Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences

10.32441/kjps ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences

Comparative Study of Valency-Based Topological Indices for Tetrahedral Sheets of Clay Minerals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Raza ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Asim ◽  
Muhammad Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Topological Indices ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Chemical Graphs ◽  
Degree Of A Vertex ◽  
Long Time

: Intercapillary research in mathematics and other pure sciences areas has always helped humanity quantify natural phenomena. This article also contributes to which valency-based topological indices are implemented on tetrahedral sheets of clay minerals. These indices have been used for a long time and are considered the most powerful tools to quantify chemical graphs. The atoms in the chemical compound and the bonds between the atoms are depicted as the graph’s vertices and edges, respectively. The valency (or degree) of a vertex in a graph is the number of edges incident to that vertex. In this article, various degree-based indices and their modifications are determined to check each types’ significance.

scholarly journals Educational Challenges of Molecular Life Science: Characteristics and Implications for Education and Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena A.E. Tibell ◽  
Carl-Johan Rundgren
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Starting Point

Molecular life science is one of the fastest-growing fields of scientific and technical innovation, and biotechnology has profound effects on many aspects of daily life—often with deep, ethical dimensions. At the same time, the content is inherently complex, highly abstract, and deeply rooted in diverse disciplines ranging from “pure sciences,” such as math, chemistry, and physics, through “applied sciences,” such as medicine and agriculture, to subjects that are traditionally within the remit of humanities, notably philosophy and ethics. Together, these features pose diverse, important, and exciting challenges for tomorrow's teachers and educational establishments. With backgrounds in molecular life science research and secondary life science teaching, we (Tibell and Rundgren, respectively) bring different experiences, perspectives, concerns, and awareness of these issues. Taking the nature of the discipline as a starting point, we highlight important facets of molecular life science that are both characteristic of the domain and challenging for learning and education. Of these challenges, we focus most detail on content, reasoning difficulties, and communication issues. We also discuss implications for education research and teaching in the molecular life sciences.

Funding for Social Science Research: Government Sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gayithri ◽  
Indrajit Bairagya
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Pure Science

This chapter aims at ascertaining the flows and priorities in accessing funds by various institutions involved in SSR in India from government sources. The analysis is mainly based on the data collected from the various ministries, Councils, etc. The study found that the share of expenditure on social science research (SSR) as percentage of total union budget of the central government was 0.025 per cent whereas it was 0.86 percent for pure science research. The share of SSR budget to GDP at market price for the year 2010–11 was 0.0062 per cent whereas it was 0.21 per cent in pure sciences. While estimating the demand supply gap, the study found that supply of funds to SSR is much less than requirement.

scholarly journals Poetry as Knowing

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Folkart
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
Mediated Contact

Abstract Poetry as Knowing — Like the pure sciences, poetry is first and foremost a cognitive instrument, one of the most rigorous modes of knowing that exist. Everything about it is shaped by the search for insight, or even truth. Poets are no more in the business of "making pretty" than molecular biologists or computer nerds; they put us into un-mediated contact with the grid of the world, force us to dig deeper than ever before into the amorphous business of being. This they do by "making it new". Poetry is a "counter idiomatic" practise, one that grates against the words of the tribe, its received ideas and its verities. And "form" — whether "free" or forged out of constraints — plays an all-important part in making it new for us. Form is decorative only to the illiterate. For the competent receiver, it is acutely, intensely functional. By giving it form, making it new, forcing us out of the lexicalized varieties that have gone stale on us, poetry makes us feel our way to new truths, or to a gut knowledge of old ones. Hence the maïeutic function of poetry. The very fact that poetry is so intolerant of the already-said is what explains the irreplicability or what Berman referred to as la lettre and makes the poem refractory to translation. Yet, most practitioners conceive of translation as a way of replicating what's already there. It's hard to imagine a more anti-poetic stance.

Dental Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Longridge ◽  
Pete Clarke ◽  
Raheel Aftab ◽  
Tariq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Hardening Material ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Adhesive Dentistry ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Material Sciences

Dental material science can be a daunting subject for most dentists, given its origins in the pure sciences of physics and chemistry. Combining this with human biology, and trying to see through the fog of material manu­facturers’ commercial claims, can make it seem like a truly mystifying subject. It is important that any student of material sciences maintains a critical eye and an evidence- based approach when it comes to material selection and use. Today we are lucky enough to work with the most advanced dental materials we have ever had. But simply having such materials at your dis­posal does not ensure success. Clinical procedural techniques are often the prime focus in restorative dentistry; however, to achieve optimal aesthetics, function, and longevity from restorations, a clear under­standing of material sciences is required. Ancient Roman engineers clearly understood this concept when con­structing Rome. They had to work within the limitations imposed by the materials they had at their disposal. However, the longevity and solidity of the impressive infrastructure we see today can be attributed to their expertise in exploiting the unique properties of the material resources they had available. The Romans perfected concrete production (based on volcanic ash and lime reacting with seawater to form tobermorite crystals) to yield a water- hardening material, so durable and resistant to cracks that modern- day concrete (based on Portland cement) is still considered weaker. It can be argued whether operator skill or advancements in dental ma­terials have resulted in improvements in restorative dentistry. However, few would disagree that it is the combination of good operator skill and appropriate use of dental materials that is the key for successful long-term dentistry. Key topics include: ● Adhesive dentistry concepts ● Understanding material physical properties ● Elemental make- up of materials ● Manufacturing processing of materials ● Biocompatibility ● Appreciation of setting reactions and working time ● Appreciation of material aesthetic and optical properties.

Three Concepts of Fabric Statistics (Curie 1884, Schmidt 1925, and Niggli 1948) and Their Modifications and Elaborations, A Historical Discussion

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Martin Kirchmayer ◽  
F. Germany
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
General Symmetry ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Fabric Diagrams ◽  
Universal Stage ◽  
The U.S

There are three concepts of fabric statistics: (1) the NEUMANN-MINNIGERODE-CURIE (1884) concept; actually Curie originated the fabric models, based on crystallographic elements of the cause-symmetry, media-symmetry, and effect-symmetry. (2) the SCHMIDT (1925) or SANDER (1930) concept classifies fabric diagrams keyed to rock types and to the kind of deformation, and is based on 5 types of tectonites. (3) the NIGGLI (1948) concept, a general symmetry concept, referring to morphology, which can be applied to all media in the entire field of natural and pure sciences. All three concepts are typically European. In the 1920's and 1930's some American researchers travelled to Europe to study the techniques of fabric statistics. Among them was Haff (1938) who holds the American priority. Today universal stage research is not very common in the U.S.; instead, macrofabrics are studied by geological compass. In the application of the Schmidt-Sander concept to geological environments, Rueger (1928) of Heidelberg holds the priority. This paper compares the three concepts, and deals with their developments and elaborations in Europe, in regard to their use in a precise 3-dimensional way, on a thin section scale.

The Edge of Social Science

1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Starr
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Moral Convictions

The author, seeking to define what is special about social science,finds its dustinctiveness in its questions and aims rather than its methods. He argues that precisely because social science is different in its concerns from other modes of social thought, it does not constitute a complete or a sufficient education about society. The essay begins with a comparison of idealized conceptions of social science and social criticism. It then considers self-conscious attempts to combine science and criticism in Marxism and policy research and examines ways in which science becomes a form of criticism. It argues that while science must be critical, criticism itself can never be a science. Next it explores the dialectic between attacks on the legitimacy of social science and efforts within social science to defend it by mimicking the pure sciences. It concludes by rejecting the positivst movement to reduce the social studies to social science and expel moral concerns, arguing that in practice moral convictions and objective understanding are not only compatible, but necessary complements of each other. While the essay directly concerns social science, much of it is equally pertinent to education.

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