scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants and Spatial Convergence of Biological Well-being: The Case of Physical Stature in Colombia, 1920-1990

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Meisel-Roca ◽  
Maria Teresa Ramirez-Giraldo ◽  
Daniela Santos-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Spatial Convergence ◽  
Physical Stature

Spatial Convergence in Height in Central Europe, 1890-1910

2009 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Marek Brabec ◽  
John Komlos
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
Spatial Convergence ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peripheral Areas

We examine spatial convergence in biological well-being in the Habsburg Monarchy, circa 1890-1910, on the basis of evidence of the physical stature of 21-year-old military recruits, disaggregated into 15 Districts. We find that the shorter the population in 1890, the faster its height grew thereafter. Hence, there was convergence in physical stature between the peripheral areas of the monarchy (located in today’s Poland/Ukraine, Romania, and Slovakia) and its core (located in today’s Austria, Czech Republic, and Hungary). The difference in trends between the trend in height in the Polish District of Przemysl and in Vienna was about 0.9 cm per decade, in favor of the former. Convergence among the core Districts themselves was minimal or non-existent, whereas the convergence among the peripheral Districts was more pronounced. Spatial convergence also took place between the peripheral regions and the more developed ones. The pattern is somewhat reminiscent of modern findings on convergence clubs in the global economy.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND SPATIAL CONVERGENCE OF BIOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: THE CASE OF COLOMBIA, 1920–1990

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Meisel-Roca ◽  
María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo ◽  
Daniela Santos-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Spatial Convergence ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between the physical stature of Colombians born during the 20thcentury and several socio-economic and demographic variables. Using a dataset of more than 225,000 individuals built with information from judicial background certificates, we found a sustained growth of the average height of women and men during the 20thcentury. The results show significant differences in stature according to gender, level of education, occupation, and place and date of birth. Similarly, health conditions and access to aqueducts significantly affect height. We found that departmental average height disparities decreased and the gap across regions closed throughout the century.

scholarly journals SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A CASE OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Chioma Patricia Adekunle ◽  
◽  
Augustine Adebayo Kutu ◽  
David Alaba Alori ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants

This study examines the socioeconomic determinants of women’s empowerment or bargaining power among married couples living in farm households in Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique is employed to collect cross-sectional data from 320 farm households aged between 15 to 50 years. Women’s empowerment or bargaining power is measured using 18 questions, and a Tobit regression model is used to analyze all the variables employed. According to the findings, husbands have five more years of formal education than wives and literacy rates are higher for men (62%) than for women (30%). This differenceleads to more decision-making power for men. The result shows that there is a visible gender disparity in the worth and value of assets brought into the marriage, with the men bringing around 34% while that of the women is around 3% making men the main decision-makers and women less empowered. As a policy recommendation, women’s status in society should be enhanced through investment in education and well-being. Additionally, policies and programs aimed at leveraging the bargaining power of the woman in her attempts to make decisions in the household and increasing her empowerment should be formulated and implemented by policymakers.

New Approaches to Old Problems: The Well-Being of the Population of Russia from 1821 to 1910 as Measured by Physical Stature

Slavic Review ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris N. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conditions Of Work

Scholars generally agree on the relationship between the physical stature, or height, of children and adults, and their quality of life, or their biological status, including diet, illnesses, intensity and conditions of work, availability of medical care, living conditions, psychological well-being, climate, water, air, and other environmental factors that have impinged on their lives prior to the point at which their height is measured. Genetic factors have an important effect on individual height, but genetic distinctions lose their significance when masses of individuals are measured and average heights are compared. The same effect holds at the level of entire populations: differences in height are determined, not by ethnic or racial attributes, but by living conditions.

Nutrition and Economic Development in Post-Reconstruction South Carolina

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-115
Author(s):  
Peter A. Coclanis ◽  
John Komlos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Physical Stature

The determination of anthropometric historians to unearth the broad patterns of human biological well-being is now too well known to need reiteration. From Richard Steckel's exploratory essays, which could be taken as the launching manifesto of the discipline, to the most recent publications, many hundreds of thousands of records from nearly all continents of the globe have been examined (Mascie-Taylor 1991; Steckel 1979). All of this effort notwithstanding, we are still in the initial phases of this research program, with many important features of the agenda remaining unsettled (Floud, Wachter, and Gregory 1990; Fogel 1993; Komlos 1989; Mokyr and O'Grada 1988). One such question is related to the most startling discovery to date, namely, that as part of its adaptability to its socioeconomic environment, human physical stature has undergone cyclical fluctuations during the course of the last quarter of a millennium (Fogel 1986; Komlos 1987,1994a, 1994b; Nicholas and Oxley 1993).

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of indicators that determine the effectiveness of the implementation of socio-economic determinants of health in Europe and Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Alla Kotvitska ◽  
Alina Volkova ◽  
Iuliia Korzh ◽  
Iryna Surikova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Key Indicators

The introduction of national strategies aimed at improving the well-being of the population of the country is one of the current approaches to reforming the public policies of the countries of the world. It is the socioeconomic determinants of health that determine the conditions in which people are born, grow, live and getting old, as well as the spheres of influence on these conditions, such as public policy, state of economic development, demographic trends, etc. The aim. In this way, our research has focused on a comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators that determine the effectiveness of socioeconomic determinants of healthсare in Europe and Ukraine, that are used to provide scientific justification for the construction of humanistic models for the provision of pharmaceutical care to the population in the context of the rapid stratification of Ukrainian society according to socioeconomic indicators. Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on the principles of systems analysis and an interdisciplinary scientific and systemic approach. The study used the empirical method, the method of comparative analysis and synthesis of statistical data, the graphical method. Results. A comparative analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of health in the countries of the European region and in Ukraine was carried out on three levels of indicators: the level of health-care expenditure, the structure of health-care expenditure and expenditure on medicines. The analysis revealed that in 2019, the average health expenditure of the countries analyzed was 8.2 % of GDP. Only two of the 34 countries - Ukraine and Turkey - have a rate below the 5 % that recommended by WHO. Public health financing schemes and compulsory health insurance are the main funding mechanisms in all countries, with the exception of Cyprus. Ukraine, Russia, Greece, Latvia and Bulgaria have the largest share of direct costs to patients as a source of health care financing. The results of the analysis of the medicine expenditure indicator as a proportion of total health expenditure showed that the highest level was in Bulgaria (35.4 %), the lowest in Denmark (6.4 %). Overall, five countries have high levels of pharmaceutical expenditures. In most European countries, the cost of purchasing medicines has been found to range from 346 to 619 USD per person per year. The highest value of this indicator from the European region is in Switzerland (894 USD per person), and the lowest is in Ukraine (73 USD). Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the countries were grouped according to key indicators into three categories - high, medium and low. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of key indicators of the socio-economic determinants of health in the country of the European region has been carried out

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

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