the full-field numerical simulations of complex material deformation are presented at the end of the paper.

A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CONVECTIVE FLOW IN THE SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDEL ILLAH NABIL KORTI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Mushy Region ◽  
Convection Flow ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

There has been a growing research interest in the melting and solidification technology among mathematicians and engineers. The topic has obvious practical importance in a wide range of applications. Natural convection may play a significant role in heat transfer and hence affect the progress of the solidification. A fixed-grid finite volume numerical approach is developed and used to simulate physical details of convection flow in the solidification problems. This approach is based on the enthalpy–porosity method that is traditionally used to track the motion of the liquid–solid front and to obtain the temperature distribution and the velocity profiles in the liquid phase. The enthalpy–porosity model treats the mushy region as a porous medium. In this paper, the numerical and experimental studies of unsteady natural convection during solidification of cylindrical ingots are presented. The aim of the study consists of the numerical determination of the fluid flow, the temperature evolution, and the solidification front versus time. To validate the numerical model, an experimental study of the simple casting of cylindrical ingots was undertaken within the laboratory of metallurgy. The measured temperature was compared with values calculated numerically. A good agreement was obtained.

A modified approach for determination of nonlinear properties in seismic response analyses for 200 m high core rock-fill dams

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Li ◽  
Shichun Chi ◽  
Gao Lin ◽  
Hong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Rock Fill ◽  
Equivalent Linear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confining Pressures ◽  
The Impact

Equivalent linear analyses are widely used for estimation of site response and safety status of rock-fill dams subjected to strong earthquakes. However, the average normalized curves incorporated in the equivalent-linear iterative process cannot precisely depict the variations of dynamic parameters with shearing strain for one type of soil material under a wide range of confining pressures. Thus, a modified approach for the determination of nonlinear properties for soil elements confined under a broad range of effective pressures in site response analyses for high rock-fill dams (>200 m) is proposed. In this approach, the normalized confining-pressure-interpolating curves (CPI curves) of each soil element under different effective stress are obtained by linearly interpolating or extrapolating by its in situ stress. By comparing the results obtained by equivalent linear analyses incorporating the average curves and the CPI curves, respectively, the impact of utilizing the recommended curves when determining nonlinear soil properties on site response analyses of high rock-fill dams (>200 m) is discussed. It is shown that the refinement in the determination of nonlinear properties during site response can be utilized in the near future by incorporating the results of this study in practice.

Low Permeability Reservoir Water Displacing Oil and Water Flooding Characteristic Curve Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 4701-4704
Author(s):  
Chun Sen Zhao ◽  
Qing Lin Ren ◽  
Pei Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Recoverable Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The so-called water flooding characteristic curve refers to the oilfield water injection (or natural water drive) development process, a relationship between curve cumulative oil production, cumulative water production and accumulation of fluid production. These curves have been widely used for water injection development of dynamic and recoverable reserves forecast. After many years of practical application, summed up the four kinds of water drive characteristic curve, they have a good practical significance. Recoverable reserves are important indicators of field development is the main basis for planning and design, the application of waterflooding characteristic curve can be predicted oil recoverable reserves. Four water flooding characteristics discussed above curve is mainly applied in high-permeability oil field, which did not consider starting pressure, but should consider the impact of low permeability oilfield actuating pressure gradient on the moisture content.

scholarly journals Audit of Financial Reporting Documents: Analysis of Process of Determining Materiality

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gerda Jurkonienė ◽  
Justina Stašaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Materiality Thresholds ◽  
The Impact

During audit of the financial statements of companies, the auditors use a certain level of materiality to determine both the scope of the procedures and the impact of errors on the representation of the true and fair view of the financial statements. International auditing standards leave wide range of possibilities for interpretation of the materiality process, which often raises the question of how the auditor determines materiality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the materiality process and to create a model of the materiality determination process. Methods of information gathering, comparative analysis, critical evaluation, systematization and interpretation of scientific literature and normative acts of audit are used in this article. After analyzing the materiality determination process, it was found that the materiality process consists of four steps: assessment of determining factors of materiality thresholds, determination of planning materiality, determination of performance materiality and determination of clearly trivial misstatement. Based on the analyzed literature, a model of materiality determination process was developed.

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