The level of protective post-vaccination antibodies in NIPH-NIH employees after administration of Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Waldemar Rastawicki ◽  
Kaludia Płaza
Keyword(s):  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
S Protein ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Antibody Levels

INTRODUCTION. The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, first recognized in China in 2019, within a few months caused a global pandemic of a disease called COVID-19. The high incidence and mortality of COVID-19 was the reason for the beginning of intensive work on the development of an effective vaccine. In Poland, mass vaccinations against this disease began at the end of December 2020. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the presented study was to determine the effectiveness of stimulating the production of specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 by the Pfizer vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The presence of IgA and IgG antibodies to the spike (S protein) of SARSCoV-2 was tested by the ELISA/Euroimmun in serum samples obtained from 140 the employees of NIPH-NIH (137 were vaccinated). In addition, the presence of IgG antibodies to S protein, nucleoprotein, and mixture of both in selected serum samples was tested by the newly developed in NIPH-NIH in-house ELISA assay. RESULTS. IgA and IgG antibodies to the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were detected by ELISA/Euroimmun, respectively in 136 and in all 137 vaccinated persons. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of antibodies depending on the sex and age of the vaccinated persons. Slightly higher levels of antibodies have been demonstrated in vaccinated subjects with documented preexisting SARS-CoV-2 immunity compared to subjects without COVID-19 history. The presence of IgA and IgG antibodies was found in respectively, 18 (45.0%) and all 40 (100.0%) tested vaccinated persons by the in-house ELISA with mixture antigen. The study showed that ELISA assay with N protein as an antigen may enable the distinction between antibodies acquired after infection and after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS. The results obtained in the presented study clearly demonstrate the high effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine in stimulation of the human immune system to produce antibodies specific for the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2. It is necessary to continue testing vaccine antibody levels at various times after vaccination to determine the potential duration of humoral immunity.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of virus load, serum antibody levels and virus neutralizing activity in vitro in cases with less severe COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Flehmig ◽  
Michael Schindler ◽  
Natalia Ruetalo ◽  
Ramona Businger ◽  
Manfred Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a highly variable clinical course, varying from barely discernible signs of disease, to moderate flu-like symptoms and, occasionally, with life-threatening pneumonia and/or cytokine storm. The relationship between the nasopharyngeal virus load, IgA and IgG antibodies to both the S1-RBD-protein and the N-protein as well the neutralizing activity (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of moderately afflicted COVID-19 patients has not been investigated longitudinally so far. Methods: Several new serological methods to examine these parameters were developed and validated for the longitudinal investigation in three patients of a family which underwent a mild course of COVID-19. Findings: We observed that the virus load had almost completely disappeared after about four weeks, whereas serum antibodies showed a contrasting course. IgA levels to S1-RBD-protein and, to a lesser extent, to the N-protein, peaked about three weeks after clinical disease onset but declined soon thereafter. IgG levels rose continuously, reaching a plateau approximately six weeks after disease onset. NAbs in serum reached a peak about four weeks after disease onset but dropped to a lower level about six weeks later. Interpretation: Our data establishes associations of virus neutralization and a serological immune response foremost against Sars-CoV-2 S1-RDB-protein in a longitudinal manner.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G and A Antibody Responses to Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia in Sera and Synovial Fluids of Arthritis Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketil Moen ◽  
Johan G. Brun ◽  
Tor Magne Madland ◽  
Turid Tynning ◽  
Roland Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, and Candida albicans in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (RA-SF samples), and the SF of patients without RA (non-RA-SF samples). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine IgG and IgA antibody levels in 116 serum samples from patients with RA, 52 RA-SF samples, and 43 non-RA-SF samples; and these were compared with those in SF samples from 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA-SF samples) and the blood from 100 donors (the control [CTR] group). Higher levels of IgG antibodies against B. forsythus (P < 0.0001) and P. intermedia (P < 0.0001) were found in non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples, and higher levels of IgG antibodies against B. forsythus (P = 0.003) and P. intermedia (P = 0.024) were found in RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. Significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were demonstrated in both RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. When corrected for total Ig levels, levels of IgG antibody against B. forsythus were elevated in RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Lower levels of Ig antibodies against B. forsythus were found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group for both IgG (P = 0.003) and IgA (P < 0.0001). When corrected for total Ig levels, the levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were still found to be lower in the sera from patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group (P < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis and C. albicans in the sera and SF of RA and non-RA patients were comparable to those found in the respective controls. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were elevated in SF from patients with RA and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Significantly lower levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group. This indicates the presence of an active antibody response in synovial tissue and illustrates a potential connection between periodontal and joint diseases.

scholarly journals Detection of diphtheria toxin antibodies in human sera in New Zealand by ELISA

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. H. Lau
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYAn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxin in human serum. Serum samples obtained from 557 normal persons aged 1–65 years from different areas in New Zealand showed maximum antibody levels in the 1–9 years age group (95·1%) and the least in the 60–65 years age group (38·1%). The indirect ELISA is suitable for sero-epidemiological survey study as it is simple to perform, economical and precise.

scholarly journals Antibody Response against the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Its Subdomains—Identification of Pre-Immunization Status by Human Coronaviruses with Multipanel Nucleocapsid Fragment Immunoblotting

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Sahra Pajenda ◽  
Sebastian Kapps ◽  
Thomas Reiter ◽  
Raimundo Freire ◽  
Veronique A. J. Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

A novel beta coronavirus that emerged in late December 2019 triggered a global pandemic. Diagnostic methods for rapid identification of infected individuals were established in new biotechnological approaches. Vaccine production and application to individuals and measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies also began. Serum samples from 240 health care workers were collected at three-month intervals over nine months. Indirect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG ELISA tests were used to identify humoral immune responses. All seropositive individuals and those with borderline ELISA values were tested with a specifically generated multipanel nucleocapsid fragment immunoblot. Of the 240 individuals, 24 showed seroconversion in ELISA after experiencing COVID-19. All of them showed a positive reaction against the full-length nucleocapsid protein in the immunoblot. The highest reactivity was seen either against fragment N(100–300) or in a minority against the posterior part N(200–419). In general, the staining pattern of COVID-19 patients showed four phenotypes. In contrast, three individuals classified as borderline by ELISA reacted exclusively with fragments N(1–220) and N(100–300) containing the octamer amino acid sequence FYYLGTGP, which is identical in human coronaviruses sharing this sequence with SARS-CoV-2. These represent a unique and thus fifth phenotype. This work suggests the existence of distinct phenotypic patterns of IgG production towards N-protein subdomains.

scholarly journals Transplacental Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin D. Flannery ◽  
Sigrid Gouma ◽  
Miren B. Dhudasia ◽  
Sagori Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Madeline R. Pfeifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractWe measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in serum samples from 1,471 mother/newborn dyads and found efficient transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 72 of 83 seropositive pregnant women. Transfer ratios >1.0 were observed among women with an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as those with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19. Our findings demonstrate the potential for maternally-derived antibodies to provide neonatal protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Viral load and antibody levels in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 010-018
Author(s):  
Iva Christova ◽  
Iva Trifonova ◽  
Teodora Gladnishka ◽  
Elena Dragusheva ◽  
Georgi Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of

Relations between viral load, antibody levels and COVID-19 severity are not well studied and results from such investigations are controversial. In this study, we investigated kinetics of viral load and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 20 patients with COVID-19 and analysed the association with disease severity. The patients were followed on weekly basis within the first month after the onset and then once per month for the next 4 months. Serum samples were tested for IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using ELISA tests. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs was measured by quantitative Realtime RT-PCR. For vast majority of the patients, the viral loads were at their highest levels at presentation and then declined gradually. Despite development of specific antibody response 7-11 days after the onset of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was still detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of most of the patients. There was no direct link between viral load and severity of COVID-19: some of mild and some of severe cases started with a high viral load. There was a relationship between the time from the onset of the disease and the viral load: the highest viral load was in the first days. In more severe cases, there was a tendency for slower reduction in viral load and longer detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Levels of the specific antibodies increased earlier and to higher levels and were present for longer time in patients with more severe manifestations of COVID-19 than in those with milder disease.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Large-scale study of 35,193 blood donors conducted between June 2020 and September 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Siller ◽  
Lisa Seekircher ◽  
Gregor A Wachter ◽  
Manfred Astl ◽  
Lena Tschiderer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Prior Infection

Background: There is uncertainty about the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Austria, and about the extent to which antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection wane over time. Aim: To estimate seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria. Methods: We conducted a seroepidemiological study between June 2020 and September 2021, enrolling blood donors aged 18-70 years across Tyrol, Austria (participation rate 84.0%). We analysed serum samples for antibodies against spike or nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. Results: We performed 47,363 serological tests among 35,193 individuals (median age 43.1 years [IQR: 29.3-53.7], 45.3% women, 10.0% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection). Seroprevalence increased from 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8-4.2%) in June 2020 to 82.7% (95% CI: 81.4-83.8%) in September 2021, largely due to vaccination. Anti-spike IgG seroprevalence was 99.6% (99.4-99.7%) among fully vaccinated individuals, 90.4% (88.8-91.7%) among unvaccinated with prior infection, and 11.5% (10.8-12.3%) among unvaccinated without known prior infection. Anti-spike IgG levels were reduced by 44.0% (34.9-51.7%) at 5-6 months compared to 0-3 months after infection. In fully vaccinated individuals, they decreased by 31.7% (29.4-33.9%) per month. In multivariable adjusted analyses, both seropositivity among unvaccinated and antibody levels among fully vaccinated individuals were higher at young age (<25 years), higher with a known prior infection, and lower in current smokers. Conclusion: Seroprevalence in Tyrol increased to 82.7% in September 2021, with the bulk of seropositivity stemming from vaccination. Antibody levels substantially and gradually declined after vaccination or infection.

scholarly journals Testing IgG antibodies against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 is sufficient and necessary for COVID-19 diagnosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Indenbaum ◽  
Ravit Koren ◽  
Shiri Katz-Likvornik ◽  
Mayan Yitzchaki ◽  
Osnat Halpern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Past Exposure ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Diagnostic Capacity ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Antibody Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The COVID-19 pandemic and the fast global spread of the disease resulted in unprecedented decline in world trade and travel. A critical priority is, therefore, to quickly develop serological diagnostic capacity and identify individuals with past exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In this study serum samples obtained from 309 persons infected by SARS-CoV-2 and 324 of healthy, uninfected individuals as well as serum from 7 COVID-19 patients with 4–7 samples each ranging between 1–92 days post first positive PCR were tested by an “in house” ELISA which detects IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity of 47%, 80% and 88% and specificity of 100%, 98% and 98% in detection of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively, were observed. IgG antibody levels against the RBD were demonstrated to be up regulated between 1–7 days after COVID-19 detection, earlier than both IgM and IgA antibodies. Study of the antibody kinetics of seven COVID 19 patients revealed that while IgG levels are high and maintained for at least 3 months, IgM and IgA levels decline after a 35–50 days following infection. Altogether, these results highlight the usefulness of the RBD based ELISA, which is both easy and cheap to prepare, to identify COVID-19 patients even at the acute phase. Most importantly our results demonstrate that measuring IgG levels alone is both sufficient and necessary to diagnose past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Human Antibodies Against the 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV2 and its Variants as a Result of Vaccination and Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Taubner ◽  
Ruben Peredo-Wende ◽  
Ananthakrishnan Ramani ◽  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Klemen Strle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Human Antibodies ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Antibody Levels

Measuring the antibody response to 2019 SARS CoV2 is critical for diagnostic purposes, monitoring the prevalence of infection, and for gauging the efficacy of the worldwide vaccination effort COVID-19. In this study, a microchip-based grating coupled fluorescent plasmonic (GC-FP) assay was used to measure antibody levels that resulted from COVID-19 infection and vaccination. In addition, we measured the relative antibody binding towards antigens from variants CoV2 virus variants, strains B.1.1.7 (UK) and B.1.351 (S. African). Antibody levels against multiple antigens within the SARS CoV2 spike protein were significantly elevated for both vaccinated and infected individuals, while those against the nucleocapsid (N) protein were only elevated for infected individuals. GC-FP was effective for monitoring the IgG-based serological response to vaccination throughout the vaccination sequence, and could also resolve acute (within hours) increases in antibody levels. A significant decrease in antibody binding to antigens from the B.1.351 variant, but not B.1.1.7, was observed for all vaccinated subjects when measured by GC-FP as compared to the 2019 SARS CoV2 antigens. These results were corroborated by competitive ELISA assay. Collectively, the findings suggest that GC-FP is a viable, rapid, and accurate method for measuring both overall antibody levels to CoV2 and relative antibody binding to viral variants during infection or vaccination.

Evaluation of Visceral Larva Migrans by Radioimmunoassay Systems

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420
Author(s):  
Roy Patterson ◽  
Mary Roberts ◽  
Robert J. Hart ◽  
Carolyn C. Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E

A 9-year-old child with miliary pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilia, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E recovered rapidly over a four-week period. Subsequent analysis of serum samples by a solid phase radioimmunoassay technique demonstrated IgM, IgE, and IgG antibodies to Ascaris suum antigen which declined following the acute phase of the illness in parallel with a decline in serum IgM, IgE, and IgG concentrations. Precipitating antibodies in serum against Ascaris antigen were demonstrated. The diagnosis is considered to be toxocariasis or ascariasis. The application of sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques of this type should provide a method of earlier diagnosis and the demonstration of rapidly changing antibody levels a method of confirming the diagnosis in parasitic diseases.

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