scholarly journals SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) VAR. KM297

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Kien Van Vu ◽  
Sanh Du Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Immature Leaf

Somatic embryos of cassava var. KM297 received from pieces of in vitro immature leaf lobes or cotyledon of somatic embryos, were induced on the MS medium supplemented with 8mg/l picloram after 13 days inoculation in the dark condition. Different states of embryo were obtained after 10 days cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.01mg/l NAA, in the light condition. Role of endogenous AIA and Zeatin of the globular state of embryos was studied.

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical characterization of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Maria Daniela Artigas Ramirez ◽  
Rafael Fernandez Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryos

Background and Aims: Meliaceae species are extremely recalcitrant during germination and in vitro processes. Therefore, this research focuses on characterization and optimization of a highly efficient system by secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica, which is an important step for enhancing secondary metabolite production and regeneration in recalcitrant species.Material and Methods: Leaf and cotyledon sections were induced in MS medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone, or combined with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and, abscisic acid (BA) with thidiazuron (TDZ).Key results: Azadirachta indica developed primary somatic embryos with BAP. Shoot and root formation occurred at low concentrations of BAP, while somatic embryogenesis was favored under high levels of BAP or TDZ. Primary and secondary somatic embryos were evidenced continuously and asynchronously. The highest amount of somatic embryos was obtained with cytokinins. However, the concentration might be significant to differentiate between primary and secondary embryos. Moreover, the auxins are key for inducing histodifferentiation in embryos. Shoot induction occurred after transfer of the embryos to hormone-free MS medium. The shoots were rooted in MS1/2.Conclusions: The secondary somatic embryos were distinguished and characterized during the whole process and the efficient system was established with cotyledon sections at short term, which offers several advantages such as the production of metabolites.

scholarly journals Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
FITRIA ARDIYANI ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
HERY PURNOBASUKI ◽  
SENJA APRILIA PARAMITA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Coffea Liberica

Abstract. Ardiyani F, Utami ESW, Purnobasuki H, Paramita SA. 2020. Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica. Biodiversitas 21: 5829-5834. Coffea liberica is an important and potentially commercial plant with a high economic value from the Coffea genus. Therefore, the availability of planting material is needed to increase productivity and ensure the sustainability of its farming. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful propagation method used to produce clonal plants from limited genetic material. In the present research, we have shown that C. liberica could be successfully regenerated in vitro via somatic embryogenesis from leaves derived embryogenic callus. These calli were cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium added with 1 mgL-1 BAP or in combination with 2.4 D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mgL-1) for embryo development induction. Furthermore, the medium containing only BAP was best for embryo development induction after culturing for 12 weeks, with the highest number of cotyledonary stage embryos (17.8%) and producing a total of embryo (20.2). Following cotyledonary stage embryo were cultured on new MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP, 0.5 mgL-1 IAA, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA only, and 0.5 mgL-1 BAP in combination with 0.5 mgL-1 IAA or 0.5 mgL-1 NAA. Interestingly, the results showed that cotyledonary stage embryos were converted into complete plants at all treatment, but the MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP was found to be the most effective in promoting regeneration with 2.6 leaves per-plantlet and height of 5.2 mm. Based morphological analysis confirm that the development of somatic embryo from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica started with the formation of embryo globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledonary stages, and finally conversion of cotyledonary embryo into complete plant.

scholarly journals Robust in vitro propagation and regeneration of ubi kuning high beta carotene cassava genotype through somatic embryogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
SUPATMI SUPATMI ◽  
HANI FITRIANI ◽  
NURHAMIDARR RAHMAN ◽  
N. SRI HARTATI ◽  
ENNY SUDARMONOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
High Beta

Supatmi, Fitriani H, Rahman N, Hartati NS, Sudarmonowati E. 2017. Robust in vitro propagation and regeneration of ubi kuning high beta carotene cassava genotype through somatic embryogenesis. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 352-360. Ubi kuning is a local genotype of cassava with high beta carotene content but the development of this genotype is still low because of plant disease susceptibility. Objectives of this study were to robust induce and regenerate somatic embryos of ubi kuning in vitro as well as to define a protocol of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of ubi kuning. Different size of leaf lobes, various concentration of picloram and different light conditions were tested to produce an effective and efficient somatic embryos (SEs).The best response of the induction of embryogenic callus was observed in leaf lobes explant with range size of 1-3 mm and >5mm cultured on induction medium (MS + 4% sucrose + 4 μM CuSO4 + 0.1 mM Glutamine + 0.8% Microagar) supplemented with either 10 or 18 mg/L picloram grown under dark light for 4 weeks. Retransferring embryogenic callus to the same medium supplemented with 16 mg/L picloram gave the advanced development of primary somatic embryos (PSEs) after 70 d grown under both dark and light condition treatments. A positive correlation between globular and cotyledon stages was obtained in all treatments (P≤ 0.01). The highest shoot and root growth (30% and 25%) was achieved in the regeneration of cotyledonary like-tissues cultured on callus embryogenic media (CEM) (MS basal+ 2.5 μM CuSO4 + 3% sucrose + 2.75 g/L phytagel) supplemented with 1.6 mg/L of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine).

scholarly journals Optimization of Somatic Embryogenesis Induction of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Idha Susanti ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Utut Widyastuti ◽  
Ulfah Juniarti Siregar ◽  
Aris Tjahjoleksono
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Different Response

The embryogenesis (SE) has important role for genetic engineering of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). However, the success of SE induction depend on plant growth regulator s (PGR)s and treatment enriched in induction media.  This experiment tried to induce callus formation of cassava from several in vitro explants: immature leaf, apical bud, and internode; and to develop somatic embryogenesis of cassava in several media enriched with tyrosine and copper sulphate (CuSO4) added into media enrich with picloram as treatment.  Different response of explants source to callus induction treatment from those three varieties in callus induction as well as friable callus formation were found in this experiment. The best medium to induce varied with variety; MS media supplemented 12 mg/L picloram + 0.5 mg/L CuSO4 was the best for “Adira 4” and  half MS and half GD media supplemented 12 mg/L picloram + 100 mg/L tyrosine for “Malang 6”.  All treatments resulted somatic embryo which developed indirectly and in morphologically normal somatic embryos

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghan Singh Maloth ◽  
Rajinikanth Marka ◽  
Rama Swamy Nanna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18)  along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted  on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from Hoan ngoc(Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Ness) Radlk) leaf callus

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Nhung Thi Tuyet Tran ◽  
Hoang Ngo Phan ◽  
Sanh Du Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endogenous Plant

Pseuderanthemum palatiferum contains many compounds which have pharmaceutical and medicinal values. In this study, the in vitro somatic embryogenesis of callus formed from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum’s leaves was performed and analyzed. The calli were induced in three weeks in MS medium with 1 mg.l-1 or 2 mg.l-1 of 2,4-D. The somatic embryos were developed as follows: the globular embryos formed after 9 days, the heart embryos formed after 13 days, the torpedo embryos formed after 15 days and the cotyledonary embryos formed after 17 days. The mean number of obtained embryos was 28.5 embryos/cm2 of leaf tissue. The intensity of respiration and biological activity of endogenous plant growth regulators of leaf tissue during culture were recorded.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe oleracea Mart.

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana da Silva Ledo ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira ◽  
Abdellatif Kemaleddine Benbadis ◽  
Ilmarina Campos de Menezes ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Vegetable Material ◽  
Morphogenetic Responses ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM) and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM) and 2iP (12.30 muM). The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.

scholarly journals (291) Plant Regeneration through Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Homalomena `Emerald Gem'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078A-1078
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium

Homalomena `Emerald Gem' is an important ornamental foliage plant and widely used for interior plantscaping. Current propagation of this cultivar has been primarily carried out through in vitro culture by organogenesis; regeneration through somatic embryogenesis has not been documented. This report describes successful plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of different organs. Somatic embryos formed at and around the cut surface of petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants. Embryos also appeared at the base between expanded ovaries of the spadix segment, and around midrib of leaf explants. The optimal treatments for somatic embryo occurrence from petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants were MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA or 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D with 2.0 mg/L CPPU, and for spadix explants were MS medium with 0.5 mg/L PAA and 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Somatic embryos appeared 6 to 8 weeks after culture and formed large embryo clumps in 3 to 4 months. Somatic embryos produced more secondary embryos and geminated on induction medium. Multiple shoot development and plant regeneration occurred from somatic embryo clusters on MS medium without hormone or with 2 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA. The regenerated plants grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

scholarly journals THIDIAZURON: A POTENT GROWTH REGULATOR FOR INDUCING HIGH-FREQUENCY ORGANOGENESIS AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 693a-693
Author(s):  
K.A. Malik ◽  
Christena Visser ◽  
praveen K. saxena
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormones ◽  
Potent Growth

In vitro regeneration by shoot organogenesis and-or somatic embryogenesis is accomplished by culturing the explants on a nutrient medium supplemented with phytohormones. Auxins in general, and 2,4-D in particular, have been shown to induce somatic embryogenesis whereas shoot regeneration is stimulated by cytokinins. In studying the morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron (TDZ) - a substituted urea with cytokinin-like activity - we found that it induces a high frequency of both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis depending upon the plant species. For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media. In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos. The frequency of regeneration was two to ten times higher than that achieved with auxin-cytokinin combinations. While no direct evidence is currently available to establish a relationship between TDZ and endogenous phytohormones, our results suggest that it may act by establishing endogenously the auxin:cytokinin ratio permissive of induction and expression of morphogenically competent cells.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Asparagus officinalis L. Through Embryogenic Callus

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Embryogenic Calli

A plant regeneration system was established from hypocotyl explants of in vitro grown seedlings of A. officinalis and in vitro proliferated shoots, respectively through somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic calli. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the types of plant growth regulators. Embryogenic calli with somatic embryos developed well in MS supplemented with 2.0 ‐ 4.0 μM BAP and 1.0 ‐ 4.0 μM 22,4‐D, NAA or IBA. The highest frequency (95.3%) of embryogenic calli and 55.2 somatic embryos formation were obtained when the MS was amended with 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM 2,4‐D. The best embryo germination occurred in 1.0 μM BAP supplemented MMS. The highest 97.2% of shoot proliferation was observed in embryogenic calli in MS medium containing 2.0 μM BAP and 1.0 μM IBA. In vitro grown shoots were rooted in MMS with 1.0 ‐ 2.0 μM IBA. Regenerants were transferred to vermicompost and successfully established under an ex vitro environment in garden soil with 80% survival rate.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 21-31, 2017 (June)

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