scholarly journals The assessment of HIV knowledge and attitudes towards caring for HIV/AIDS patients among senior nursing students in baccalaureate programs in the United States of America and Thailand

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wunvimul Benjakul
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Baccalaureate Programs ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Disparities in HIV knowledge and attitudes toward biomedical interventions among the non-medical HIV workforce in the United States

AIDS Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1576-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raniyah M. Copeland ◽  
Phill Wilson ◽  
Gabriela Betancourt ◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Murray Penner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Biomedical Interventions

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Patient Isolates Identifies a Novel TOR Regulatory Pathway in Cryptococcal Virulence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Dong Park ◽  
Joseph N. Jarvis ◽  
Guowu Hu ◽  
Sarah E. Davis ◽  
Jin Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Enhancer Element ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractHuman infection withCryptococcuscauses up to a quarter million AIDS-related deaths annually and is the most common cause of non-viral meningitis in the United States. As an opportunistic fungal pathogen,C. neoformansis distinguished by its ability to adapt to diverse host environments including plants, amoeba and mammals. In the present study, comparative transcriptomics of the fungus within human cerebrospinal fluid identified expression profiles representative of low-nutrient adaptive responses. Transcriptomics of fungal isolates from a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients identified a low nutrient-induced gene, an alternative carbon nutrient transporterSTL1associated with poor early fungicidal activity, an important clinical prognostic marker. Mouse modeling and pathway analysis demonstrated a role forSTL1in mammalian pathogenesis and revealed thatSTL1expression is regulated by a novel target-of-rapamycin (TOR)-related multi-gene regulatory mechanism involving theCAC2subunit of the chromatin assembly complex 1, CAF-1. In this pathway, the TOR-related RNA chaperone,VAD1was found to transcriptionally regulate a cryptococcal homolog of a cytosolic protein Ecm15, in turn, required for nuclear transport of the Cac2 protein. Derepression ofSTL1by theCAC2-containing CAF-1 complex was mediated by Cac2 and modulated binding and suppression of theSTL1enhancer element. Derepression ofSTL1resulted in enhanced survival and growth of the fungus in the presence of low nutrient, alternative carbon sources, facilitating virulence in mice. The study underscores the utility of ex vivo expression profiling of fungal clinical isolates and provides fundamental genetic understanding of saprophyte adaption to the human host.Author summaryThe fungusCryptococcusis a fungal pathogen that kills an estimated quarter of a million individuals yearly and is the most common cause of meningitis in the United States. The fungus is carried in about 10% of the adult population and, after re-activation, causes disease in a wide variety of individuals including HIV-infected as well as immunosuppression either from genetic defects or after immune suppressive treatments due to transplant conditioning, cancer therapy or treatment of autoimmune diseases. The fungus is widely carried in the soil and trees and can infect plants, single cell organisms and even dolphins. However, mechanisms for this widespread ability to infect a variety of hosts are poorly understood. The present study identified adaptation to low nutrients as a key property that allows the fungus to infect these diverse hosts and identified a nutrient transporter,STL1to be associated with a marker of poor clinical outcome in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients. Understanding molecular mechanisms involved in environmental adaptation may help to design better methods of control and treatment of widely dispersed fungal pathogens such asCryptococcus.

scholarly journals Comparing the awareness of and beliefs in sexually transmitted infections among university students in Madagascar and the United States of America

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Reuter ◽  
Shannon McGinnis ◽  
Kim E. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
American University ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Aids

Young adults have a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than other age groups. This risk may be mediated by their social and cultural setting which can impact young adults’ awareness of, beliefs in, and risk of contracting STIs (including HIV/AIDS). In order to understand how these factors vary among young adults of different cultures, it is important to study these issues on a cross-cultural scale. This study aimed to increase understanding of the relationship between the culture of a place of study and: (1) STI awareness; (2) belief in STIs; and (3) self-reported STI prevalence in the study population. Survey data were collected from university students in Madagascar (n = 242 surveys in 2013) and the United States of America (n = 199 surveys in 2015). Compared to students at the American university, students at the Malagasy university: (1) did not appear to have a conclusively lower awareness of STIs; (2) did not differ in rates of belief in the existence of gonorrhea and syphilis, but had higher rates of disbelief in HIV/AIDS; and (3) were more likely to report having been infected with syphilis and gonorrhea, but not with HIV/AIDS. Students at the Malagasy university also listed different reasons than the students at the American university for why they believed in the existence of STIs. These findings highlight the need for further cross-cultural research to better adapt intervention strategies to different cultural settings.

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