scholarly journals Ambulatory assessment of physiological arousal, emotion, and alcohol use

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel L. Tomko
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Research examining whether negative affect leads to drinking has produced mixed results (Greeley and Oei, 1999; Sher and Grekin, 2007). The current project enlisted participants (n=43) oversampled for affective instability, arguably making them at higher risk for negative affect-driven alcohol consumption. The goals of this study were to 1) validate an ambulatory device for measuring electrodermal activity (EDA) and to 2) examine the relations between emotion, EDA, and alcohol use in real-time. Multiple self-reports of emotion, alcohol use, and behavior were obtained from participants each day over the course of one week using electronic diaries. EDA was assessed continuously during waking hours. The results suggested that ambulatory measurement of EDA is feasible, and agreement between ambulatory measures and traditional laboratory measures was moderate to high for number of skin conductance responses per minute. Skin conductance level was less consistent across measures. With regard to ambulatory findings, high negative affect and high arousal states during the day were generally related to decreased likelihood of same-day drinking and decreased estimated blood alcohol concentration, while positive affect was related to increased likelihood of drinking. Hostility and number of skin conductance responses interacted, such that low hostility and low arousal was related to greater amounts of alcohol consumed. In sum, negative affect and arousal were related to alcohol use in real-time, but effects were small and both were generally protective against alcohol consumption at the day-level. This study helps to clarify the role of arousal in affect-related drinking, while also adding to accumulating evidence that suggests negative affect-related drinking may not be an immediate coping response. Positive-affect drinking may be most relevant in early stages of alcohol use, even in an emotionally dysregulated sample.

scholarly journals Agents' pivotality and reward fairness modulate sense of agency in cooperative joint action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Le Bars ◽  
Alexandre Devaux ◽  
Tena Nevidal ◽  
Valerian Chambon ◽  
Elisabeth Pacherie
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Individual Motor

The sense of agency (SoA) experienced in joint action is an essential subjective dimension of human cooperativeness, but we still know little about the specific factors that contribute to its emergence or alteration. In the present study, dyads of participants were instructed to coordinate their key presses to move a cursor up to a specific target (i.e., to achieve a common goal). We applied random deviations on the cursor’s trajectory to manipulate the motor fluency of the joint action, while the agents’ motor roles were either balanced (i.e., equivalent) or unbalanced (i.e., one agent contributed more than the other), making the agents more or less pivotal to the joint action. Then, the final outcomes were shared equally, fairly (i.e., reflecting individual motor contributions) or arbitrarily in an all-or none fashion, between the co-agents. Self and joint SoA were measured through self-reports about feeling of control (FoC), and electrodermal activity was recorded during the whole motor task. We observed that self and joint FoC were reduced in the case of low motor fluency, pointing out the importance of sensorimotor cues for both I- and we-modes. Moreover, while self FoC was reduced in the low pivotality condition (i.e., low motor role), joint FoC was significantly enhanced when agents’ roles and rewards were symmetrical (i.e. equal). Skin conductance responses to rewards were impacted by the way outcomes were shared between partners (i.e., fairly, equally or arbitrarily) but not by the individual gains, which demonstrates the sensitivity of low-level physiological reactions to external signs of fairness. Skin conductance level was also reduced in the fair context, where rewards were shared according to individual motor contributions, relative to the all-or-none context, which could mirror the feeling of effective responsibility and control over actions’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Negative Affect, Alcohol Consumption, and Female-to-Male Intimate Partner Violence: A Daily Diary Investigation

Partner Abuse ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory A. Crane ◽  
Christopher I. Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
College Age ◽  
The Status ◽  
Daily Risk

Although research suggests that both negative affect and alcohol use are related to the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) in male samples, less is known about the status of these risk factors in female samples. Forty-three college-age females who reported a recent history of IPV perpetration submitted 6 weeks of Online daily reports pertaining to their levels of negative affect, alcohol consumption habits, and the occurrence of both male-to-female partner violence (MFPV) and female-to-male partner violence (FMPV). Results indicated that negative affect significantly predicted increases in the daily risk of FMPV. MFPV also significantly predicted FMPV risk. Alcohol consumption failed to predict FMPV perpetration on both levels of analysis. Results are discussed in terms of prevailing models of alcohol use, negative affect, and IPV.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5091
Author(s):  
Jiaxu Zhou ◽  
Xiaohu Jia ◽  
Guoqiang Xu ◽  
Junhan Jia ◽  
Rihan Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alarm Sounds

Due to differences in cognitive ability and physiological development, the evacuation characteristics of children are different from those of adults. This study proposes a novel method of using wearable sensors to collect data (e.g., electrodermal activity, EDA; heart rate variability, HRV) on children’s physiological responses, and to continuously and quantitatively evaluate the effects of different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of children. In order to determine the optimum alarm for children, an on-site experiment was conducted in a kindergarten to collect physiological data for responses to different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of 42 children of different ages. The results showed that: (1) The alarm sounds led to changes in physiological indicators of children aged 3–6 years, and the effects of different types of alarm sounds on EDA and HRV activities were significantly different (p < 0.05). Skin conductance (SC), skin conductance tonic (SCT) and skin conductance level (SCL) can be used as the main indicators for analysing EDA of children in this experiment (p < 0.05), and the indicators of ultralow frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) for HRV were not affected by the type of alarm sounds (p > 0.05). (2) Unlike adults, kindergarten children were more susceptible to the warning siren. The combined voice and warning alarm had optimal effects in stimulating children to perceive risk. (3) For children aged 3–6 years, gender had a significant impact on children’s reception to evacuation sound signals (p < 0.05): Girls are more sensitive than boys in receiving evacuation sound signals, similar to findings of studies of risk perception of adult males and females. In addition, the higher the age, the greater the sensitivity to evacuation sound signals, which accords with results of previous studies on the evacuation dynamics of children.

Autonomic Arousal in Eating Disorders: Further Evidence for the Clinical Subdivision of Anorexia Nervosa

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calloway ◽  
Peter Fonagy ◽  
Anthony Wakeling
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Conductance Level

SummaryAutonomic arousal, measured by skin conductance level and response, was examined in 36 female patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and 32 control subjects. No differences were found between the control group and anorexics who lost weight solely through dieting (restricting anorexics). Patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and anorexics with bulimic features, however, showed fewer spontaneous skin conductance responses and were faster to habituate to 85 dB tones than either controls or restricting anorexic patients. The pattern of findings supports recent views concerning the clinical subdivision of anorexia nervosa.

Skin Conductance, Marlowe-Crowne Defensiveness, and Dental Anxiety

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Benjamins ◽  
Albert H. B. Schuurs ◽  
Johan Hoogstraten
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Skin Conductance Levels ◽  
Dental Appointment ◽  
The Relationship

The present study assesses the relationship between self-reported dental anxiety (Dental Anxiety Inventory, Dental Anxiety Scale, and Duration of Psychophysiological Fear Reactions), electrodermal activity (skin-conductance level and frequency of spontaneous responses), and Marlowe-Crowne defensiveness. All measurements were made twice. The first session was scheduled immediately before a semi-annual dental check-up (stress condition), and baseline measurements were made two months later without the prospect of a dental appointment. Subjects were male dental patients who regularly attended a university dental clinic and a clinic for Special Dental Care. The main findings were that the low anxious-high defensive-scoring (Marlowe-Crowne Denial subscale) university patients showed significantly higher skin-conductance levels and frequency of nonspecific fluctuations than the low anxious-low defensive-scoring subjects. Besides, the conductance values of the low anxious-high defensive-scoring subjects resembled those of the high anxious-low defensive-scoring patients of the clinic for Special Dental Care, the baseline frequency of nonspecific fluctuations excepted.

scholarly journals Effects of Affctive Ambiguity on Emotion Regulation through Affect Labeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyu Matsuguma ◽  
Mariko Shirai ◽  
Makoto Miyatani ◽  
Takashi Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affect Labeling ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Putting feelings into words, called affect labeling, has been shown to attenuate emotional responses. However, labeling ambiguous emotional states may reduce the emotion regulation effect because it is difficult to categorize such feelings. Conversely, it may prove more effective by reducing feelings of uncertainty. The current study aimed to investigate how affect labeling in affective ambiguity influences emotion regulation effects on the subjective intensity of feelings, skin conductance level, and skin conductance response. Participants were asked to rate the intensity of their feelings after being presented with images of clear facial expressions for the prototypical condition and morphed facial expressions for the ambiguous condition. In addition, participants assigned to the labeling group selected the emotion word that best matched their own feelings during the stimulus presentation. As a result, affect labeling increased skin conductance responses during presentation only in the prototypical condition, suggesting the possibility of different effects according to affective ambiguity. However, both subjective and physiological responses did not decline, contrary to previous research. We discuss the consequences and the experimental characteristics, and propose a direction for future research.

Affective Context of Sadness and Physiological Response Patterns

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Davydov ◽  
Emmanuelle Zech ◽  
Olivier Luminet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Facial Behavior ◽  
Facial Activity ◽  
Negative Feelings

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that two films that induce a sad feeling would elicit different physiological responses depending on an additional context of the film contents related to either avoidance (disgust) or attachment (tenderness). Reactivity was evaluated for facial behavior, heart rate, pulse transit time, skin conductance, and subjective experience. Participants reported feeling less happy and showed increased facial activity related to the sad content of both films. The sad film related to avoidance induced an increase in skin conductance level and response rate. In contrast, the sad film related to attachment induced a decrease in amplitude of skin conductance responses and heart rate. The study showed that while the common sad content of both films disturbed mood or provoked negative feelings, additional affective contexts induced either a decrease or an increase in physiological arousal.

scholarly journals Pain-Related Fear in Virtual Reality: A New Experimental Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hilger ◽  
Anne-Sophie Häge ◽  
Christina Zedler ◽  
Michael Jost ◽  
Paul Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Background: Pain-related fear is critically involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Empirical research suggests a key role of operant learning mechanism, and first experimental paradigms were developed for their investigation within a controlled laboratory setting. We introduce a new virtual reality paradigm with improved ecological validity. Methods: The paradigm evaluated the effects of heat-pain stimuli applied contingent versus non-contingent with large arm movements in naturalistic virtual sceneries. Self-reported pain-related fear and pain expectancy, avoidance behavior, and electrodermal activity were assessed in 42 subjects during an acquisition phase (movements-pain association) and a modification phase (no movement-pain association). Results: Pain applications contingent to arm movements induced a gradual increase in pain-related fear and pain expectancy ratings. Both were continuously and ultimately reduced when the contingency was removed. Avoidance behavior demonstrated no such pattern; time-resolved post-hoc analyses revealed that changes in the avoidance behavior took place very fast within the first trial only. Skin conductance levels resemble the patterns observed for ratings, while skin conductance responses equal behavioral results. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the involvement of two different learning mechanisms in the acquisition and modification of pain-related fear: While affective and cognitive fear components evolve rather slow and more gradually, avoidance behavior seems to change much faster, both of which were accompanied by corresponding changes in physiological arousal. These results emphasize the importance of avoidance behavior in chronic pain development, maintenance and its therapy. The introduced virtual reality paradigm allows to examine such avoidance behavior in an ecological valid environment.

Momentary associations between affect and alcohol use in the daily lives of college students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Sayed ◽  
Amanda Lee McGowan ◽  
Mia Jovanova ◽  
Danielle Cosme ◽  
Yoona Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Objective: Alcohol is theorized to be motivated by desires to regulate negative affect and/or to enhance positive affect. We tested the association between momentary affect and alcohol use in the daily lives of college students, hypothesizing that alcohol use would be more likely to follow increases in positive affect and that alcohol use would not be strongly associated with negative affect. Method: Using two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies consisting of two prompts per day for 28 days, we used multilevel hurdle models to test for lagged associations between positive and negative affect and alcohol use. There were 108 participants (60.19%; mean age = 20.20, SD=1.69) in EMA study 1 and 268 participants (60.03%women, mean age = 20.22, SD=1.96) in EMA study 2. To provide context for the affect-alcohol associations, we collected data on whether participants drank alone or with others at each drinking occasion and the drinking motives of participants using the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Results: Alcohol use was more likely to occur following increases in positive affect. No significant associations emerged between fluctuations in negative affect and alcohol use. This pattern of findings was observed across both ecological momentary assessment studies. The majority of alcohol use occurred in social contexts. Conclusions: College students who report primarily social and enhancement motives for drinking and who seldom drink alone are more likely to drink following increases in positive affect.

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