scholarly journals Maternal psychosocial factors related to duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding practices among rural women : the healthy moms and babies study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tonya Lynn Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
National Goal ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Self Confidence

Although many benefits of exclusive and long-term breastfeeding have been noted within research, rural populations continue to have rates that fall below the national goal for both exclusivity (25.5%) and duration (34.1%). Regardless, some women within this population are successful at breastfeeding both exclusively and for the recommended length of time. This study aimed at identifying pre-delivery psychosocial characteristics within a rural population that may be predictive of their breastfeeding exclusivity rates postpartum. A sample of 90 women in 27 rural counties completed instruments to measure self-esteem, breastfeeding self-confidence, partner/social support, depression, abuse and motivation during their third trimester of pregnancy and again around four months post-delivery. Mann-Whitney U, Fischer's exact test and Chi Square were used for analysis. Previous demographic findings associated with exclusivity were not supported within this sample, with age, income and educational level approaching but not achieving significance. Antenatal measurements of breastfeeding self-confidence and motivation were significantly associated with breastfeeding exclusivity. Women who were more confident in their ability to breastfeed and were more motivated were more likely to exclusively breastfeed through three months. The findings of this study may assist in developing future nursing interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes, as psychosocial characteristics are potentially modifiable.

Parental alienation: the impact on men’s mental health

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Parental alienation is defined as a mental state in which a child, usually one whose parents are engaged in a high-conflict separation or divorce, allies himself strongly with one parent (the preferred parent) and rejects a relationship with the other parent (the alienated parent) without legitimate justification. Parental alienation may affect men’s mental health: a) parental alienation negatively influences mental health of male children and adolescents who are victims of parental alienation. Alienated children/adolescents display guilt, sadness, and depressed mood; low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence; distress and frustration; lack of impulse control, substance abuse and delinquent behavior; separation anxiety, fears and phobias; hypochondria and increased tendency to develop psychosomatic illness; suicidal ideation and suicide attempt; sleep and eating disorders; educational problems; enuresis and encopresis; b) parental alienation negatively affects the mental health of adult men who were victims of parental alienation when they were children and/or adolescents. Long-term effects of parental alienation include low self-esteem, depression, drug/alcohol abuse, lack of trust, alienation from own children, divorce, problems with identity and not having a sense of belonging or roots, choosing not to have children to avoid being rejected by them, low achievement, anger and bitterness over the time lost with the alienated parent; c) parental alienation negatively influences mental health of men who are alienated from their children. Fathers who have lost some or all contact with their children for months or years following separation or divorce may be depressed and suicidal.

Distinct Clinical Syndromes Are Defined by ADAMTS13 Activity in Idiopathic TTP: Results of the SERF-TTP Study.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1320-1320
Author(s):  
Anaadriana Zakarija ◽  
Hau C. Kwaan ◽  
Nicholas Banderanko ◽  
Dilip K. Pandey ◽  
John F. Cursio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Adamts13 Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: The Surveillance, Epidemiology & Risk Factors for TTP (SERF-TTP) study is the largest prospective cohort of idiopathic TTP cases to date. Methods: Patients with first episode of idiopathic TTP were enrolled at 11 sites in the US. Exclusion criteria include solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplant, anti-neoplastic therapy or malignancy. All patients underwent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Remission is defined as platelet count >150,000/mm3. ADAMTS13 activity was measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay (FRETS-vWF73, Peptides Int.). ADAMTS13 inhibitor was assessed by ELISA (Technozym ADAMTS13 INH ELISA, Technoclone) and functional inhibition of normal ADAMTS13 activity (modified FRETS). Differences between the groups was evaluated by Chi-square test, t-test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Complete data is available for 57 cases. 84% were female & median age was 42. ADAMTS13 was severely deficient (<10%) in 53%, moderate (10–50%) in 8%, & normal (>50%) in 39%. Adverse events were frequent & most commonly include citrate toxicity and allergic reactions. Long-term followup was available for 56 patients, and overall relapse rate was 25% with median time to relapse of 11 months. The relapse rate was 41% in patients with severe ADAMST13 deficiency & 0% in patients with normal ADAMTS13 activity (p=0.0077). Conclusions: Severe ADAMTS13 deficiency does not define all cases of idiopathic TTP, yet is associated with a unique syndrome characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, normal renal function, presence of ADAMTS13 neutralizing autoantibodies & high risk of relapse. Non-ADAMTS13 deficient idiopathic TTP has clinical features similar to thrombotic microangiopathies associated with stem cell transplant or drugs such as quinine, yet has a better than expected overall survival after TPE. There is likely an alternate disease mechanism for this cohort, possibly immunologic, which may be responsive to TPE and warrants further study. ADAMTS13 < 10% n=30 ADAMTS13 > 50% n=22 p-value * t-test, ** Fisher’s Exact Test, # Chi-Square Test Presenting Labs Hemoglobin (mean) 8.5 9.2 0.22* Platelet count (mean x10^9/L) 19 57 <0.0005* Serum creatinine (mean) 1.33 3.9 0.0012* ADAMTS13 antibody (neutralizing & non-neutralizing) % 100 63.6 0.0004** ADAMTS13 neutralizing antibody % 83 35 .0003# Presenting Symptoms Neurologic symptoms present 45 52.4 0.23# Diarrhea 23 30.4 0.79# Infection 40 43.5 0.79# Past Medical History Connective Tissue Disease % 10 8.5 0.28# Family history of TTP % 0 4.6 0.11# Remission Labs Hemoglobin (mean) 12.2 8.5 0.16* Platelet count (mean x10^9/L)) 169 152 0.15* Serum creatinine (mean) 1.02 3.7 0.0009* Outcomes Therapy-related Adverse events % 71 55 0.24# Time (days) to remission (plt > 150,000) 9.7 9.2 0.89* Early remission (< 8 days) % 73 57 0.20# 30 day Exacerbation rate % 35 28 0.63# 30 day Survival % 96.6 90.0 0.56** Long-term Relapse % 41 0 0.0077**

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Resin-Based Composites in Posterior Restorations: 12-Month Results

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigdem Celik ◽  
Neslihan Arhun ◽  
Kivanc Yamanel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Usphs Criteria ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the 12 month clinical performances of two different posterior composites in Class I and Class II restorations.Methods: Thirty-one patients (10 male, 21 female) were recruited into the study. A total of 82 Class I and Class II cavities were restored with either a nanohybrid composite (Grandio) or a low-shrinkage composite (Quixfil), using their self etch adhesives (Futura Bond and Xeno III) according to manufacturers’ instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated 1 week after placement as baseline, and after 6 and 12 months post-operatively using modified USPHS criteria by two previously calibrated operators. Statistical analysis were performed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact Test (P<.05).Results: All patients attended the 12-month recall. Lack of retention was not observed in any of the restorations. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences were found between two restorative materials tested after 12 months (P>.05). None of the restorations had marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss on the 12 month follow-up. Restorations did not exhibit post-operative sensitivity at any evaluation period.Conclusions: Clinical assessment of nanohybrid (Grandio) and low-shrinkage posterior composite (Quixfil) exhibited good clinical results with predominating alpha scores after 12 months. However; further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performance of these materials. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:57-65)

Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: Results from the first WHO STEPS survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jeoffray Diendéré ◽  
Augustin Nawidimbasba Zéba ◽  
Sibraogo Kiemtoré ◽  
Olivier Ouahamin Sombié ◽  
Philippe Fayemendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Abstract Objective: To explore the relationships between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. Design: This was a cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the 2013 World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using Student’s t test, ANOVA, the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Setting: All 13 Burkinabè regions were categorized using quartiles of urbanization rates. Participants: The participants were 1730 rural women aged 25-64 years. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 16.0%, and 24.1% of participants experienced dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with dental problems were more frequently underweight (19.9% and 14.7%; p<0.05) and had a lower mean body mass index ([BMI] 21.1±3.2 and 21.6±3.7 kg/m2, p<0.01) than those without dental problems. More risk factors for underweight were observed in less urbanized regions among elderly individuals (>49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age >49 years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that were significantly associated with dental problems, while residency in a low-urbanization area was a protective factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinabè women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with dental problems are more frequently affected than those without dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49 years and smokeless tobacco users.

scholarly journals THE SHIFT FROM THE RURAL LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM TO A MOVEMENT IN JAPAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Kazuko Tatsumi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Improvement

Rural communities have long endured poverty, and they continue to tackle the problems of depopulation, a declining birth rate, and an aging population in Japan. Some rural communities face a crisis of survival. The question of this study are how sustainable communities in rural areas are being created. This study examine the process by which rural women have transformed the Livelihood Improvement Program (LIP) into a movement. The process was to expand rural women’s activities to enable them to play an active role in their family, women’s groups, and their community. This expansion reflects the effects of the LIP in rural areas. The LIP was started by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Japan in 1948 to develop self- reliant farmers. The women tried to find solutions to their problems using LIP approaches including problem-solving and the three-by-five cognitive method in group discussions. The LIP was a long-term program and officially ended in 2004. However, the LIP has been continued as a movement for the sustainable development of their community by the women. This study focuses on a case study at the community level involving an update of the LIP program in Yamaguchi Prefecture. The analysis is based on a literature review, secondary and historical data, and fieldwork carried out between 2004 and 2020. From a medium- to long-term viewpoint, their self-confidence improved and they became self-reliant famers. Now women in the older generations are creating employment opportunities through community businesses so that the younger generations may choose to remain in the rural areas in the future. There has been an increasing tendency for young people who moved to the cities to study or work to return to their hometowns. This study found that the most important aspects in susutainable community development are people’s initiative, identity, and pride.

scholarly journals Prosztatarákkal diagnosztizált betegek egészségmagatartásának vizsgálata

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (10) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Brigitta Szabó ◽  
Zsuzsanna Kívés ◽  
Orsolya Máté ◽  
Éva Polyák ◽  
Henriette Pusztafalvi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Urologic Diseases ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A férfiakat érintő egyik leggyakoribb malignus ráktípus a prosztatarák. A Nemzeti Rákregiszter adatai alapján hazánkban évente több mint 4600 új eset kerül diagnosztizálásra. Célkitűzés: A rákbetegek pszichoszociális háttere napjainkig alulvizsgált terület Magyarországon. A szerzők célja a magyar prosztatarákos férfiak szociodemográfiai, egészségi, mentális állapotának vizsgálata volt. Módszer: A vizsgálatban 100 prosztatarákos férfi vett részt, akiknek más urológiai betegsége nem volt, továbbá más daganatos betegségből kifolyó kezelésben nem részesültek a kérdőív kitöltésekor. A részvétel anonim és önkéntes volt. A standard validált tesztek mellett – mint a Beck Depresszió Kérdőív, Rosenberg Önértékelés Skála – szociodemográfiai, egészségmagatartás- és életmód-kérdéscsoportokat tartalmazott kérdőívünk. Statisztikai analízis: Leíró statisztikát, khi-négyzet-próbát, lineáris regresszió analízist, Fisher-egzakt tesztet, kétmintás t-próbát végeztünk 95%-os valószínűségi szinten az SPSS 20.0 és a Microsoft Excel 2016-os programban. Eredmények: Az egészségi állapotot a lakhely településcsoportja (p = 0,024), az anyagi helyzet (p = 0,001), a krónikus betegség (p = 0,000), a fizikai aktivitás (p = 0,000) és az alkoholfogyasztás (p = 0,001) befolyásolta. A társas támogatás (p = 0,726) ellenben nem bizonyult befolyásoló tényezőnek. A megkérdezettek 66%-a volt elhízott a BMI alapján. Helyesen csupán a megkérdezettek egyharmada táplálkozott a ma érvényes MDOSZ-ajánlás alapján. 62%-uk enyhén depressziósnak volt mondható a Beck Depresszió Kérdőív alapján, 73%-uk önértékelése azonban a Rosenberg Önértékelés Skála alapján átlagosnak volt mondható. Az életkorral nem nőtt sem a Depresszió Kérdőív pontszáma, sem az Önértékelés Skála pontszáma. Következtetés: Eredményeink alátámasztják, amit a hazai és a külföldi szakirodalom is mutat: az egészséget befolyásoló tényezőknek meghatározó szerepük van a daganatos megbetegedéssel élőknél is. A depresszió és az önértékelés közti összefüggés nem igazolódott a mintánkban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(10): 383–391. Summary. Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers amongst men. More than 4600 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year in Hungary. Objective: The psychosocial background of cancer patients is an underexamined area in Hungary. The aim of the authors was to obtain information on the sociodemographic status, health and mental status of Hungarian men with prostate cancer. Method: 100 prostate cancer patiens were included in the study who did not have any urologic diseases and did not go under any therapy due to any other type of cancer. The applied questionnaire was put together by the authors about sociodemographic and health status, lifestyle. The Beck’s Depression Inventory and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were also used. Statistical analysis: We used descriptive statistics, chi-square test, linear regression, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-sample test on a 95% probability level in the SPSS 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016 softwers. Results: The settlement classification (p = 0.024), financial status (p = 0.001), chronic illnesses (p = 0.000), physical activity (p = 0.000) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.001) affected the health status. Only one third of the respondents ate healthy according to the recommendations of the MDOSZ. 66% of the respondents were overweight. 62% of the respondents were depressed according to the Beck’s Depression Inventory, however, 73% of them had average self-esteem measured by the Rosenberg Scale. We proved that with age either the depression score or the self-esteem score did not increase. Conclusion: Our results roughly mirror the national and international literature about health behavior. No connection was found between self-esteem and depression. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(10): 383–391.

Long Term Unemployment and Rehabilitation Counselling: Problems Faced and Competencies Required

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda R. Matthews ◽  
Trevor Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Sydney Australia

The impact of long-term unemployment is not confined to the vocational sphere but also includes a psychosocial component. Many who are out of work for long periods of time not only report deskilling but also lack of support, poor self esteem and low self confidence. This paper examines some of these issues by reference to both the Australian government's ‘Working Nation’ paper on unemployment and research carried out with 77 unemployed persons in Sydney, Australia. While it is not unusual for rehabilitation counsellors to receive referrals of people with disabilities who have been unemployed for considerable periods, contact with the general long-term unemployed population has been less common. The rehabilitation counselling profession is closely examined in terms of the degree to which its skill and knowledge base matches the needs profile of this general unemployed population. Rehabilitation counselling was found to be an appropriate profession to deal with the complex mix of vocational and psychosocial issues confronted by persons who have remained unemployed for long periods of time.

scholarly journals Avaliação cognitiva de idosos em instituições de longa permanência: estudo transversal

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Vivian Carla de Castro ◽  
Celmira Lange ◽  
Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera ◽  
Eraldo Schunk Silva ◽  
Lígia Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
State Examination

Aim:  To  evaluate  the  cognition  of  elderly  residents  in  long-term institutions and the association of cognitive status to sociodemographic variables and the domain  of  the  Mini  Mental  State  Examination  (MMSE).  Method:  This  is  a  descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Data were collected from 161 elderly, using the MMSE, between January and March 2013 and were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney  tests.  Results:  39.8%  of  the  elderly  had  cognitive  impairment,  and  worse cognitive performance occurred in females. The domains of the MMSE had a statistically significant  association  with cognitive  decline,  and  orientation,  attention,  and  calculation and  evoked  memory  had  greater  influence  on  the  presence  of  cognitive  impairment. Conclusion:  MMSE  is  a  practical  tool  for  cognitive  evaluation  of  the  elderly,  and  it  can guide nursing interventions in order to foster standardization of the goals to be achieved in the attention to the institutionalized elderly.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

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