scholarly journals Golden-cheeked warbler nest success and nest predators in urban and rural landscapes

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Reidy
Keyword(s):  
Nest Success ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Nest Predators

scholarly journals Nest caging as a conservation tool for threatened songbirds

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Major ◽  
Michael B. Ashcroft ◽  
Adrian Davis
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Endangered Population ◽  
Precocial Birds ◽  
Nest Predators

Context Enclosing nests in cages to exclude predators is a management tool frequently used to increase the reproductive success of threatened ground-nesting precocial birds. This technique has seldom been used with passerines, despite the predicted increased benefit for altricial species due to their longer period of nest dependency. Aims The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether cages could be installed around the nests of a threatened, shrub-nesting passerine without causing parental desertion, and (2) whether caged nests could successfully exclude the dominant nest predators and increase nesting success. Methods Cages with four different mesh sizes (1000 mm, 200 mm, 100 mm, 50 mm) were installed sequentially in trials at four nests in a secure population and three nests in an endangered population of white-fronted chats (Epthianura albifrons) to investigate susceptibility to desertion. Trials using 160 caged and uncaged artificial nests were used to determine the efficacy of 50-mm wire mesh in preventing access to eggs by potential nest predators. Key results Parent birds accepted nest cages, which reduced predation rates on artificial nests from 96% to 14%. Infrared-triggered cameras revealed that corvids were responsible for 94% of predation episodes. Nest success of caged white-fronted chat nests was 85% (n = 7). Conclusions Nest cages do not appear to have negative effects on nest success of white-fronted chats, and may considerably increase reproductive success. Implications Nest cages may aid conservation of the endangered population of white-fronted chats and other endangered songbird species.

scholarly journals Evaluating the ecological and behavioural factors influencing Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosusegg hatching and the potential benefits of predator exclosures

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT F. PEARSON ◽  
SHANNON M. KNAPP ◽  
CYNDIE SUNDSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Active Nest ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nest Predators

SummaryAn understanding of the ecological factors influencing nest success and the effectiveness of management activities focused on improving nest success can be critical to successful conservation strategies for rare or declining species. Over seven breeding seasons (2006–2012) we examined the influence of nest spacing and habitat characteristics on hatching success for the nationally threatened Pacific coast population of the Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosusin coastal Washington, USA in two study areas. Specifically, we assessed the influence of clutch age, nesting season date, distance to conspecific nests, perpendicular distance to the high-tide (wrack) line, vegetation cover and other habitat characteristics at three spatial scales (1m2, 5m2, and 25 m2) centred on the nest. We also assessed the effectiveness of wire mesh cages placed around nests to exclude mammalian and avian nest-predators. We discovered and monitored 307 nests, placed predator exclosures around 142 of these nests and measured habitat variables at 251. Our selected base model included site and quadratic function of season-date. For the analysis examining habitat effects on nest success, only models with distance to nearest active nest ranked higher than the baseline model even when removing the nests that were very distant from conspecific nests (outliers). For these unexclosed nests, predation was the primary source of nest failure and crows and ravens were apparently the primary nest predators. Predator exclosures had a clear positive influence on nest survival. Even though we observed a positive exclosure effect, we recommend that they be used cautiously because we and others have observed adult mortality associated with exclosures. Regardless of the spatial scale, Snowy Plovers are primarily using nest sites with little vegetation, shell or woody material cover suggesting the need for large expanses of very sparsely or unvegetated habitats that allow birds to nest semi-colonially (with near neighbours).

Landscape‐scale distribution of nest predators and its relationship with regent honeyeater nest success

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gautschi ◽  
Robert Heinsohn ◽  
Liam Murphy ◽  
Ross Crates
Keyword(s):  
Nest Success ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Nest Predators

scholarly journals Greater Sage-Grouse Nest Predators in the Virginia Mountains of Northwestern Nevada

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary B. Lockyer ◽  
Peter S. Coates ◽  
Michael L. Casazza ◽  
Shawn Espinosa ◽  
David J. Delehanty
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Sage Grouse ◽  
Habitat Alterations ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Northwestern Nevada ◽  
Nest Predators

Abstract Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse, populations have declined across their range due to the loss, degradation, and fragmentation of habitat. Habitat alterations can lead not only to vegetative changes but also to shifts in animal behavior and predator composition that may influence population vital rates, such as nest success. For example, common ravens Corvus corax are sage-grouse nest predators, and common raven abundance is positively associated with human-caused habitat alterations. Because nest success is a central component to sage-grouse population persistence, research that identifies factors influencing nest success will better inform conservation efforts. We used videography to unequivocally identify sage-grouse nest predators within the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, USA, from 2009 to 2011 and used maximum likelihood to calculate daily probability of nest survival. In the Virginia Mountains, fires, energy exploration, and other anthropogenic activities have altered historic sage-grouse habitat. We monitored 71 sage-grouse nests during the study, placing video cameras at 39 nests. Cumulative nest survival for all nests was 22.4% (95% CI, 13.0–33.4%), a survival rate that was significantly lower than other published results for sage-grouse in the Great Basin. Depredation was the primary cause for nest failure in our study (82.5%), and common ravens were the most frequent sage-grouse nest predator, accounting for 46.7% of nest depredations. We also successfully documented a suite of mammalian and reptilian species depredating sage-grouse nests, including some predators never previously confirmed in the literature to be sage-grouse nest predators (i.e., bobcats Lynx rufus and long-tailed weasels Mephitis frenata). Within the high elevation, disturbed habitat of the Virginia Mountains, low sage-grouse nest success may be limiting sage-grouse population growth. These results suggest that management actions that restore habitat in the Virginia Mountains and decrease anthropogenic subsidies of ravens will benefit sage-grouse.

Out of War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane C. Ferme
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Sensory History ◽  
History Of

Out of War is an ethnographic engagement with the nature of intercommunal violence and the material returns of history during and after the 1991–2002 Sierra Leone civil war. The questions raised concern the nature and reckoning of time and reality, fact and fiction; the experience of violence and trauma; the reversibility of perpetrator and victim, friend and enemy; and past, present, and future in the colony and postcolony. The book is a reflection on West African epistemologies and ontologies that contribute to questions in counterpoint with those of international humanitarianism, struggling with the possibilities of truth and quandaries of justice. In the context of massive population displacements and humanitarian interventions, the ethnography traces strategies of psychological, political, and cultural survival and material dwelling in liminal spaces in the midst of the destruction of the social fabric engendered by war. It also examines the juridical creation of new figures of crimes against humanity at the Special Court for Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone scene, in the aftermath of war, is visualized as a landscape of chronotopes, neologisms that summon the uncertainty of war: the sobel (“soldier by day, rebel by night”), pointing to the instability of distinctions between enemy and friend, or of opposing parties in the war (the rebels of the Revolutionary United Front [RUF] and soldiers in the national army), and the rebel cross, pointing to the possibility that the purported neutrality of the Red Cross masked partisan interests alongside the RUF. Chronotopes also testify to the difficulty of discerning between facts and rumors in war, and they freeze in time collective anxieties about wartime events. Finally, beyond the traumas of war, the book explores the returns of material traces in counterpoint to the more “monumental” presence of Chinese investments in Africa today, and it explores the forgotten sensory history of another China (Taiwan versus the People’s Republic of China) and another Africa inscribed in ordinary agrarian practices on rural landscapes, and in the fabric of domestic life, particularly since the non-aligned movement emerged from the Bandung conference in 1955.

scholarly journals New Integrated Approaches to Climate Emergency Landscape Strategies: The Case of Pan-European SATURN Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8419
Author(s):  
Anastasia Nikologianni ◽  
Alessandro Betta ◽  
Angelica Pianegonda ◽  
Sara Favargiotti ◽  
Kathryn Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ecosystem Research ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Development Goals

The landscape has been described as a ‘blind spot’ when examined in light of regional strategies. The immense potential of peri-urban and rural hinterlands to counter the climate emergency is therefore also overlooked. The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)Climate-KIC’s (Knowledge and Innovation Community) System and sustainable Approach to virTuous interaction of Urban and Rural LaNdscapes (SATURN) aims to address this short-sightedness. The reason why we do not see or value the landscape is complex, but part of the problem relates to its multiple ownership, numerous types and scales of conflicting designations, governance structures, policy requirements, and regulatory frameworks. This leads to an approach that is fragmented and sectoral and, therefore, fails to see the bigger picture or recognise the value that the territory has in order to deal with current environmental challenges. With partners from across Europe, the pan-European Orchestrated Ecosystem research project co-funded by EIT Climate-KIC, SATURN aims to develop new integrated strategies which will increase awareness of the capacity of the landscape, which is seen is seen as a vital way to address the deepening climate emergency. SATURN anticipates that the outputs will build capacity across Europe to help nation-states meet the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) and respond to the environmental challenges. This paper, reporting on interim findings, sets out the next phase of the project and concludes with lessons learned so far, including an initial identification of processes that can be applied in regions across Europe and an evaluation of the significance of exchanging knowledge between different countries.

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