scholarly journals Failure of transparent polymer composite laminated glass panels under impact loading

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Shankar Kalluri
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Glass Panels

Flexural Creep Behavior of Full-Scale Laminated Glass Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 04017139
Author(s):  
Luís Valarinho ◽  
João R. Correia ◽  
Mário Garrido ◽  
Mário Sá ◽  
Fernando A. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behavior ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Flexural Creep ◽  
Glass Panels

scholarly journals Investigation on Dynamic Propagation Characteristics of In-Plane Cracks in PVB Laminated Glass Plates

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Xu ◽  
Bohan Liu ◽  
Yibing Li
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Crack Propagation Mechanism

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) laminated glass has been widely used as an important component of mechanical and construction materials. Cracks on PVB laminated glass are rich in impact information, which contribute to its impact resistance design. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation model describing PVB laminated glass under impact loading is firstly established and validated qualitatively and quantitatively compared with the corresponding experimental results recorded by the high-speed photography system. In the meantime, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is introduced to analyze the crack propagation mechanism of laminated glass based on dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) and propagations of stress waves. Parametric studies are then carried out to investigate the influence of five critical parameters, that is, plate dimension, crack length, impact energy, glass properties, and PVB properties, on crack propagation characteristics of laminated glass. Results show that the interaction between crack tip and stress waves as well as the propagations of stress waves corresponds to the fluctuations of DSIFs at crack tip. Both the structure and material variables are proven to play a very important role in glass cracking DSIFs and thus govern the crack propagation behavior. Results may provide fundamental explanation to the basic crack propagation mechanism on radial cracks in PVB laminated glass under impact loading conditions, thus to instruct its impact design improvement.

Blast test and numerical simulation of point-supported glazing

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwen Chen ◽  
Chen-Guang Zhu ◽  
Guo-Qiang Li ◽  
Yong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Blast Response ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Glass Curtain Wall

The blast resistance of point-supported laminated glass curtain wall has been investigated by means of field blast tests and numerical simulation. Nine site blast tests were carried out, considering two types of glass thickness and six TNT charges ranging from 0.4 to 30 kg. The overpressure and displacement time histories were measured and the failure modes were observed. The overpressure obtained from the measurement panel exhibited a typical pattern of near-field blast with a steep increase followed by a rapid decay within a few milliseconds. The displacement response of the laminated glass panels increased with the increase in the TNT charge almost linearly in the smaller tests (scaled distance ranging 4.5–7 m/kg1/3), which was in line with the increase in the blast impulse in these tests. The failure mode of the point-supported laminated glass panels was featured by tearing off of the polyvinyl butyral layer around the support area, while the glass shards still adhered to the polyvinyl butyral interlayer. Nonlinear dynamic finite element simulation agrees reasonably well with the results from the blast tests. Severe stress concentration has been predicted to occur at the rim of the support holes, leading to initiation of failure at these supports, and this also agrees with the failure mode observed from the blast test. Finally, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influence of TNT charge weight and the geometric parameters of the panel on the blast response of the glass curtain wall.

scholarly journals Response of Coated Laminated Glass Panels Subjected to Combined Blast and Temperature Loadings

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad A. Makki ◽  
Prathmesh Naik Parrikar ◽  
Arun Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Glass Panels

Post-fracture performance of laminated glass panels under consecutive hard body impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 112777
Author(s):  
Xing-er Wang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Wai Tung A. Chong ◽  
Pizhong Qiao ◽  
Shennan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Fracture Performance

Performance of the laminated glass systems under static and blast pressure loading

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mahmoud Nawar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Uniform Pressure ◽  
Blast Loads ◽  
Window Systems ◽  
Resistance Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glass Panels

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The increase of explosions threats toward civilian targets has raised concerns about a building's safety. Laminated glass (LG) is one of the widely used structural elements in building envelope where safety performance is highly required where the major threat of death and injuries comes from the flying glass fragments. Laminated glass can greatly reduce the hazard of flying shards by holding the fragments of the glass bonded to the polymeric interlayer which works as continuous membrane attached to the supporting frame and dissipates a great amount of cracking energy when the glass cracks due to blast loads. Recently, the blast-resistant glazing research has been improved broadly, but still few areas remain unexplored related to resistance function and blast response of the window system including new interlayer materials such as UVEKOL-S. This research develops finite element (FE) modeling using LS-DYNA software to study the response of LG windows and curtain walls to blast loads, the effect of the negative phase of the blast wave, and the dynamic reactions transmitted to the window frame and supporting structure. The dynamic response in terms of center deflection and dynamic reactions of the model were compared against those measured in blast testing and showed good agreement. But, after the point of glass failure, a difference in frequency response between the experimental results and LS-DYNA model were seen. This can be attributed to the random crack patterns and the lack of the exact dynamic properties of the post-cracked phase of the laminated glass panel. The static behavior of the polymer interlayer before and after breakage of the glass layers was investigated under quasi-static loading. Constitutive relations of virgin and extracted polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and UVEKOL-S extracted from laminated glass panels were evaluated, including the energy absorption capabilities for each material. Also, the post-breakage behavior of laminated glass was investigated. The experimental results of scored tensile samples carried out on UVEKOL-S glass laminates using different numbers of scores are presented, discussed, and compared with the results of the PVB glass laminates. The energy absorption of the PVB glass interlayer was found to be larger than that of the UVEKOL-S interlayer. From the scored tensile tests, it was concluded that the adhesion of PVB to glass panes is stronger compared with the adhesion of UVEKOL-S to glass panes. Conversely, it was found that this stronger bond led to premature tearing of the PVB interlayer when compared with UVEKOL-S, which allowed relative slip, leading to reduced tearing initiation. In this research, the dynamic constitutive behavior of virgin PVB and PVB and UVEKOL-S extracted from laminated glass panels were evaluated at an average strain rate of 30-40 s-1 using an impact drop-weight apparatus. A new technique was used to investigate the exact mechanical proprieties of PVB and UVEKOL-S before and after the breakage of the laminated glass, including the energy absorption capabilities for each material. The results show that both PVB and UVEKOL-S, at strain rates of 30-40 s-1 had an initial rise in strength, but after the maximum stress point both materials followed a noticeable difference in their response to failure. Comparing the high strain results with the static ones, they show that the dynamic loading significantly affects the material response and the energy absorption characteristics of the interlayer materials. Sufficient data was obtained from the tests to evaluate alternative approaches to modeling PVB and UVEKOL-S materials in a real blast event. In this research, experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the stress wave generation using a piston impact on fluid inside a tube attached to a fluid chamber to produce impulsive loads which are uniformly distributed over the test panels. Experimental shock wave simulation results for laminated glass panels validated the effectiveness of the system to produce a blast impulse with specific characteristics. Different blast wave and impulsive profiles were obtained using this blast simulator apparatus, which is neither expensive nor complex, to test small scale samples including laminated glass panels and aluminum cladding. Also this apparatus was used to investigate the initial speed of the glass splinters flying from the tested laminated glass samples using a high speed camera. Additionally, this research focuses on numerically and experimentally evaluating the resistance function of UVEKOL-S and PVB LG panes, including the structural glazing tape (SGT), silicon, or non-structural glazing tape (NSGT) as a glazing support to the surrounding frame. The resistance function must be obtained under uniform pressure (since the blast load is generally uniform). In this research, finite element program, LS-DYNA, was used to stablish and investigate the resistance function of cracked LG panes, which is contributed by the membrane resistance of the polymeric interlayer, which will be used in the SDOF idealization and dynamic analysis of window systems. A full-scale vacuum chamber and a small-scale water chamber were used to apply static uniform pressure on the LG panes to develop load-deformation failure relationships for LG panes. The results were used to improve the existing SDOF systems used for the design of blast resistant windows. The dynamic responses for two blast experiments using a shock tube were compared to the SDOF and WINGARD results to identify the accuracy of this method in designing LG window systems. Findings indicate that the SDOF results compared well with those obtained from the shock tube blast tests, and hence it can improve the abilities of engineers to better design LG panes under blast loads.

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