scholarly journals The Role of the P2Y2 Nucleotide Receptor in Salivary Gland Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid G. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Nucleotide Receptor ◽  
Salivary Gland Regeneration

scholarly journals The role of the P2X7 nucleotide receptor in salivary gland inflammation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Nucleotide Receptor ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
P2x7r Activation

Salivary gland inflammation is a hallmark of Sjogren's syndrome (SS), a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and the consequent impairment of the salivary gland and loss of saliva secretion, predominantly in women. The current therapeutic management of SS is relatively ineffective and does not address the underlying inflammatory processes contributing to the pathology of SS. In this study, two novel therapeutic approaches were evaluated to limit salivary gland inflammation and improve secretory function, i.e., antagonism of the P2X7 nucleotide receptor (P2X7R), which prevents salivary gland inflammation and activation of the P2Y[subscript2] nucleotide receptor (P2Y[subscript2]R) which stimulates the regeneration of damaged salivary glands. The P2X7R is an ATP-gated non-selective cation channel that regulates inflammatory responses in cells and tissues, including salivary gland epithelium. The P2X7R contributes to the pathology of a variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. In immune cells, P2X7R activation induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1[beta] and IL-18, by inducing the oligomerization of the multiprotein complex NLRP3-type inflammasome. This study (Chapter II) sheds light on the role of the P2X7R in salivary gland inflammation and hyposalivation. Our results show that in primary mouse submandibular gland (SMG) epithelial cells, P2X7R activation induces the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the maturation and release of IL-1[beta], responses that are absent in SMG cells isolated from mice devoid of P2X7Rs (P2X7R[superscript-/-]). P2X7R-mediated IL-1[beta] release in SMG epithelial cells is dependent on downhill transmembrane Na[superscript+] and/or K[superscript+] fluxes, the activation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a protein required for the activation and stabilization of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the generation of mitochondrial ROS. In vivo administration of the P2X7R antagonist A438079 in the CD28[superscript-/-], IFN[superscript][superscript-/-], NOD.H-2[superscripth4] mouse model of salivary gland exocrinopathy ameliorated salivary gland inflammation and enhanced carbachol-induced saliva secretion. These findings demonstrate that P2X7R antagonism in vivo represents a promising therapeutic strategy to limit salivary gland inflammation and improve secretory function. The P2Y[subscript2]R, a G protein-coupled receptor equipotently activated by ATP and UTP, is upregulated in a variety of tissues, including salivary gland epithelium, in response to injury or stress and is proposed to play a role in tissue regeneration. The results indicated that P2Y2R activation with UTP enhances the migration, aggregation and self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells forming spheres that display characteristics similar to differentiated acini in salivary glands. One of the consequences of the chronic inflammatory disease SS is the fibrosis of the salivary gland. The role of transforming growth factor- [beta] (TGF-[beta]) is well established in the fibrosis and regeneration of various organs, including the liver, lung and kidney. In this study, results with a submandibular gland (SMG) duct ligation-induced mouse model of fibrosis indicated that 7 days of SMG duct ligation resulted in upregulation of TGF-β signaling components which correlated with the upregulation of the fibrosis markers collagen 1 and fibronectin, responses that were inhibited by administration of the TGF-[beta] receptor 1 inhibitors. These results suggest that TGF-[beta] signaling contributes to duct ligation-induced changes in salivary epithelium that correlate with glandular fibrosis.

Role of radiotherapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland

Oral Oncology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hosokawa ◽  
H Shirato ◽  
K Kagei ◽  
S Hashimoto ◽  
T Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

The aminergic and peptidergic innervation of insect salivary glands

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (14) ◽  
pp. 1941-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ali
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Stomatogastric Nervous System ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Aminergic Innervation ◽  
Peptidergic Innervation

Insect salivary glands are glands associated with nutrient intake whose secretions are generally involved in the digestion and lubrication of food. They are under the control of neuroactive substances and may be innervated from several sources including the suboesophageal ganglion, the stomatogastric nervous system and the unpaired median nerves. Both amines and peptides have been suggested to play roles in the control of insect salivation, as indicated by their association with terminals on salivary glands, their effects in salivary gland bioassays and their ability to alter second messenger levels and ion channel conformations. Serotonin and dopamine appear to be the most prominent amines associated with insect salivary glands. Either one or both of these amines are found associated with the salivary glands of the locust, stick insect, cockroach, cricket, dragonfly, mosquito, adult moth and kissing bug. Their roles, although not fully elucidated, appear to be in the control of salivary secretion. Several peptides, including members of the FMRFamide-related family of peptides, are also found associated with insect salivary glands. Sources of peptidergic innervation are as varied as those for aminergic innervation, but information regarding the physiological role of these peptides is lacking. The relevance of the different levels of complexity of salivary gland innervation, which range from the absence of innervation in some species (blowfly) to the presence of several distinct sources in others (locust, cockroach), is not well understood. This review serves to consolidate what is known of the phenotype of salivary neurones in relation to the control of salivation.

scholarly journals 06-P040 The role of Eda signalling in salivary gland development

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. S131-S132
Author(s):  
Kirsty Wells ◽  
Denis Headon ◽  
Abigail Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

Defining the Role of Myoepithelium in Salivary Gland Neoplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan T Savera ◽  
Richard J Zarbo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document