scholarly journals Alternative learning strategies for spatio-temporal processes of complex animal behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Toryn L. J. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Inference ◽  
Alternative Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Behavior Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The estimation of spatio-temporal dynamics of animal behavior processes is complicated by nonlinear interactions. Alternative learning methods such as machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning have proven successful for approximating nonlinear system mechanisms for prediction and classification. These alternative learning frameworks can be linked to statistical models in a hierarchical framework to improve ecological inference and prediction in the presence of uncertainty. This dissertation provides three methodological extensions of alternative learning with statistical uncertainty quantification for modeling animal behavior dynamics at different scales. First, an efficient Bayesian Markov model is developed to provide inference on white-fronted geese behavior from individual accelerometer and location data while accounting for classification uncertainty. Second, nonlinear basis function expansions produced by a spatio-temporal echo state network are used as features in a hierarchical generalized linear model for predicting spatial patterns of mallard duck settling pattern counts. Lastly, Bayesian inverse reinforcement learning is developed to estimate the behavioral state costs for collective animal groups.

scholarly journals Food and water deprivation modulating function on activation and direction of behavior in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsovia Hernandez ◽  
Alejandro Leon ◽  
Victor Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Experimental Chamber ◽  
Behavior Dynamics ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The effects of food or water deprivation on the consumption of those commodities has been extensively reported in the literature. The effect of the interaction of those deprivation conditions on food and water consumption and on the temporal organization and dynamics of behavior is less known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different conditions of food and water deprivation on the spatio-temporal dynamics of behavior when food and water are concurrently available. Six rats were exposed to four different conditions: a) food deprivation, b) water deprivation, c) food and water deprivation and d) no deprivation. Experimental sessions consisted of simultaneously presenting a food pellet and a drop of water using a Concurrent Fixed Time 30 s schedule on two dispensers located on opposite walls of an extended experimental chamber. Local (number of drops of water and pellets consumed, head entries to dispensers) and translational (location, displacement routes) patterns were recorded. We found differential effects of the deprivation conditions on the aforementioned measures with no equivalent behavioral dynamics under food and water deprivation. The results are discussed in terms of the modulating function of deprivation conditions on measures of vigor and direction of behavior.activation; behavior dynamics; directionality, food deprivation; motivation; water deprivation.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius in the Gulf of Alaska: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW McGowan ◽  
ED Goldstein ◽  
ML Arimitsu ◽  
AL Deary ◽  
O Ormseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius are planktivorous small pelagic fish that serve an intermediate trophic role in marine food webs. Due to the lack of a directed fishery or monitoring of capelin in the Northeast Pacific, limited information is available on their distribution and abundance, and how spatio-temporal fluctuations in capelin density affect their availability as prey. To provide information on life history, spatial patterns, and population dynamics of capelin in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), we modeled distributions of spawning habitat and larval dispersal, and synthesized spatially indexed data from multiple independent sources from 1996 to 2016. Potential capelin spawning areas were broadly distributed across the GOA. Models of larval drift show the GOA’s advective circulation patterns disperse capelin larvae over the continental shelf and upper slope, indicating potential connections between spawning areas and observed offshore distributions that are influenced by the location and timing of spawning. Spatial overlap in composite distributions of larval and age-1+ fish was used to identify core areas where capelin consistently occur and concentrate. Capelin primarily occupy shelf waters near the Kodiak Archipelago, and are patchily distributed across the GOA shelf and inshore waters. Interannual variations in abundance along with spatio-temporal differences in density indicate that the availability of capelin to predators and monitoring surveys is highly variable in the GOA. We demonstrate that the limitations of individual data series can be compensated for by integrating multiple data sources to monitor fluctuations in distributions and abundance trends of an ecologically important species across a large marine ecosystem.

Model-Based and Model-Free Social Cognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leor M Hackel ◽  
Jeffrey Jordan Berg ◽  
Björn Lindström ◽  
David Amodio
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Financial Advisors ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Task Assessment

Do habits play a role in our social impressions? To investigate the contribution of habits to the formation of social attitudes, we examined the roles of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in social interactions—computations linked in past work to habit and planning, respectively. Participants in this study learned about novel individuals in a sequential reinforcement learning paradigm, choosing financial advisors who led them to high- or low-paying stocks. Results indicated that participants relied on both model-based and model-free learning, such that each independently predicted choice during the learning task and self-reported liking in a post-task assessment. Specifically, participants liked advisors who could provide large future rewards as well as advisors who had provided them with large rewards in the past. Moreover, participants varied in their use of model-based and model-free learning strategies, and this individual difference influenced the way in which learning related to self-reported attitudes: among participants who relied more on model-free learning, model-free social learning related more to post-task attitudes. We discuss implications for attitudes, trait impressions, and social behavior, as well as the role of habits in a memory systems model of social cognition.

Spatio‐temporal dynamics of water quality and eutrophication in Lake Taihu, China

Ecohydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongfang Li ◽  
Yuting Zhu ◽  
Qihui Chen ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Spatio Temporal
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