scholarly journals Management of nitrogen and nitrification inhibitors for corn and wheat production on claypan soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Habibullah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Use

Use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) in agricultural production systems is considered a risk management strategy for both agricultural and environmental considerations. It can be utilized when risk of reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency or yield, and risk of pollution from mineral N is high. Field research was conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) from 2012 to 2015 in Northeast Missouri. Treatments consisted of two application timings of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solution [pre-emergence (PRE) and V3 growth stage], two application rates (143 and 168 kg N ha-1 ), with and without a NI (nitrapyrin), and a non-treated control which were arranged in randomized complete block design. UAN applied at a rate of 143 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin at the V3 growth resulted in the highest yield (8.6 Mg ha-1 ). Similarly, pre-emergence application of UAN 168 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted in greater yields (7.7 Mg ha-1 ). UAN application rates and timings affected soil NO3-N and NH4-N concentration more than nitrapyrin presence or absence during the growing season. A side-dress application of a lower rate of UAN with nitrapyrin at V3 corn growth stage may be useful when risk of N losses during the growing season due to unfavorable precipitation events and other environmental variables is high. A pre-emergence application of UAN with nitrapyrin was useful and it may eliminate the need for split-application of N fertilizer later in the season. Workload on growers soon before planting or during growing season, excessive wet field conditions in early spring, reduced N fertilizer use efficiencies due to uncertain climatic conditions during growing season, and environmental concerns of pollution from - 30 - N escaping from agriculture production systems may give an incentive to growers and policy makers to increase the use of nitrapyrin in the future.

scholarly journals Assessing Management of Nitrapyrin with Urea Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer on Corn Yield and Soil Nitrogen in a Poorly-Drained Claypan Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Habibullah ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Claypan Soil ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

Use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) in agricultural production systems is considered a risk management strategy for both agricultural and environmental considerations. It can be utilized when risk of reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency or yield, and risk of pollution from mineral N is high which can occur in poorly-drained soils that are vulnerable to waterlogging and runoff. Field research was conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) from 2012 to 2015 in Missouri, USA on a poorly-drained claypan soil. Treatments consisted of two application timings of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solution [pre-emergence (PRE) and V3 growth stage], two application rates (143 and 168 kg N ha-1) in the presence or absence of nitrapyrin, and a non-treated control. UAN at 143 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin at the V3 growth stage resulted in the highest yield (8.6 Mg ha-1). Similarly, pre-emergence application of UAN 168 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted in greater yields (7.7 Mg ha-1). UAN application rates and timings affected soil NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations more than the presence or absence of nitrapyrin during the growing season. A side-dress application of a lower rate of UAN with nitrapyrin at V3 was effective in poorly-drained soils when risk of N losses during the growing season due to unfavorable precipitation events and other environmental variables was high. A pre-emergence application of UAN with nitrapyrin was also effective and it may eliminate the need for split-application of N fertilizer later in the season thereby reducing the workload on growers during the growing season.

Influence of different nitrogen inhibitors on maize yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heiling ◽  
Mahdi Shorafa ◽  
Rayehe Mirkhani ◽  
Elden Willems ◽  
Arsenio Toloza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is challenging due to the many factors and have low N use efficiency (NUE). Heavy N losses from soil reduce plant yield and have negative impacts on the environment. Nitrogen processes inhibitors, such as urease and nitrification inhibitors (UI and NI), are chemical compounds which reduce urea hydrolysis and nitrification respectively. By coating ammonium based chemical fertilizers with N process inhibitors allows N to stay in a more stable form of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) thus minimising N losses as well as improving NUE and consequently enhancing crop yield.</p><p>A field experiment was established at the Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Laboratory (SWMCNL) in Seibersdorf, Austria to determine the effect of different N fertilizers coated with N process inhibitors on maize yield in summer 2020. The field site is characterised by a moderately shallow Chernozem soil with significant gravel content. Three combinations of N fertilizer (urea or NPK) with N process inhibitors (UI and/or NI)) were tested and compared with a control treatment (without N fertilizer) and a urea application without any inhibitor. All treatments received 60 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 146 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> K<sub>2</sub>O. The amount of N added to each treatment receiving N fertilizer was 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>. The inhibitors used were (i) UI (2-NPT: N-(2-nitrophenyl) phosphoric acid triamide), (ii) NI-1 (MPA: N-[3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl] acetamide), and (iii) NI-2 (DMPP: 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate). DMPP, a nitrification inhibitor, was used in combination with NPK fertilizer. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in this study. Treatments were: T<sub>1</sub> (control treatment - without N fertilizer), T<sub>2</sub> (Urea only), T<sub>3</sub> (Urea + UI), T<sub>4</sub> (Urea + UI + NI-1), and T<sub>5 </sub>(NPK + NI-2). Urea was applied through two split applications in the T<sub>2</sub> treatment. In T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub>, and T<sub>5</sub> treatments, N fertilizers were applied only once. Supplemental irrigation was only applied in the early stages of growth, to ensure that the crop could establish. Harvest was carried out at 98 days after planting.</p><p>The yield data showed that different fertilizer treatments had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on maize yield (dry matter production). There was no significant difference between treatments 4 and 5, which had the highest yield followed by treatments 2 and 3. The comparison between T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> showed that the application of a urease inhibitor avoids the need for a split application of urea, which decreases labour costs. Adding NI-1 (under T<sub>4</sub>) further increases the yield. Also, the package of NPK, a common choice by farmers in Austria, in combination with the nitrification inhibitor NI-2 showed equally good results as urea combined with two inhibitors. Based on the yield results, it can be concluded that N process inhibitors play a significant role in enhancing maize yields.</p>

scholarly journals Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer use for more grain and less pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyu Ren ◽  
Minggang Xu ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Shaogui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Fertilizer Use

Abstract Optimal nitrogen (N) management is critical for efficient crop production and agricultural pollution control. However, it is difficult to implement advanced management practices on smallholder farms due to a lack of knowledge and technology. Here, using 35,502 on-farm fertilization experiments, we demonstrated that smallholders in China could produce more grain with less N fertilizer use through optimizing N application rate. The yields of wheat, maize and rice were shown to increase between 10% and 19% while N application rates were reduced by 15–19%. These changes resulted in an increase in N use efficiency (NUE) by 32–46% and a reduction in N surplus by 40% without actually changing farmers’ operational practices. By reducing N application rates in line with official recommendations would not only save fertilizer cost while increasing crop yield, but at the same time reduce environmental N pollution in China. However, making progress towards further optimizing N fertilizer use to produce more grain with less pollution would require managements to improve farmers’ practices which was estimated to cost about 11.8 billion US dollars to implement.

scholarly journals Life-cycle evaluation of nitrogen-use in rice-farming systems: implications for economically-optimal nitrogen rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3159-3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xia ◽  
X. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Lake Region

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer plays an important role in agricultural systems in terms of food yield. However, N application rates (NARs) are often overestimated over the rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing season in the Taihu Lake region of China. This is largely because negative externalities are not entirely included when evaluating economically-optimal nitrogen rate (EONR), such as only individual N losses are taken into account, or the inventory flows of reactive N have been limited solely to the farming process when evaluating environmental and economic effects of N fertilizer. This study integrates important material and energy flows resulting from N use into a rice agricultural inventory that constitutes the hub of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) method. An economic evaluation is used to determine an environmental and economic NAR for the Taihu Lake region. The analysis reveals that production and exploitation processes consume the largest proportion of resources, accounting for 77.2 % and 22.3 % of total resources, respectively. Regarding environmental impact, global warming creates the highest cost with contributions stemming mostly from fertilizer production and farming processes. Farming process incurs the biggest environmental impact of the three environmental impact categories considered, whereas transportation has a much smaller effect. When taking account of resource consumption and environmental cost, the marginal benefit of 1 kg rice would decrease from 2.4 to only 1.05 yuan. Accordingly, our current EONR has been evaluated at 187 kg N ha−1 for a single rice-growing season. This could enhance profitability, as well as reduce the N losses associated with rice growing.

scholarly journals DOSES AND SPLIT NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF ARUGULA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
CAMILA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
CAROLINA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

ABSTRACT Splitting nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can be an efficient nutrient management technique to improve productivity and plant quality, as well as to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by N losses. In this context, the present study investigated how the management of N affects the agronomic characteristics of field-grown arugula plants. Nine treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design, in a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The evaluated factors were doses of N (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1), split N fertilizer applications at side-dress (two and three times) and an additional treatment without a N supply. Maximum height was obtained with the application of 198 kg N ha-1. Nitrate content, fresh mass and productivity increased with increasing N doses. There was no effect of split N fertilizer applications on the characteristics evaluated. Therefore, the supply of 240 kg N ha-1 divided into two portions was considered as the best management strategy.

ADDING VALUE TO FIELD-BASED AGRONOMIC RESEARCH THROUGH CLIMATE RISK ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF MAIZE PRODUCTION IN KITALE, KENYA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. DIXIT ◽  
P. J. M. COOPER ◽  
J. DIMES ◽  
K. P. RAO
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
N Fertilizer Use

SUMMARYIn sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), rainfed agriculture is the dominant source of food production. Over the past 50 years much agronomic crop research has been undertaken, and the results of such work are used in formulating recommendations for farmers. However, since rainfall is highly variable across seasons the outcomes of such research will depend upon the rainfall characteristics of the seasons during which the work was undertaken. A major constraint that is faced by such research is the length of time for which studies could be continued, typically ranging between three and five years. This begs the question as to what extent the research was able to ‘sample’ the natural longer-term season-to-season rainfall variability. Without knowledge of the full implications of weather variability on the performance of innovations being recommended, farmers cannot be properly advised about the possible weather-induced risks that they may face over time. To overcome this constraint, crop growth simulation models such as the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) can be used as an integral part of field-based agronomic studies. When driven by long-term daily weather data (30+ years), such models can provide weather-induced risk estimates for a wide range of crop, soil and water management innovations for the major rainfed crops of SSA. Where access to long-term weather data is not possible, weather generators such as MarkSim can be used. This study demonstrates the value of such tools in climate risk analyses and assesses the value of the outputs in the context of a high potential maize production area in Kenya. MarkSim generated weather data is shown to provide a satisfactory approximation of recorded weather data at hand, and the output of 50 years of APSIM simulations demonstrate maize yield responses to plant population, weed control and nitrogen (N) fertilizer use that correspond well with results reported in the literature. Weather-induced risk is shown to have important effects on the rates of return ($ per $ invested) to N-fertilizer use which, across seasons and rates of N-application, ranged from 1.1 to 6.2. Similarly, rates of return to weed control and to planting at contrasting populations were also affected by seasonal variations in weather, but were always so high as to not constitute a risk for small-scale farmers. An analysis investigating the relative importance of temperature, radiation and water availability in contributing to weather-induced risk at different maize growth stages corresponded well with crop physiological studies reported in the literature.

scholarly journals MAXIMIZING WATER AND N FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCIES UNDER MAIZE CROP AT NORTH DELTA

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
H. A. Sonbol ◽  
Z. M. El-Sirafy ◽  
E. A. E. Gazia ◽  
H. A. Shams El-Din ◽  
Sahar H. Rashed
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
N Fertilizer Use
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