scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF MORTALITY IN CHILDREN WITH WILMS’ TUMOR AT SOETOMO HOSPITAL SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Christina Shanty ◽  
Sherly Yuniarchan ◽  
Mia Ratwita Andarsini ◽  
I Dewa Gede Ugrasena ◽  
Bambang Permono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Objective: Wilms’ tumor is the most common childhood renal tumor for about 6% of pediatric malignant disease. The 5-year survival rate in United States increased from approximately from 70% (1970-1973) to 92% (1989-1996). This study was aim to analyze the risk factors of mortality in children with Wilms’ tumor. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with Wilms’ tumor at Soetomo Hospital during 2006-2011. The data of demographic, clinical profile, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate, histological type, disease stage, metastases and relapse were analyzed as risk factors of mortality using logistic regression. Results: There were 37 Wilms’ tumor children and 5 children were excluded because of incomplete data. The mean age was 3.0 (SD 2.6) years, and male-to-female ratio was 2.5 : 1. There were 5/32 children in stage I, 7/32 children in stage II, 8/32 children in stage III, 11/32 children in stage IV, and 1/32 children in stage V. There were 15/32 children underwent operation. Complete remission occurred in 12/32 children and 1/32 children relapsed. There were 20/32 children died, associated with anemia (P=0.033, OR=6.111, 95% CI=1.056-35.352) and advanced stage (P=0.021, OR=8.000, 95% CI=1.575-40.632). The risk of mortality increased 3.284 folds with every increased stage (P=0.007, 95% CI=1.338-7.775). Conclusion: Disease stage is the significant risk factor of mortality in children with Wilms’ tumor.  

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among adults in selected slums of Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
K. Kokila ◽  
K. Chellavel Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Population

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent epidemic. The true prevalence of CKD with in a population are very difficult to estimate, since early to moderate CKD were usually asymptomatic. ESRD in the consequence of CKD is one of the most expensive diseases to treat.Only way is to prevent it and Hence this was conducted to estimate the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among adults in selected slums of Chennai.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done from May 2013 to June 2014 in selected slums of Chennai. The study population includes adult males and females. Multi stage sampling method used. Sample size covered was 400. A semi structured questionnaire used as tool. Based on the serum creatinine eGFR calculated using modified MDRD study equation and CKD prevalence was identified. The data was entered in MS excel and analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: Total of 400 participants involved. Females were predominant in the study. Among them, 67 (16.8%) were diagnosed as CKD patients and Stage 1, 4.0% had stage 2, 3.6% had stage 3, 1.3% had stage 4 and 0.5% had stage 5 at the time of diagnosis.Conclusions: This study revealed prevalence of CKD among slum population was 16.8%. This study showed that old age, uncontrolled hypertension, uneducated, Diabetes with poor control, overuse of analgesics, H/o smoking, obesity, alcoholism, passive smoking, family H/o CKD and proteinuria were significant risk factor for CKD among study subjects. Slum population with risk factors should be regularly screened for CKD.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Siwila ◽  
Annette Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Intestinal parasitic infections are common among children worldwide. This study was aimed at determining risk factors for infection with soil transmitted helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis, among children in preschools. The study was in two parts: a cross-sectional study in which data were collected from 403 children from 10 preschools and a longitudinal study in which 100 children from four preschools from the previous 10 were selected. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 12.0%, while that of hookworm was 8.3%. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis was 28.0% and 29.0%, respectively. Low education level of parent/guardian was a significant risk factor for A. lumbricoides (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.02–5.41; P=0.04), while roofing types other than corrugated iron sheets were found to be protective for G. duodenalis infection in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (multivariate: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; P=0.04). Low socioeconomic level was found to be protective for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.99; P=0.04). In the longitudinal study, none of the factors were associated with either infection. These findings may have implications for other preschools in other districts in Zambia.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia: a pr

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nila Kusumasari ◽  
Rinawati Rohsiswatmo ◽  
Djajadiman Gatot ◽  
Darlan Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Background Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality in the neonatal period. Hemorrhagic manifestations are found in 10% cases of thrombocytopenia. Neonatal thrombocytopenia commonly assumed due to sepsis, despite many risk factors that may caused thrombocytopenia.Objective To obtain incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2009. Complete blood counts investigation was performed before age of 24 hours, medical conditions and risk factors of mothers and subjects were noted, as well as hemorrhagic manifestations. Subjects with thrombocytopenia were followed for 2 weeks. The risk factors consisted of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal infection, asphyxia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.Results Neonatal thrombocytopenia was found 17 (12.1%) of 140 subjects, consisted of 88.2% early onset and 11.8% late onset. Significant risk factor of mother was pre-eclampsia (PR 3.97, 95%CI 1.70 to 9.25), while significant risk factors of neonates were asphyxia (PR 5.66, 95%CI 2.49 to 12.86), sepsis (PR 5.33, 95%CI 2.33-12.19) and necrotizing enterocolitis (p=0.014; PR 9.2 95% CI 5.17 to14.84). We found 29.4% hemorrhagic cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia (i.e.,. skin, gastrointestinal, intracranial hemorrhage).Conclusions The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 12.2%. Significant risk factor of mother that caused thrombocytopenia was pre-eclampsia, while risk factors of neonates were asphyxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.[Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:31-7].

scholarly journals Evaluation of individual awareness of diabetes, related risk factors and complications in urban and rural people of Noakhali region, Bangladesh: a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Md Khorshed Alam ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Abhijit Das ◽  
Palash Karmakar ◽  
Pankaj Chandra Debnath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Secondary Study ◽  
The Individual

This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the individual awareness, related risk factors and complications of diabetes with socio-demographic profiles of the study individuals in Noakhali region, Bangladesh during June to December, 2013. A total 250 participants were selected randomly and data were collected using structured questionnaire. Among the respondents 47.20% were found male and 52.80% were female and majorities (52.00%) of the respondents were urban people. Respondents completed secondary study level or below were the dominant group. 9.20%, 27.20%, 12.80% and 34.40% respondents were agriculturist, businessman and housewives respectively. Women showed better knowledge about overall diabetes (20.00%) and blood glucose level (9.60%), in case of causes, symptoms and management men (12.80%, 23.20% and 18.40% respectively) were found dominant than women (10.00%, 16.00% and 12.00% respectively). It was found that 13.20% respondents were suffering from impaired glucose tolerance and 79.20% had diabetes mellitus where female were more vulnerable than male. Family history was found the significant risk factor (p= 0.016; Ç2 = 5.849) for diabetes (total 62%, male 40.65% and female 59.35%), Other risk factors like age (67.20%), obesity (46.40%), hypercholesterolemia (82.00%), excess triglyceride (78.00%) and hypertension (29.60%) remained insignificant respectively and in every cases female were found more vulnerable than men. Study revealed that knowledge regarding diabetes was not up to the mark to the respondents though it is now one of the most pandemic diseases in the world.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 8-15

scholarly journals Asthma and Keratoconus: An analysis of the risk factors association with the severity of keratoconus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srujana Sahebjada ◽  
Elsie Chan ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Grant Snibson ◽  
Mark Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Australia to explore a wide range of risk factors associated with keratoconus. A questionnaire addressing age, gender, educational background, ocular and medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption, and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements was collected; eye examination was undertaken. The associations between a range of risk factors and keratoconus was determined using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses.Main Text: A total of 260 keratoconus subjects were included in this study. Mean age of subject was 35.5 (SD= 14.8) years and the majority of the subjects were European 171 (68.2%). Initial univariate regression analysis identified the following risk factors at the p<0.1 level with keratoconus: higher body mass index, smoking cigarettes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma were associated with increased severity of keratoconus, whereas eczema was associated with less severe keratoconus. Following multivariable regression analysis, only asthma remained as a significant risk factor associated with 2.2 diopters (D) steeper average mean keratometry compared to keratoconus subjects having no asthma [p = 0.03; β= 2.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.22, 4.14].Conclusion: Our study describes the comprehensive assessment of all the known risk factors in a large keratoconus cohort recruited in Australia. Our study has reported asthma as the only risk factor found to be significantly associated with keratoconus. The results of this study allow us to better understand the aetiology of keratoconus and such a knowledge could be useful in instigate systemic management of patients to slow or prevent keratoconus.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds in a general Japanese elderly community

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yubi ◽  
Jun Hata ◽  
Tomoyuki Ohara ◽  
Naoko Mukai ◽  
Yoichiro Hirakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Japanese Elderly

BackgroundWe investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in a cross-sectional study of a general population of Japanese elderly.MethodsIn 2012, brain MRI scanning at 1.5T and comprehensive health examination were conducted for 1281 residents aged 65 years or older. CMBs were defined as ovoid hypointensity lesions less than 10 mm in diameter on T2*-weighted images and classified into deep/infratentorial or lobar CMBs. Age- and sex-specific and overall prevalence of CMBs were estimated, and the associations of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and APOE polymorphism with the presence of CMBs were examined using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe crude prevalences of total, deep/infratentorial, and lobar CMBs were 18.7% (n = 240), 13.5% (n = 173), and 9.6% (n = 123), respectively. The prevalence of total CMBs was 23.0% in men and 15.5% in women and increased with aging in both sexes (both p for trend <0.01). Hypertension was significantly associated with the presence of both deep/infratentorial and lobar CMBs. Lower serum total cholesterol was a significant risk factor for deep/infratentorial CMBs, but not for lobar CMBs, while APOE ε4 carriers had a significantly higher likelihood only of lobar CMBs compared with noncarriers.ConclusionsOur study suggests that approximately 1 of 5 Japanese elderly people have CMBs, and that risk factors for deep/infratentorial and lobar CMBs are different, indicating the distinct pathologic backgrounds of these lesions.

scholarly journals PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI Toxocara cati PADA KUCING PELIHARAAN DI KOTA BOGOR (Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxocara cati Infection in Bogor Pet Cats)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Murniati Murniati ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Yusuf Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Owner

The aims of this research were to estimate the prevalence and to determine the risk factors related to Toxocara cati (T. cati) infection in pet cats in Bogor. This study was cross sectional study using two types of data; laboratory examination results of feces samples and interview results of the cat owner using a structured questionnaires including characteristics of pet owner and pet care management. The data obtained from this study was analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed that 85 of 243 cats were positively infected by T. cati with 35% prevalence. The significant risk factor associated with the T. cati infection were: sex, sand provided, deworming and type of feed. Pet care management in Kota Bogor were well managed, however the prevalence of T. cati infection was still high. Therefore it can be a potential public health problem especially on cat owners.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Mahlangu ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
John Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

scholarly journals Risk Factors that Affect Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Perforated Peptic Ulcer Diseases in a Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebyou Seyoum ◽  
Daba Ethicha ◽  
Zelalem Assefa ◽  
Berhanu Nega
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Perforated Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: This study was done to identify risk factors that affect the morbidity and mortality of patients operated for a perforated peptic ulcer in a resource-limited setting.Methods: A two years (January 1, 2016 - December 30, 2018) retrospective cross- sectional study was done on patients admitted and operated for PPU at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Results: A total of 93 patients were operated. The median age affected was 29 years (Range 15-75 years). Male to female ratio was 7.5:1. Chewing chat, smoking and alcohol use were seen in 22 (23.6%), 35(37.6%), and 34(36.5%), cases respectively. Only 23.6% gave previous history of dyspepsia. The median duration of illness was 48hours and the duodenal to gastric ulcer perforation ratio was 6.5:1. In majority of the cases (63.3%) the perforation diameter was <10mm (63.3%). Cellan-Jones repair of the perforations was done in 92.5% of cases. A total of 47 complications were seen in 25 cases. The total complications and mortality rates were 25(26.8%) and 6(6.5%) respectively. The most common postoperative complication was pneumonia (13.97%) followed by superficial surgical site infection (10.8%). Mortality rate was highest among patients >50yrs [AOR (95%CI) =2.4(2-30)]. Delayed presentation of >24 hours [AOR (95%CI) =4.3(1.4-13.5)] and a SBP <90mmhg [AOR (95%CI) =4.8(1-24)] were found to be significantly related with higher complication rate.Conclusions: Patients who presented early and immediate corrective measures were instituted had better outcomes while those seen late developed unfavorable out-come with significantly higher complications. Therefore, early detection and treatment of PPU is essential.

scholarly journals Detecting chronic kidney disease in diabetic adults by estimating glomerular filtration rate and Serum Creatinine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kh. Mohammed Almaawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Qualitative Variables

Objective: To assess CKD prevalence and risk factors including socio-demography among diabetics by estimating GFR rather than serum creatinine (sCr). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dec. 15 2019 through Aug. 15 2020, among 800 diabetics attending tertiary diabetes centers, Baghdad. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. SPSS was used for data analysis by (mean, standard deviation and T-test) for quantitative variables and (frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Kappa index) for qualitative variables. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant.  Results: 800 diabetics for last 5-40 years, 95.6% with type2. Aged 52.1±13.2 years, with male: female ratio 1.03:1, 63.6% were with no income, sCr level was 0.86±0.3 mg/dl, and eGFR by Cockcroft Gault (CG) and CKD-EPI equations was 100.4±36.5 & 92.2±25.5 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. CKD prevalence based on sCr, and eGFR assessed by above equations was 13.3%, 20% and 15.9% respectively (p<0.001). Those with CKD were hypertensive, females, and living in peripheries. Conclusions: Diabetic patients, mainly those with risk factors are more likely to develop CKD. It is better to detect CKD intially by estimating the GFR, rather than serum creatinine level alone. Furthermore, using CKD-EPI equation might be better than the CG formula to estimate the GFR.

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