scholarly journals Metaphors and cultural models

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Thu Thi Kieu Nguyen ◽  
Hien Thi Thu Bach
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

Conceptual metaphors have long been believed to be formed in human minds and yet grounded in physical and cultural experience. The article aims at elaborating on the cultural aspect of the issue by clarifying the role of cultural models. The culturally specific aspect of metaphors have shed light on the incongruence between sets of metaphorical expressions of different languages, hence different cultural models despite the common physical experience of human body. One illustration from Ning Yu’s study about the differences between Chinese ‘xin’ and its English counterparts ‘heart/ mind’ confirms the claim that ‘metaphors are grounded in bodily experience but shaped by cultural understanding’. Another illustration is an analysis of Vietnamese versus English metaphors of heart, which also leads to confirmation of cultural factors in the forming of conceptual metaphors.

scholarly journals Molecular Politics, Wearables, and the Aretaic Shift in Biopolitical Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Peter Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

Since the publication of Nikolas Rose’s ‘The Politics of Life Itself’ (2001) there has been vivid discussion about how biopolitical governance has changed over the last decades. This article uses what Rose terms ‘molecular politics’, a new socio-technical grip on the human body, as a contrasting background to ask anew his question ‘What, then, of biopolitics today?’ – albeit focusing not on advances in genetics, microbiology, and pharmaceutics, as he does, but on the rapid proliferation of wearables and other sensor-software gadgets. In both cases, new technologies providing information about the individual body are the common ground for governance and optimization, yet for the latter, the target is habits of moving, eating and drinking, sleeping, working and relaxing. The resulting profound differences are carved out along four lines: ‘somatic identities’ and a modified understanding of the body; the role of ‘expert knowledge’ compared to that of networks of peers and self-experimentation; the ‘types of intervention’ by which new technologies become effective in our everyday life; and the ‘post-discipline character’ of molecular biopolitics. It is argued that, taken together, these differences indicate a remarkable shift which could be termed aretaic: its focus is not ‘life itself’ but ‘life as it is lived’, and its modality are new everyday socio-technical entanglements and their more-than-human rationalities of (self-)governance.

scholarly journals Do You Read Me? Metaphor as a Pathway to the Conceptualisation of Literary Identity

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Vaeßen ◽  
Timo Lothmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
Text Content

Establishing coherent identity patterns for literary characters in novels is a difficult task. In this respect, we assume that readers rely on pre-stored cultural models in order to construct mental models of the text content, including character identity. By significantly extending the approach by Van Dijk and Kintsch and going beyond the related accounts of Schneider and of Culpeper, we aim to clarify the constitutive role of conceptual metaphor as proposed by Lakoff et al. in processes of literary identity construction. The analysis of a corpus of three contemporary novels supports our claim that conceptual metaphors and the mapping of domains involved interact with cultural models and connect text phenomena to such prior knowledge structures. On this basis, we provide an integrated model of literary identity construction which acknowledges the constitutive value of conceptual metaphors in literary identity construction.

scholarly journals “Encores me frissonne et tremble le coeur dedans sa capsule”: Rabelais’s Anatomy of Emotion and the Soul

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Lacore-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Philosophie Naturelle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

This article examines the role of anatomical references in the representation of emotion and argues that they constitute textual markers of the Rabelaisian view of the relationship between the body and the soul, and the nature of the soul itself. By analyzing the ancient models of natural philosophy and medicine on which Rabelais draws—Galen, in particular—and by contextualizing Rabelais’s thinking within contemporary debates on the faculties of the soul, the article aims to shed light on his representation of the intersection between material and immaterial processes within the human body. Instead of trying to reconcile potentially contradictory aspects of these ancient models with the Christian faith, Rabelais’s prose is informed by an intuitive understanding of ancient philosophy. His exploitation of the Galenic concept of the animal spirits gives us invaluable insights into the influence of materialist representations of the soul on Rabelais’s thinking. Cet article étudie le rôle des références anatomiques dans la représentation rabelaisienne de l’émotion et propose d’y voir les marqueurs textuels de la façon dont Rabelais conçoit les rapports entre l’âme et le corps, et la nature de l’âme elle-même. En analysant les modèles anciens de la philosophie naturelle et de la médecine — Galien en particulier — dont Rabelais s’inspire et en situant sa pensée dans le contexte des débats contemporains sur les facultés de l’âme, l’article vise à éclairer la façon dont Rabelais représente l’intersection à l’intérieur du corps humain des processus matériels et immatériels. Sans chercher à réconcilier avec la foi chrétienne certains aspects de ces anciens modèles qui peuvent être en contradiction avec elle, la prose rabelaisienne porte la marque d’une compréhension intuitive de la philosophie ancienne. En particulier, l’exploitation de la conception galénique des esprits animaux donne de précieux aperçus concernant l’influence des représentations matérialistes de l’âme sur la pensée de Rabelais.

scholarly journals A Cognitive Analysis of Head and Heart Metaphors in English and Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This study investigates the use and the conceptualization of head and heart metaphors in English and Spanish. It studies 57 heart and head English metaphorical expressions and their equivalents in Spanish. This study mainly aims at exploring the similarities and differences between the two languages with regard to the conceptual metaphors from which the metaphorical expressions are generated and the ways of conceptualizing these metaphorical expressions. The study also investigates the role of the human body-experiences in forming and conceptualizing these body-based metaphorical expressions. The results show that the conceptualization and the manifestation of the investigated metaphorical expressions differ in terms of the linguistic expressions used and the conceptual metaphors from which they generate. The results also show that despite the differences that occur, there is still a common way of conceptualizing the bodily-based human experiences through metaphor.

The Role of Sport Fan Curiosity: A New Conceptual Approach to the Understanding of Sport Fan Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Hee Park ◽  
Daniel Mahony ◽  
Yu Kyoum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Shed Light

Most literature on sport fan behaviors has focused on highly identified or loyal sport fans. While the literature has found that factors influencing current sport fans and their behaviors are related to, and based on, various psychological, social, and cultural factors, only a limited number of studies have investigated what factors initially attract individuals to consume sport. Curiosity has been found to be one of the crucial motivators that initially influence human exploratory behaviors in many domains. Using theories of curiosity, the present review aims to shed light on the role of curiosity in explaining various sport fan behaviors.

scholarly journals Realizations of Conceptual Metaphors of ANGER in Arabic, Russian and English: A Contrastive Corpus-Based Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Mervat Albufalasa ◽  
Yulia Vorobeva ◽  
Yulia Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Conceptual metaphors are often analyzed out of context. Nevertheless, the crucial role of context is evident as metaphors do not only transmit specific entailment of particular concepts, but they also reflect cultural and social characteristics. At the same time, one cannot deny that conceptualization is involved in the interpretation of various cultural models and conceptual metaphors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze conceptual metaphors of ANGER in Arabic, Russian and English. The current study employed a contrastive corpus-based approach to compare and contrast the conceptual metaphors of ANGER in the aforementioned languages. The outcomes of this research study contributed immensely to the existing literature on conceptual metaphors analysis as there are almost no previous researches done in the field comparing three languages belonging to different language groups. The study found that the Arabic language demonstrated the highest tendency towards conceptual metaphors formation out of the three languages. The study confirmed that cultural context played a significant role in the formation of conceptual metaphors, and it also proved that due to different cultural environments, some metaphors are unique by nature and can be present only in a particular language. It can be concluded that conceptual metaphors of ANGER are not a universal concept, and cultural norms and values make this concept non-identical in the aforementioned languages.

scholarly journals Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Sender ◽  
Shai Fuchs ◽  
Ron Milo
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Hematopoietic Lineage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

We critically revisit the ″common knowledge″ that bacteria outnumber human cells by a ratio of at least 10:1 in the human body. We found the total number of bacteria in the ″reference man″ to be 3.9·1013, with an uncertainty (SEM) of 25%, and a variation over the population (CV) of 52%. For human cells we identify the dominant role of the hematopoietic lineage to the total count of body cells (≈90%), and revise past estimates to reach a total of 3.0·1013human cells in the 70 kg ″reference man″ with 2% uncertainty and 14% CV. Our analysis updates the widely-cited 10:1 ratio, showing that the number of bacteria in our bodies is actually of the same order as the number of human cells. Indeed, the numbers are similar enough that each defecation event may flip the ratio to favor human cells over bacteria.

Outlawry but with teeth: The problem of enforcing peace through international institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-367
Author(s):  
PAOLO PALCHETTI
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Security System ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
The Common ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract:If the main merit of The Internationalists is to shed light, in a powerful and convincing way, on the transformative power of rules, the role of institutions – and in particular of the United Nations and its collective security system centred around the activity of the Security Council – does not come out of the book as clearly as it might. It is submitted that the decision to concentrate upon the rule – the prohibition to use force – while limiting the attention paid to the institution – the United Nations and its collective security system – is not without consequence, particularly given the strict link existing, in the common perception, between the rule and the institution. This brief comment will focus on certain ambivalences emerging from the book about the contribution of the United Nations, as a peace-enforcing organisation, to fostering the emergence of a New World Order, as well as its continuing relevance for preserving the effectiveness of the principle on non-use of force.

scholarly journals Role of Cadmium and Lead in Nephrotoxicity

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Hafiza Samar Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Nephrotoxicity stands amongst the most widely recognized kidney issues and happens when human body is presented to a medication or toxins that give harm to kidneys. At the point when kidney harm happens, patient cannot free his assortment of abundance urine, and squanders. It can be acute and chronic. Lead and cadmium are the two most commonly known nephrotoxic metals. People who work or live in such environmental settings which made them exposed to these toxins are at risk. Prolonged exposure to these metals leads to their accumulation in tissues especially kidneys. Proximal tubular dysfunction, hypertension, hyperuricemia and decreased glomerular filtration rate are the common effects of cadmium and lead nephrotoxicity respectively. Proper medication can reduce these dysfunctional ties but best treatment is to reduce exposure so one can avoid the accumulation of these toxins in kidneys and other tissues.

The Role of the Judiciary in Promoting the Right to a Clean Environment in Kuwait, Egypt and the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Ahmad S. Al-Otaibi ◽  
John H. Minan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law System ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The judiciary has a very significant role to play in safeguarding the environment and promoting the right to a clean environment. This study focuses on the role of the judiciary in promoting the right to a clean environment, and, in this regard, will examine the Kuwaiti and Egyptian experience, as both legal systems are among the civil law practice. In addition, it is of importance to expand the study to a different legal practice, such as the common law system. Therefore, this research will also shed light on the role of the judiciary in the United States of America to establish a comparison between three different legal systems. In the course of this study, constitutional, administrative, and other legal provisions will be examined. In addition, significant cases of concern will be provided and discussed in a descriptive, analytical, and critical manner.

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