scholarly journals Peculiarities of modern cognition and its enlightening grounds

2013 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Oksana Yuschyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Modern Cognition

With the aim of tracing the peculiarities of modern cognition and its educational explications, we are aware that the fundamental provisions of the stated topic are properly and comprehensively studied. The convincing evidence of this is the hundreds of publications on the most diverse range of issues in the problematic complex, as well as the depth and systematic comprehension of them. Many of these studies can be safely classified as fundamental and combined with the specifics of cognition, whose ideological and aesthetic and cultural-intellectual discourse impresses with interpretive polyphony. Do not make an exception in this context, and domestic researchers, for most of thempost-Soviet realities have become an important factor for scientific and theological reflections, and often also for changing philosophical and methodological approaches to the consideration of the problem of cognition

The Role of Cervical Dysfunction in Migraine: A Systematic Review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Robertson ◽  
ME Morris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This systematic review evaluates the strength of the evidence for the role of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine. In this review, cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction will refer to the abnormal sensory afferentation from cervical region structures contained within the receptive field of the trigeminocervical nucleus. Electronic database searches using MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL were performed, and 17 studies investigating cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in people with migraine were selected for review. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using a customized checklist. The review found that intersubject differences were inadequately reported and controlled, which resulted in grouping of participants with varying pathologies and symptoms. A diverse range of assessment procedures was used by the reviewed studies, which made comparison of their findings difficult. The assessment procedures were mainly used to quantify the degree of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction, rather than to identify a cause and effect relationship between cervical structure and migrainous pain. Although animal study evidence proposes a role for cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine, this systematic review of the literature found that there is currently no convincing evidence to confirm this phenomenon in humans.

scholarly journals Breakout Session: Leveraging Licensing to Increase Access

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Polchow
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Breakout Session ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Course Materials ◽  
Library Resources

The Affordable Course Materials Initiative (ACMI) is a library-driven program established by University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), designed to leverage existing library resources, encourage open educational resources (OER) content creation, identify cost-effective digital projects and modify existing license agreements in order to create reduced cost course materials for students, as an alternative to rising commercial textbook costs.  The faculty incentivized program encourages instructors to partner with the library to leverage free or low-cost resources, adjusting syllabi and assignments as needed.  ACMI’s two-year pilot resulted in convincing evidence that the service supported a broad and diverse range of campus disciplines, achieved substantial cost savings, served as a catalyst for community building with multiple stakeholders, and gained campus administration recognition with an ongoing commitment of financial support to permanently integrate the initiative as an ongoing component of library services. 

Critical Discourse Analysis in Applied Linguistics: A Methodological Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Lin
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Literacy Identity

The critical turn arrived in the field of applied linguistics in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the field has since witnessed a burgeoning body of literature drawing on a variety of analytical frameworks and methodological approaches that are loosely labeled as critical discourse analysis (CDA). A methodological review of the role of CDA in the field is thus timely both to provide signposts for researchers wishing to draw on CDA methods in applied linguistics research and to provide some theoretical and methodological resources to evaluate the rapidly growing body of CDA-oriented applied linguistics research. Unlike some methodological tools, such as corpus analytic tools that can be inserted into a diverse range of theoretical frameworks (e.g., positivist studies, interpretive studies, critical studies), CDA cannot be applied divorced from its paradigmatic theories, as it is closely related to a specific set of social theories about the nature of language, literacy, identity, social practice, and the social world. CDA methods thus cannot be applied without also a concomitant commitment to CDA's theoretical orientations. In this review, the theoretical commitments as well as the classic methods of CDA will first be discussed and then the major areas in which CDA researchers typically conduct their studies are outlined together with a review of the variety of methodological approaches used in these different areas. The strengths as well as the limitations of these approaches will be discussed with examples of recent studies using CDA in the field of applied linguistics. The article will conclude with some suggestions for future directions of CDA methodological development.

scholarly journals Darda_individual_differences_cognitive_control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohinoor Monish Darda ◽  
Emily E. Butler ◽  
Richard Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Interaction Partner ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Spatial Interference

Cognitive control refers to the ability of human beings to adapt flexibly and quickly to continuously changing environments. Several decades of research have identified a diverse range of mental processes that are associated with cognitive control but the extent to which shared systems underlie cognitive control in social and non-social contexts, as well as how these systems may vary across individuals, remains largely unexplored. By integrating methodological approaches from experimental and differential psychology, the current study is able to shine new light on the relationships between stable features of individuals, such as personality and sex, and the architecture of cognitive control systems using paradigms that index social (automatic imitation) and spatial processes. Across three large-sample experiments (>600 participants in total), we demonstrate that cognitive control systems are largely invariant to stable aspects of personality, but exhibit a sex difference, such that females show greater task-interference than males. Moreover, we further qualified this sex difference in two ways. First, we showed that the sex difference was unrelated to the sex of the interaction partner and therefore did not reflect an in-group bias based on sex. Second, we showed that the sex difference was tied to a form of spatial interference control rather than social (imitative) control and therefore it does not reflect a specialised mechanism for guiding social interactions exclusively. Instead, our findings suggest that a robust sex difference exists in the system (or set of subsystems) that operate in resolving a form of spatial interference control, and that such systems are unaffected by social factors such as the sex of the interaction partner. The results highlight the value of integrating approaches from experimental and differential psychology by providing a deeper understanding of the structure of cognitive control systems, whilst also providing new dimensions to incorporate into theories and models of social and non-social control.

scholarly journals Use of Low-Dose Recombinant Factor Ⅶa for Uncontrolled Perioperative Bleeding

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582096956
Author(s):  
Zhi-gang Chang ◽  
Xin Chu ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Jun-hua Hu ◽  
Ji-wu Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Perioperative Bleeding

Background: Recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is a prohemostatic agent initially approved for use in hemophilia patients and has also been used for a diverse range of off-label indications in the context of massive uncontrolled blood loss; however, no convincing evidence exists regarding the optimal dose of rFVIIa to treat uncontrolled bleeding in surgical patients. Aim: To evaluate the effects and safety of a very low dose of rFⅦa in patients with uncontrolled perioperative bleeding in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: 55 patients from Beijing Hospital, who received rFⅦa between July 2004 and November 2018 for uncontrolled perioperative bleeding were included. The controls were matched for age, sex, severity, and operation type. The baseline demographics, survival, changes in bleeding and transfusion, coagulation parameters and complications were analyzed. Results: A low dose of rFⅦa (2.0∼3.6 mg, with a median dose of 39.02 μg/kg) appears to be effective in controlling massive hemorrhage (with an effective rate of 74.55%), and can reduce volume of red blood cell transfusion, improve coagulation status, while has a relatively low risk of thromboembolic complications (3.6%). Conclusion: In patients with uncontrolled perioperative bleeding, a low dose of rFⅦa could be used when traditional methods are ineffective.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

The Fine Structure of Rat Renal Microbodies and Cytoplasmic Bodies Following Perfusion Fixation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
J. M. Barrett ◽  
P. M. Heidger
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Renal Proximal Tubule ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
Rat Renal Proximal Tubule ◽  
Renal Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Perfusion Fixation

Microbodies have received extensive morphological and cytochemical investigation since they were first described by Rhodin in 1954. To our knowledge, however, all investigations of microbodies and cytoplasmic bodies of rat renal proximal tubule cells have employed immersion fixation. Tisher, et al. have shown convincing evidence of fine structural alteration of microbodies in rhesus monkey kidney following immersion fixation; these alterations were not encountered when in vivo intravascular perfusion was employed. In view of these studies, and the fact that techniques for perfusion fixation have been established specifically for the rat kidney by Maunsbach, it seemed desirable to employ perfusion fixation to study the fine structure and distribution of microbodies and cytoplasmic bodies within the rat renal proximal tubule.

Cosmetology treatments on human hair: An SEM study

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D.F. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Brightness Contrast ◽  
Sem Study

High school cosmetology students study the methods and effects of various human hair treatments, including permanents, straightening, conditioning, coloring and cutting. Although they are provided with textbook examples of overtreatment and numerous hair disorders and diseases, a view of an individual hair at the high resolution offered by an SEM provides convincing evidence of the hair‘s altered structure. Magnifications up to 2000X provide dramatic differences in perspective. A good quality classroom optical microscope can be very informative at lower resolutions.Students in a cosmetology class are initially split into two groups. One group is taught basic controls on the SEM (focus, magnification, brightness, contrast, specimen X, Y, and Z axis movements). A healthy, untreated piece of hair is initially examined on the SEM The second group cements a piece of their own hair on a stub. The samples are dryed quickly using heat or vacuum while the groups trade places and activities.

Functional amyloid: widespread in Nature, diverse in purpose

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi L.L. Pham ◽  
Ann H. Kwan ◽  
Margaret Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation ◽  
Functional Amyloid ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Functional Amyloids ◽  
Micro Organisms

Amyloids are insoluble fibrillar protein deposits with an underlying cross-β structure initially discovered in the context of human diseases. However, it is now clear that the same fibrillar structure is used by many organisms, from bacteria to humans, in order to achieve a diverse range of biological functions. These functions include structure and protection (e.g. curli and chorion proteins, and insect and spider silk proteins), aiding interface transitions and cell–cell recognition (e.g. chaplins, rodlins and hydrophobins), protein control and storage (e.g. Microcin E492, modulins and PMEL), and epigenetic inheritance and memory [e.g. Sup35, Ure2p, HET-s and CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein)]. As more examples of functional amyloid come to light, the list of roles associated with functional amyloids has continued to expand. More recently, amyloids have also been implicated in signal transduction [e.g. RIP1/RIP3 (receptor-interacting protein)] and perhaps in host defence [e.g. aDrs (anionic dermaseptin) peptide]. The present chapter discusses in detail functional amyloids that are used in Nature by micro-organisms, non-mammalian animals and mammals, including the biological roles that they play, their molecular composition and how they assemble, as well as the coping strategies that organisms have evolved to avoid the potential toxicity of functional amyloid.

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