Cyclotron produced nuclides for PET imaging and radiotracer studies

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.32469/10355/48719 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Thomas W. Brossard

Keyword(s):

Transport Mechanism ◽

Research Reactor ◽

Particle Accelerator ◽

Solid Target ◽

Wild Type ◽

Target Holder ◽

Simultaneous Production ◽

Carbon 14 ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Corn Plants

Sucrose was labeled at three different positions with radioactive fluorine, F-18, and applied to corn plants to study the transport of sugar in maize and to better understand the basic transport mechanism. The transport of sucrose in wild-type and mutant, lacking the primary sucrose transporter, plants were compared to each other and to sucrose labeled with carbon-14. It was found the fluorosucrose analogues compared well with the carbon-14 sucrose and a distinct difference was observed between the wild-type and mutant maize plants. The simultaneous production of copper-64 and zirconium-89 on a medical grade cyclotron, particle accelerator, was also explored. The targetry of the solid target holder of the cyclotron was modified by replacing a Havar window with a yttrium foil. This allowed for the production of zirconium-89 at the yttrium foil while allowing the enriched nickel-64 target to remain in the solid target holder for the production of copper-64. Zirconium-89 was produced, separated, purified and labeled with results similar to previous publications by other authors. The copper-64 production was enhanced by fifty percent when the yttrium foil was replacing the Havar window when compared to a database of over 40 productions at the Missouri University Research Reactor, MURR. The copper-64 was also separated, purified and labeled successfully by researcher at MURR.

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ROOT SYSTEM IN MAIZE PLANTS CULTIVATED UNDER WATER DEFICIT AND APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

LORENA GABRIELA ALMEIDA ◽

EDER MARCOS DA SILVA ◽

PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽

DÉCIO KARAM ◽

CAROLINE OLIVEIRA DOS REIS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Root System ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Availability ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Specific Behavior ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Corn Plants

Low water availability is characterized as an abiotic stressthat limits the agricultural production. Due to the physical and chemicalcharacteristics of the chitosan (CHT), this substance might stimulatephysiological responses on plants to tolerate the water deficit. In this sense,we submitted corn plants to water deficit and application of chitosan on theleaves (140 mg/L) during pre flowering stage. It were analyzed two cornhybrids genotypes contrasting for water deficit tolerance: DKB 390 (tolerant)and BRS1010 (sensitive). Then, we performed evaluations on the rootsystem and production components. Corn plants submitted to the applicationof chitosan presented a specific behavior: when compared the hybrids,the tolerant one presented a root system that was more developed and anexpressive agronomical yield. These results highlight the fact that the chitosanstimulates plant growth, enhancing their root system and contributing toincrease the availability and absorption of water and nutrients. The chitosanpresents a potential to reduce the negative effects of water deficit on the rootsystems, without compromising the agronomical yield.

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Loss of the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3), or PAT1 (Slc26a6), alters sulfate transport by the distal ileum and overall sulfate homeostasis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00079.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (3) ◽

pp. G166-G179 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jonathan M. Whittamore ◽

Marguerite Hatch

Keyword(s):

Transport Mechanism ◽

Apical Membrane ◽

Primary Site ◽

Distal Ileum ◽

Wild Type ◽

Anion Transporter ◽

Congenital Chloride Diarrhea ◽

Flux Formula ◽

Inorganic Sulfate

The ileum is considered the primary site of inorganic sulfate ([Formula: see text]) absorption. In the present study, we explored the contributions of the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl−/[Formula: see text]) exchangers downregulated in adenoma (DRA; Slc26a3), and putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1; Slc26a6), to the underlying transport mechanism. Transepithelial35[Formula: see text] and36Cl−fluxes were determined across isolated, short-circuited segments of the distal ileum from wild-type (WT), DRA-knockout (KO), and PAT1-KO mice, together with measurements of urine and plasma sulfate. The WT distal ileum supported net sulfate absorption [197.37 ± 13.61 (SE) nmol·cm−2·h−1], but neither DRA nor PAT1 directly contributed to the unidirectional mucosal-to-serosal flux ([Formula: see text]), which was sensitive to serosal (but not mucosal) DIDS, dependent on Cl−, and regulated by cAMP. However, the absence of DRA significantly enhanced net sulfate absorption by one-third via a simultaneous rise in [Formula: see text] and a 30% reduction to the secretory serosal-to-mucosal flux ([Formula: see text]). We propose that DRA, together with PAT1, contributes to [Formula: see text] by mediating sulfate efflux across the apical membrane. Associated with increased ileal sulfate absorption in vitro, plasma sulfate was 61% greater, and urinary sulfate excretion ( USO4) 2.2-fold higher, in DRA-KO mice compared with WT controls, whereas USO4was increased 1.8-fold in PAT1-KO mice. These alterations to sulfate homeostasis could not be accounted for by any changes to renal sulfate handling suggesting that the source of this additional sulfate was intestinal. In summary, we characterized transepithelial sulfate fluxes across the mouse distal ileum demonstrating that DRA (and to a lesser extent, PAT1) secretes sulfate with significant implications for intestinal sulfate absorption and overall homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sulfate is an essential anion that is actively absorbed from the small intestine involving members of the Slc26 gene family. Here, we show that the main intestinal chloride transporter Slc26a3, known as downregulated in adenoma (DRA), also handles sulfate and contributes to its secretion into the lumen. In the absence of functional DRA (as in the disease congenital chloride diarrhea), net intestinal sulfate absorption was significantly enhanced resulting in substantial alterations to overall sulfate homeostasis.

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Kajian Macam Bokashi dan Varietas Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.52166/agroteknologi.v2i2.1588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 32-43

Author(s):

Muhammad Syifa’ ◽

Ana Amiroh ◽

Suharso Suharso

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Food Plants ◽

Good Effect ◽

Staple Food ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Generative Phase ◽

Corn Plants

Corn plants (Zea mays L.) are one of the second staple food plants after rice plants in Indonesia. Some people in Indonesia consume corn as a staple food. Given the importance of corn crop commodities, as one of the staple foods. So there needs to be an effort to increase the growth and production of corn plants. One such effort is the application of bokashi and varieties. This research was conducted in Kranji Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency. With the altitude of ± 5 meters above sea level. The time of the study was conducted from March to June 2019. This study uses Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consists of two factors, namely: bokashi and varieties. Each factor consists of 3 levels that are repeated 3 times, namely: the first factor, bokashi consists of 3 levels, namely without bokashi, bokashi cow cage, bokashi chicken coop. The second factor, the variety consisted of 3 levels namely BISI 18, NK7328 SUMO, and BISI 2. Observation of growth and production of maize plants includes vegetative phase (plant height and number of leaves) and generative phase (ear length, ear diameter, weight of peel cob ear off harvest, weight of peel cob off harvest per hectare and weight of 1000 seeds). The results showed the interaction between the treatment of bokashi and varieties on the height of maize plants and the treatment of NK7328 SUMO varieties had a good effect on all parameters of observation.

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Ds-INDUCED ALLELES AT THE OPAQUE-2 LOCUS OF MAIZE

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/112.1.121 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 112 (1) ◽

pp. 121-133

Author(s):

Mario Motto ◽

Renzo Marotta ◽

Natale Di Fonzo ◽

Carlo Soave ◽

Francesco Salamini

Keyword(s):

Transposable Elements ◽

Transposon Mutagenesis ◽

Dna Fragments ◽

Wild Type ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

Somatic Instability ◽

Mutable Allele ◽

Recessive Phenotype ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Ds Element

ABSTRACT Transposon mutagenesis has been used to isolate mutable alleles at the Opaque-2 (O2) locus of maize. Plants with the Activator-Dissociation (Ac-Ds) system of transposable elements and O2 were crossed as males to a stable o2 tester line. Among a population of 200,000 kernels, 198 exceptional kernels with somatic instability were recovered. In four cases, designated O2-m1, o2-m2, O2-m3 and O2-m4, variegated phenotypes appeared in F2 and subsequent generations. Genetic analyses indicated that the presence of Ds near or within the O2 gene was responsible for the observed somatic instability at the O2 locus. The phenotypes of the newly induced alleles were of two types. Alleles O2-m1, O2-m3 and O2-m4, in the absence of Ac, were characterized by kernel phenotypes indistinguishable from the wild type; in the presence of Ac they generated kernels with opaque sectors interspersed within a vitreous background. In contrast, the mutable allele o2-m2, in the absence of Ac, was characterized by kernels with a recessive phenotype similar to o2 recessive mutants. In the presence of Ac, it reverted somatically to wild-type-producing kernels with vitreous spots in an o2 background. The association of the Ds element with the O2 locus may prove a valuable tool directed to the isolation of DNA fragments bearing the O2 gene.

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A Universal Cassette-Based System for the Dissolution of Solid Targets

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6255

Author(s):

Gabriele Sciacca ◽

Petra Martini ◽

Sara Cisternino ◽

Liliana Mou ◽

Jonathan Amico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Target ◽

Syringe Pump ◽

Target Holder ◽

Fundamental Step ◽

System Concept ◽

Movement Mechanism ◽

Target Management

Cyclotron-based radionuclides production by using solid targets has become important in the last years due to the growing demand of radiometals, e.g., 68Ga, 89Zr, 43/47Sc, and 52/54Mn. This shifted the focus on solid target management, where the first fundamental step of the radiochemical processing is the target dissolution. Currently, this step is generally performed with commercial or home-made modules separated from the following purification/radiolabelling modules. The aim of this work is the realization of a flexible solid target dissolution system to be easily installed on commercial cassette-based synthesis modules. This would offer a complete target processing and radiopharmaceutical synthesis performable in a single module continuously. The presented solid target dissolution system concept relies on an open-bottomed vial positioned upon a target coin. In particular, the idea is to use the movement mechanism of a syringe pump to position the vial up and down on the target, and to exploit the heater/cooler reactor of the module as a target holder. All the steps can be remotely controlled and are incorporated in the cassette manifold together with the purification and radiolabelling steps. The performance of the device was tested by processing three different irradiated targets under different dissolution conditions.

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Enhancement and Validation of a 3D-Printed Solid Target Holder at a Cyclotron Facility in Perth, Australia

Instruments ◽

10.3390/instruments3010012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sun Chan ◽

David Cryer ◽

Roger I. Price

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Cast Alloy ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Solid Target ◽

Cooling Efficiency ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Proton Bombardment ◽

Target Holder ◽

3D Printed ◽

Target Design

A 3D-printed metal solid target using additive manufacturing process is a cost-effective production solution to complex and intricate target design. The initial proof-of-concept prototype solid target holder was 3D-printed in cast alloy, Al–7Si–0.6Mg (A357). However, given the relatively low thermal conductivity for A357 (max, 160 W/m·K), replication of the solid target holder in sterling silver (SS925) with higher thermal conductivity (max, 361 W/m·K) was investigated. The SS925 target holder enhances the cooling efficiency of the target design, thus achieving higher target current during irradiation. A validation production of 64Cu using the 3D-printed SS925 target holder indicated no loss of enriched 64Ni from proton bombardment above 80 µA, at 11.5 MeV.

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Development of insect resistant maize plants expressing a chitinase gene from the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep18067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Gamal H. Osman ◽

Shireen K. Assem ◽

Rasha M. Alreedy ◽

Doaa K. El-Ghareeb ◽

Mahmoud A. Basry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Spodoptera Littoralis ◽

Control Method ◽

Transgenic Maize ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Transgenic Corn ◽

Corn Borer ◽

Defense Proteins ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Corn Plants

Abstract Due to the importance of chitinolytic enzymes for insect, nematode and fungal growth, they are receiving attention concerning their development as biopesticides or chemical defense proteins in transgenic plants and as microbial biocontrol agents. Targeting chitin associated with the extracellular matrices or cell wall by insect chitinases may be an effective approach for controlling pest insects and pathogenic fungi. The ability of chitinases to attack and digest chitin in the peritrophic matrix or exoskeleton raises the possibility to use them as insect control method. In this study, an insect chitinase cDNA from cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) has been synthesized. Transgenic maize plant system was used to improve its tolerance against insects. Insect chitinase transcripts and proteins were expressed in transgenic maize plants. The functional integrity and expression of chitinase in progenies of the transgenic plants were confirmed by insect bioassays. The bioassays using transgenic corn plants against corn borer (Sesamia cretica) revealed that ~50% of the insects reared on transgenic corn plants died, suggesting that transgenic maize plants have enhanced resistance against S. cretica.

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Evaluation of tritium and Carbon-14 radioactivity in primary loop of Tehran Research Reactor (TRR)

Progress in Nuclear Energy ◽

10.1016/j.pnucene.2012.06.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 135-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Reza Gholizadeh Aghoyeh ◽

Hossein Khalafi

Keyword(s):

Research Reactor ◽

Primary Loop ◽

Carbon 14 ◽

Tehran Research Reactor

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Expression of OsNHX1 gene in maize confers salt tolerance and promotes plant growth in the field

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2302-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 490-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. Chen ◽

Q.-J. Chen ◽

X.-G. Niu ◽

R. Zhang ◽

H.-Q. Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Proline Content ◽

Transgenic Maize ◽

R Genes ◽

Wild Type ◽

Embryogenic Calli ◽

Northern Blots ◽

Zea May ◽

Maize Plants

Maize yield is severely affected by soil salinity. In an effort to engineer maize for improved salt tolerance, embryogenic calli of maize were co-bombarded with plasmids containing Oryza sativa Na+/H+ antiporter gene (OsNHX1) and bar genes. For the molecular analysis of putative transgenic samples, PCR, Southern and Northern blots were carried out. The maize plants over-expressing OsNHX1 accumulated more biomass when grown in the presence of 200mM NaCl in greenhouse conditions. Higher Na+ and K+ content was observed in transgenic leaves than in wildtype leaves when treated with 100~200mM NaCl, while the osmotic potential and the proline content in transgenic leaves was lower than in wild-type maize. A field trial revealed that the transgenic maize plants produced higher grain yields than the wild-type plants at the vegetative growth stage. These results demonstrate that the OsNHX1 gene was successfully transferred into Zea mays, and the salt-tolerance of transgenic maize was improved by overexpression of the OsNHX1 gene.

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Doses de esterco de galinha e água disponível sob o desenvolvimento inicial do milho

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i5.4667 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Francisco Marto de Souza ◽

Ellen Caroline Santos Lima ◽

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Lauter Silva Souto ◽

Jonathan Estivens Soares Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Font Size ◽

Initial Development ◽

Available Water ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Soil Irrigation ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Corn Plants

Objetivou-se estudar o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de milho sob níveis de irrigação e doses de esterco de galinha. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de túnel plástico da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, Paraíba, no período de Dezembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. O arranjo dos tratamentos constituiu um fatorial 5 x 2, correspondentes a cinco doses de cama de frango e dois níveis de água disponível (AD) de 50 e 100% da CC, mantido após as irrigações do solo, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando as 40 unidades experimentais. O ensaio foi realizado em unidades experimentais compostas por vasos de 18 dm3 de capacidade, semeando manualmente quatro sementes por vaso. As plantas foram conduzidas por 20 dias após a semeadura, onde foram avaliadas quanto a emergência, o crescimento inicial e o acúmulo de massa seca. As doses de 8,4 e 8,5 t ha-1 promovem o maior crescimento das plantas de milho na fase inicial de crescimento. Não houve influência da água disponível e da interação água disponível e as doses de cama de frango sobre a emergência e crescimento da plantas de milho cultivar AG 051 durante os primeiros 20 após a semeadura. Doses of chicken manure and water available under the initial development of maizeAbstract<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;" lang="EN-US">: The objective was to study the initial development of corn plants under irrigation levels and doses of chicken manure. The experiment was carried out in plastic tunnel conditions of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal, Paraíba, from December 2014 to January 2015. The treatment arrangement consisted of a 5 x 2 factorial, corresponding to five doses of chicken litter and two levels of available water (AD) of 50 and 100% CC, maintained after soil irrigation with 10 treatments and four replications, Totaling the 40 experimental units. The experiment was carried out in experimental units composed of vessels of 18 dm3 capacity, manually seeding four seeds per pot. The plants were conducted for 20 days after sowing, where they were evaluated for emergence, initial growth and accumulation of dry mass. The doses of 8.4 and 8.5 t ha-1 promote the highest growth of maize plants in the initial phase of growth. There was no influence of available water and the interaction of available water and broiler litter doses on the emergence and growth of AG 051 maize plants during the first 20 years after sowing.Não houve influência da água disponível e da interação água disponível e as doses de cama de frango sobre a emergência e crescimento da plantas de milho cultivar AG 051 durante os primeiros 20 após a semeadura.

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