scholarly journals DIFFERENCE IN SERUM PSA LEVEL AND IIEF-5 BEFORE AND AFTER TURP IN BPH PATIENTS WITHOUT URINARY RETENTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfian Hasibuan ◽  
Soetojo Wirjopranoto ◽  
Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽  
Widodo J Pujiraharjo
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: Determine change in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Material & Method: Eighteen men with age range of 50 – 69 years, were divided in two groups, group I 50-59 years (mean 56,5) and group II 60-69 years (mean 67,2). Both groups underwent measurement of serum PSA and IIEF-5 pre-operative, and repeated at 30, 60, and 90 days after TURP. Results: Level of serum PSA after TURP is decreased in most patients after 30, 60, and 90 days (72%, 72% and 78%). Mean value of PSA pre-operatively is 5,3 ± 3,3 ng/ml. After TURP, serum PSA level was 3,5 ± 3,0 ng/ml (30 days); 2,9 ± 2,9 ng/ml (60 days) and 1,8 ± 1,3ng/ml (90 days). Pre-operative PSA level was significantly decreased in Group I during the 60 and 90 days post TURP, while in Group II pre-operative PSA level was significantly decreased only in 90 days of observation. Overall there is no significant difference in PSA levels in both groups (p > 0,05). The decrease of PSA per gram resected in 30, 60, and 90 days were 0,10 ng/ml; 0,16 ng/ml and 0,24 ng/ml consecutively. There is no change in normal IIEF-5 score. Decrease of the IIEF-5 score in group I was measured at 30 days, but the score increased after 60 and 90 days. Meanwhile Group II showed decrease of IIEF-5 score. Pre-operative IIEF-5 score compared to the 30 days post TURP was significantly different but not significantly different compared with to score at 60 and 90 days. In Group I IIEF-5 score was significantly higher compared to Group II (p < 0,05). Prostatitis was found in 8 patients, but there is no difference in serum PSA level decrease between patients with or without prostatitis. Conclusion: There was significant decrease in serum PSA after TURP in BPH patients with LUTS at every measurement at 30, 60, and 90 days. PSA level after TURP depends on various factors, including pre-operative PSA, pre-operative prostate volume and prostate volume resected. Incidence of erectile dysfunction post TURP was low. Keywords: Prostate-specific antigen, benign prostatic hyperplasia, transurethral resection of the prostate, erectile dysfunction.

The effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation on serum total and free prostate specific antigen levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yılmaz Aksoy ◽  
Hülya Aksoy ◽  
Münacettin Ceviz ◽  
Ahmet Yavuz Balcı ◽  
Güray Okyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether or not there is an increase in serum total and free prostate specific antigen levels (t-PSA, f-PSA) in patients with and without benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing extracorporeal circulation during cardiovascular bypass. The study included a total of 50 men. Of these, 35 patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation [with (n=20, group I) and without (n=15, group II) BPH]. Another 15 patients underwent renal or ureteral surgery (group III) and served as a control group. Serum t-PSA and f-PSA levels were measured before surgery and 3h and 3days after surgery. All patients underwent urethral catheterization 24h before surgery. In groups I and II, patients had an increase in t-PSA 3h after surgery compared to baseline values (p=0.0001 and p=0.011, respectively). Also, 3days after surgery, mean t-PSA levels were higher than baseline levels (p=0.004) in group I. Serum t-PSA levels were higher at 3h than at day 3 in groups I and II (p=0.003 and p=0.02, respectively). Mean serum f-PSA levels obtained 3h after surgery were increased in both groups I and II when compared to baseline values (p=0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between f-PSA values before and 3days after surgery in all groups. In the control group, there was no significant increase in either serum t-PSA or f-PSA levels obtained at different times. There was a modest increase in the percentage of free prostate specific antigen (% f-PSA) 3h after the operation in group II (p=0.025); the values returned to baseline within 3days. It was suggested that t-PSA and f-PSA serum levels increase due to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation as a consequence of ischemic damage to the prostate. In patients with BPH, this rise may be higher than in those without BPH, because BPH patients generally have larger prostate volumes that may be more vulnerable to ischemic damage. Because f-PSA has a shorter half-life, postsurgical levels of f-PSA may not show this ischemic damage to the prostate during the late postoperative period and f-PSA appears to be cleared more rapidly than t-PSA.

scholarly journals Binocular responses and vertical strabismus

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Risovic ◽  
Lidija Petrovic ◽  
Natalija Kosanovic-Jakovic ◽  
Katarina Misailovic ◽  
Branislav Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Inferior Oblique Muscle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sensory Tests ◽  
Dissociated Vertical Deviation

Background/Aim. Elevation in adduction is the most common pattern of vertical strabismus, and it is mostly treated with surgery. The results of weaking of inferior oblique muscle are very changeable. The aim of this study was to evaluate binocular vision using sensory tests before and one and six months after the surgery. Methods. A total of 79 children were divided in two groups: the first, with inferior oblique muscle of overaction (n = 52), and the second with dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and primary inferior oblique muscle overaction (n = 27). We tested them by polaroid mirror test (PMT), Worth test at distance and near, fusion amplitudes on sinoptofore, Lang I stereo test and Wirt-Titmus stereo test. We examined our patients before and two times after the surgery for vertical strabismus. Results. Foveal suppression in the group I was found in 60.5% of the patients before, and in 56.4% after the surgery. In group II Foveal suppression was detected in 64.7% of the patients before, but in 55.6% 6 months after the surgery with PMT. Worth test revealed suppression in 23.5% of the patients before, and in 40.7% after the vertical muscle surgery. Parafoveal fussion persisted in about 1/3 of the patients before the surgery, and their amplitudes were a little larger after the surgery in the group I patients. Lang I stereo test was negative in 53.9% before and 51.9% after the surgery in the group I, and in 48.2% of the patients before and after the surgery in the group II patients. Wirt-Titmus stereo test was negative in 74.5% of the patients before and in 72.9% after the surgery in the group I, but in the group II it was negative in 70.8% before and in 68.0% of the patients 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion. Binocular responses were found after surgery in 65.7% of the patients the group I and in 55.6% patients the group II. There was no significant difference between these two groups, but binocular responses were more often in the patients of the group I.

scholarly journals Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Nath ◽  
Bhupen Barman ◽  
Pranjal Phukan ◽  
Stephen L. Sailo ◽  
Biswajit Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Determination of isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic individuals has not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a proportion of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Materials and Methods A total of 106 patients with prostatic disease clinically confined to the prostate glands were evaluated. Results and Observation The mean PSAD for prostate cancer was 0.15 ± 0.01 while that for benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH) was 0.11 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted in the prostate volume in these two groups with the mean prostate volume measured by TRUS in the BPH to be 53.85 ± 9.71 mL compared with 58.14 ± 7.48 mL in the carcinoma. PSA density of 0.13 ng/mL can be used as a cutoff for the individual in our set-up who should go for prostate biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. Conclusion These results suggest that PSAD may be useful in distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer.

Impact of prostate needle biopsy on erectile function: A prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Koosha Kamali ◽  
Mostafa Nabizadeh ◽  
Mojtaba Ameli ◽  
Maryam Emami ◽  
Mohadese Mahvari-Habibabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Level ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
The Mean

Background: Needle biopsy of the prostate is a diagnostic method for prostate cancer which is a relatively safe method with low risk of serious complications. The evidences regarding the occurrence of erectile dysfunction following prostate biopsy are controversial. Herein, we aimed at determining the rate of erectile dysfunction in those undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Method: All candidates for prostate biopsy were enrolled. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 was completed 1 m before and 1, 3, and 6 months after ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy by each patient for erectile dysfunction. Patients with a previous history of erectile dysfunction which due to a positive pathology had received any type of treatment were excluded from the study. Results: Eighty patients with the mean age of 64.8 years, the mean prostate-specific antigen level of 11.64 ng/dL, and the mean prostate volume of 62.43 cc were included. The prostate biopsy result was positive in 38.8% of the cases. No significant relationship was found between erectile dysfunction and prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume, and the pathology result (P = 0.320, 0.509, and 0.131). The mean questionnaire score 1 month before and after the biopsy was 23 and 18, respectively; it demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.001). The same score was 17 and 14.5 three and six months after biopsy. The mean score 1 m before and 3 m after biopsy also revealed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate causes progressive erectile dysfunction in these patients. This relationship is not affected by the biopsy result, prostate volume, or the prostate-specific antigen level.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF DEEP NECK FLEXOR STRENGTHENING EXERICISE WITH MCKENZIE NECK EXERCISE FOR NECK POSTURE CORRECTION ON STUDENTS WITH FORWARD HEAD POSTURE AT SMA N 1 SEMARAPURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gede Eka Juli Prasana ◽  
I Nyoman Adiputra ◽  
I Made Krisna Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Group I ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

This study aims to compare deep neck flexor strengthening exercise intervention with mckenzie neck exercise to correct the neck posture of student with forward head posture. Using experimental design with Pre-Test and Post-Test Group Design involves a sample of 24 people divided into 2 groups. Group I was given deep neck flexor strengthening exercise intervention and Group II was given mckenzie neck exercise intervention. Hypothesis Test using paired sample t-test obtained result p = 0.592 with average difference in Group I 7.58 ± 4.39 whereas Group II got difference mean 8.5 ± 3.84. These results showed no significant difference in craniovertebral angle elevation before and after intervention in both groups. Keywords : forward head posture, craniovertebrae angle, deep neck flexor strengthening exercise, mckenzie neckexercise,

scholarly journals Different Bleeding Patterns with the Use of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System: Are They Associated with Changes in Uterine Artery Blood Flow?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Bastianelli ◽  
Manuela Farris ◽  
Stefania Rapiti ◽  
Roberta Bruno Vecchio ◽  
Giuseppe Benagiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. Evaluate if different bleeding patterns associated with the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) are associated with different uterine and endometrial vascularization patterns, as evidenced by ultrasound power Doppler analysis.Methodology. A longitudinal study, with each subject acting as its own control was conducted between January 2010 and December 2012. Healthy volunteers with a history of heavy but cyclic and regular menstrual cycles were enrolled in the study. Ultrasonographic examination was performed before and after six months of LNG-IUS placement: uterine volume, endometrial thickness, and subendometrial and myometrial Doppler blood flow patterns have been evaluated.Results. A total of 32 women were enrolled out of 186 initially screened. At six months of follow-up, all subjects showed a reduction in menstrual blood loss; for analysis, they were retrospectively divided into 3 groups: normal cycling women (Group I), amenorrheic women (Group II), and women with prolonged bleedings (Group III). Intergroup analysis documented a statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness among the three groups; in addition, mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the spiral arteries were significantly lower in Group I and Group III compared to Group II. This difference persisted also when comparing—within subjects of Group III—mean PI and RI mean values before and after insertion.Conclusions. The LNG-IUS not only altered endometrial thickness, but—in women with prolonged bleedings—also significantly changed uterine artery blood flow. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and enable gynecologists to properly counsel women, improving initial continuation rates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Impact of Tall Like Receptor 4 and Liposaccharide in Pathogenesis of Hepatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Emadeldin R. Matar ◽  
Mohammed H. Goda ◽  
Tamer M. Abuama
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Tlr4 Expression ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Stage Stage

Functional TLR4 expression has been linked to HCC development. TLR4 may serve an important role in HCC development by promoting the malignant transformation of epithelial cells and tumor growth. The consequences might be dependent on the complex signaling networks triggered by TLR4 activation and the tumor microenvironment. The study included 90 consecutive subjects classified into 3 group their age from 40 to 70 years old. Group (I): HCC patients on top of chronic HCV infection. they were 45 patients 30 male and 15 females, their age ranged from 45 to 55 who were subdivided into 3 subgroups according to Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC): Group (Ia): included 8 HCC patients in early stage. (stage A). Group (Ib): included 12 HCC patients in intermediate stage (stage B). Group (Ic): included 25 HCC patients in advanced stage. (stage C). Group (II): 30 Cirrhotic patients with chronic HCV, 21 male and 9 females, their age ranged from 50 to 60. This group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to Child–Pugh score Group (IIa): included 8 Child–Pugh A. Group (IIb): included 22 Child–Pugh B and C. Group (III): controlled group included 15 normal subjects. 10 male and 5 females, their age ranged from 45 to 60. They were selected to match patients’ groups in demographic and socioeconomic standards. In our study where 15 persons are control showed lower level in TLR4 with mean 1.0±0.2, however 30 patients with HCV and other 45 patients with HCC showed higher level in TLR with mean 2.27±0.6 and 4.2±1.06 respectively. In our study there is statistically significant difference in serum TLR4 level between group (Ia) (2.25±0.5) and other subgroups which shows more increase in serum level of TLR4 in Group IB (3.2-1.06) than Group IA. Also shows more increase in serum level of TLR4 in Group IC (4.0±2.0) than Group IA and IB In our study HCC group showed higher level of LPS with mean 4.5±1.26 however lower in HCV group with mean 2.9-1.0 and least in control group with mean 1.1±0.4 In our study there is statistically significant difference in serum LPS level between group (IA) with mean 3.0±0.5 and other subgroups which shows more increase in serum level of LPS in Group IB with mean 4.4-1.0 than Group IA. Also shows more increase in serum level of LPS in Group IC with mean 4.0±1.76 than Group IA and IB In our study there is statistically significant difference in serum LPS level between group (IIB) and group (IIA) which shows more increase in serum level of TLR4 in Group IIB with mean 2.7±1.1 than Group IIA with mean 2.20±0.2 In our study there is statistically insignificant difference of the mean value ± SD of sex as regard to LPS and TLR expression (t = 1.2, p = 0.22). (t = 0.16, p = 0.87) respectively.In our study there is statistically significant positive correlation between ALT, AST, Platelets, alpha fetoprotein and LPS as regard to TLR4 expression in group II more in IIB,C than IA . but insignificant of the mean value ± SD of other parameters. In our study there is statistically significant difference of the mean value ± SD of ALT, AST, Platelets, alpha fetoprotein and TLR4 as regard to LPS expression in group I more in IB, C than IA. but insignificant of the mean value ± SD of other parameters.In our study there is statistically significant difference of the mean value ± SD of ALT, AST, Platelets and TLR4 as regard to LPS expression in group II more in IIB than IIA. but insignificant of the mean value ± SD of other parameters. Conclusion: TLR4 and LPS measurement should be carried for all patient with HCV Who are at risk for HCC with close monitoring. Conduct a study on a Gut microbiota as therapeutic targets for HCC.

scholarly journals Study on individualized prostate biopsy guided by prostate specific antigen at different ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Jin-Qi Song ◽  
Ya-Nan Zhou ◽  
Gang-Liang Tu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Meng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Background: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used indicator for screening of prostate cancer(PCa), and the studies on PSA in PCa are very extensive at present. How to effectively use this indicator is worth for further study which this article wish to address.  Objective: The aim of this study is to explore how PSA in different ranges can better guide the individualized prostate biopsy.  Methods: A total of 117 patients with suspected PCa admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from October 2018 to July 2020 were selected as the research subjects. PSA level and ratio of free and total PSA (F/TPSA) value of each patient were measured, and ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy was conducted for each patient, and then the PSA measurement results were compared with the prostate biopsy results.  Results: The result of biopsy was PCa in 40 cases, BPH in 77 cases. The positive expression rates of Group I in BPH and PCa patients were 25.97% and 87.50%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The positive expression rates of Group II in BPH and PCa patients were 10.39% and 75.00%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rates of Group I and Group II were 87.50%, 74.03%, 63.63%, 78.63% and 75.00%, 89.61%, 78.94% and 84.62%, respectively.  Conclusion: Under different TPSA intervals, F/T < 0.16 has different diagnostic efficacy for PCa. Group I is more sensitive and suitable for early screening. Group II has stronger specificity in the diagnosis of PCa, Higher diagnostic coincidence rate, and has more diagnostic advantages before biopsy. Selecting Group II can help clinicians make more patient-friendly decisions and reduce the incidence of complications related to biopsy. According to patients’ aspiration for biopsy, auxiliary examinations such as magnetic resonance scan of prostate and bone scan should be performed actively for patients who meet the criteria I if they refuse to undergo biopsy. On the premise of not affecting PCa secondary prevention as much as possible, a more individualized biopsy plan was developed for patients. 

scholarly journals Short and Long-Term Follow up Results of Daily 5 Mg Tadalafil as a Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Gharib ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelal ◽  
Adel Elatreisy ◽  
Elsayed Salih ◽  
Ahmed Sebaey
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objective: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of a 5mg tadalafil daily treatment for men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) and assessment of long-term follow up by persistence of improvement 2 years after stoppage of tadalafil.Materials and Methods: The study included 160 patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction from April 2018 to June 2020. All were evaluated using the international index of erectile function questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) to evaluate ED and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) for PE. Patients subdivided into two equal groups. I included 80 patients treated with tadalafil 5 mg daily for 3 months, and group II included 80 patients treated with a placebo for same period. After 3 months treatment and 2 years later after stoppage of tadalafil, all patients were assessed for ED and PE using the same questionnaires. Results: The mean IELT and IIEF pretreatment were 37±11.24 s and 13.2±4.2 respectively for group I, while in group II was 35.98±10.8 s and 13.12±4.11, respectively. After 3 months of treatment, the mean value of IELT in group I showed a highly significant improvement from 37±11.24 sec to 120.5±47.37 sec (p-value < 0.001), but for group II, the mean values of IELT showed no significant improvement from baseline 35.98±10.8 to endpoint 39.43±13.6 ( p-value > 0.05). As regarding the IIEF, there was a highly significant improvement from baseline 13.2±4.2 to endpoint 20.45±4.5 in group I (p-value < 0.001) while there was no significant difference in group II from baseline 13.12±4.11 to endpoint 15±4.84 (p-value > 0.05) . 2 years later after stoppage of tadalafil , 75 patients from group I complete follow up and there was significant improvement in IELT and IIEF form base line (37±11.24) (13.2±4.2) to endpoint (98±18.3) (19.1±2.3) respectively but less than the results after 3 months treatment.ConclusionDaily Tadalafil 5 mg was effective, tolerable, and safe treatment for patients suffering from ED and PE. Long-term follow up after 2 years declared persistence of significant improvement.

scholarly journals Hook plate with or without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ting Liu ◽  
Ten-Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Hook Plate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ligament Augmentation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acromioclavicular Separation ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Type V

Abstract Background Acromioclavicular (AC) separation can be treated with the use of a hook plate. Some studies have reported that coracoclavicular (CC) ligament augmentation is necessary to reduce the complications of hook plate fixation, whereas others recommend hook plate fixation alone without augmentation. The aim of this study was to compare the results and complications between these two groups. Methods This was an observational case-control study. Patients with acute (less than 2 weeks) Rockwood type V AC separation were treated with a hook plate at our hospital. A total of 105 cases received hook plate fixation with CC ligament augmentation (group I), and 112 cases received hook plate fixation without augmentation (group II). Constant-Murley scores were used to evaluate the function before and after implant removal, and radiographs were taken to evaluate the complications. The results and complications were compared between groups. Results Before removal, the Constant-Murley score was significantly higher in group I (mean, 50.1) than in group II (mean, 42.6) (p = 0.004); however, there was no significant difference between groups at 3 and 6 months after removal. The incidence of significant acromion osteolysis was higher in group II (65/112) than in group I (25/105). Before removal, the patients with significant acromion osteolysis had worse Constant-Murley scores than those of the patients without osteolysis in both groups. The incidence of peri-implant fracture of the hook plate was higher in group II (8/112) than in group I (1/105). Conclusion The patients without CC ligament augmentation had worse functional results before hook plate removal, a higher incidence of radiographic acromion osteolysis, and a higher incidence of peri-implant fractures than those patients with CC ligament augmentation. Therefore, CC ligament augmentation is highly recommended to improve short-term outcomes and decrease complications for Rockwood type V AC separation treated by hook plate.

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