scholarly journals Impact of level of vitamin D in the body on the severity of COVID-19 – review of the literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 583-595
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

INTRODUCTION. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the influence of vitamin D levels on the severity of the course of COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The latest available literature was reviewed until October 30, 2020 from the PubMed database. RESULTS. The literature reports that vitamin D has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. It reduces the expression of cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and INF-γ, regulates the activity of T helper lymphocytes, and other elements of the immune system at the molecular level. The deficiency of this vitamin promotes the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, contributing to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The severity of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on comorbidities, the development and course of which may also be affected by vitamin D levels (coagulopathies, pulmonary, cardiological, metabolic diseases). Most of the analyzed research studies from different countries indicated a relationship between insufficient vitamin D levels and a more severe course of COVID-19 and an increase in mortality due to it, especially among the elderly. Researchers agree that further analyzes are necessary concerning both the influence of the vitamin D blood serum levels on the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 as well as the use of its supplementation in the struggle against SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are reports of possible beneficial interactions of vitamin D with other substances, such as quercetin, estradiol, some microelements, and other vitamins. CONCLUSIONS. Maintaining an adequate level of vitamin D has a positive effect on the functioning of the immune system. At the moment, there is insufficient evidence to establish a clear relationship between vitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19. It is necessary to conduct further research on a larger study group. The literature does not mention the use of vitamin D as a medication for COVID-19. People at risk of vitamin D deficiency should consider vitamin D supplementation at the current time of the pandemic.

Vitamin D and sleep duration: Is there a bidirectional relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mosavat ◽  
Aisling Smyth ◽  
Diana Arabiat ◽  
Lisa Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Sleep Length

AbstractVitamin D contributes to numerous physiological processes within the body but primarily calcium and bone homeostasis. Emerging evidence highlights a novel role for vitamin D in maintaining and regulating optimal sleep. Sleep is a known regulator of bone health, highlighting the interconnectedness between vitamin D concentrations, sleep duration and bone metabolism. It is possible that the relationship between sleep length and vitamin D is bidirectional, with vitamin D playing a role in sleep health and conversely, sleep affecting vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, limited information on the direction of the interaction is available, and much remains to be learned concerning the complex relationship between insufficient sleep duration and vitamin D deficiency. Given the potential to implement interventions to improve sleep and vitamin D supplementation, understanding this relationship further could represent a novel way to support and improve health.

Serum levels of 25(OH)D are not associated with venous thromboembolism in the elderly population

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (01) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Delluc ◽  
Marie-Pierre Moineau ◽  
Cécile Tromeur ◽  
Maelenn Gouillou ◽  
Karine Lacut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Walking Capacity

SummaryThe prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is important in the elderly. Previous studies have provided evidence for a possible association between vitamin D status and the risk of VTE. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and VTE in the population aged 75 and over included in the EDITH case-control study. The association between vitamin D status and VTE was analysed. We also analysed the monthly and seasonal variations of VTE and vitamin D. Between May 2000 and December 2009, 340 elderly patients (mean age 81.5 years, 32 % men) with unprovoked VTE and their controls were included. The univariate and multivariate analysis found no significant association between serum levels of vitamin D and the risk of unprovoked VTE. In the unadjusted analysis, a higher BMI was statistically associated with an increased risk of VTE (OR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.05–1.13) whereas a better walking capacity and living at home were associated with a decreased rate of VTE: OR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.36–0.90 and 0.40; 95 % CI 0.25–0.66, respectively. Although not significant, more VTE events occurred during winter (p=0.09). No seasonal variations of vitamin D levels were found (p=0.11). In conclusion, in contrast with previous reports our findings suggest that vitamin D is not associated with VTE in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Relation of serum 25(OH) D with variables of thyroid and lipid profile in perimenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Poonam Rani ◽  
Seema Gupta ◽  
Gaurav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is quite prevalent among elderly population or postmenopausal women worldwide and may affect various function of the body. The status of its deficiency with their relation with other variables are not well explored in perimenopausal women.Methods: 100 perimenopausal women from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology were selected without having known risk of thyroid disorder and cardiovascular disease. The age group criteria for these women were 40 to 50 years. Thyroid profile including TSH, T3, and T4 were estimated by using enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. Serum levels of 25(OH) D3 was estimated by using spectrophotometric method. Lipid profile including TC, TG and HDL-C were estimated CHOD-POD method, GPO-PAP method, and CHOD-POD/Phosphotungustate method. LDL-C was calculated by friedewald formula.Results: There 58 women were presented with insufficient amount of vitamin D. They were characterised with increased BMI, elevated thyrotropin alongwith lower concentrations of T3 and T4. Increased levels of TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol alongwith lower concentration of HDL-C were also observed in women with vitamin d deficiency. Women having vitamin D deficiency were presented with overweight (OR-18.0, p-value=<0.001) and dyslipidemia (OR-12.13, p-value≤0.001). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with variable i.e. BMI, TSH, TC, TG and LDL-C. This negative association was significant (<0.001) while HDL-C and T4 were positively correlated with vitamin D levels in this study population.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in middle aged perimenopausal women. Negative correlation of it with BMI, TSH and lipid variables may suggest the development of cardiovascular disease and hypothyroidism in coming years. Vitamin D supplements or vitamin D containing diet and regular exposure to sun is highly recommended to perimenopausal women.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Reducing the Frequency of Asthma Attacks in Patients with Frequent Exacerbation of Asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Mubeen Ahmed Memon ◽  
Sheeba Faryal Ansari ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Lakho ◽  
Mukhtiar Hussain Jaffery ◽  
Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Interventional Group

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is common among asthmatics with literature suggesting that its low levels in the body may trigger exacerbations and decrease the response to corticosteroid treatment. It has also shown to inhibit the production of cytokines, which in turn enhances the body’s response to corticosteroid treatment during an exacerbation. Therefore, maintenance of adequate levels of vitamin D in patients with asthma may reduce the risk of exacerbation and improve their general health. This study aims to explore the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing asthma exacerbations. Methods: This single blind parallel arm interventional study was conducted in the pulmonology ward in a tertiary care hospital from June 2018 to April 2020. Two hundred (n= 200) participants with a history of frequent acute exacerbation of asthma were enrolled in the study via consecutive convenient non-probability technique. Participants were divided into two groups; the placebo and the interventional group that received 200,000 IU of vitamin D capsule. Results: Compared to day 0, mean episodes of exacerbation in the interventional group were significantly lower after 180 days (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 0.61 ± 0.3; p-value <0.0001). Similarly, number of asthma attacks in past 7 days was significantly lower in intervention group after 180 days (4.4 ± 2.7 vs. 3.1 ± 1.5; p-value 0.0001) Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is a safe and cost-friendly approach to reducing asthma exacerbations. It may also help to improve the condition in severe asthmatics with low vitamin D levels.

Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in subgroups of elderly persons with anemia: association with anemia of inflammation

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 2800-2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd S. Perlstein ◽  
Reena Pande ◽  
Nancy Berliner ◽  
Gary J. Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Anemia Of Inflammation

AbstractAnemia and vitamin D deficiency are conditions that both result in significant morbidity and increase with age. The potential relationship between them remains poorly understood, particularly in the elderly. We used the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the association of vitamin D deficiency with anemia subtypes in persons aged ≥ 60 years. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum levels < 20 ng/mL, and anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with anemia prevalence independent of age, sex, or race/ethnicity (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.05; P = .02) and varied significantly by anemia subtype (P overall = .003). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 33.3% in the nonanemic population, 56% in anemia of inflammation (AI; P = .008), and 33.0% in unexplained anemia (P = .55). Non-Hispanic blacks had a 7-fold increased risk of AI compared with whites, and this was partially attenuated after adjusting for vitamin D deficiency. These data show that vitamin D deficiency is associated with specific subtypes of anemia in the elderly, especially in those with AI. Vitamin D may suppress inflammatory pathways, and studies to determine whether vitamin D supplementation ameliorates AI are warranted.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in serum at the onset of multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Soilu-Hänninen ◽  
L Airas ◽  
I Mononen ◽  
A Heikkilä ◽  
M Viljanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Past sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation have been associated with a reduction in the risk of MS. We measured the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) at the time of MS diagnosis in 40 MS patients and 40 controls. We found no difference in the serum levels of 25(OH)D between MS patients and controls when all samples or samples obtained during winter months were compared, but MS patients had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations in June to September than the controls. The vitamin D stores were adequate for bone metabolism (> 37 nmol/L) in 70% of MS patients throughout the year and within the hypovitaminosis level (< 37 nmol/L) in 30% of MS patients at some time of the year. During MS-relapses, 25(OH)D levels were lower than in remission, but mostly within the reference range observed in relation with normal bone metabolism. We conclude that the vitamin D stores in most MS patients are adequate for their normal bone metabolism. However, lower vitamin D levels during MS relapses than in remission suggest that vitamin D could be involved in the regulation of the clinical disease activity of MS. The optimal serum levels of vitamin D for the regulation of immune responses remain to be determined.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Merging into Immune System-Skeletal Muscle Network: Effects on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5592
Author(s):  
Clara Crescioli
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The concept that extra-skeletal functions of vitamin D impact on human health have taken place since quite ago. Among all, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on immune regulation, skeletal muscle function, and metabolism are undeniable. Adequate vitamin D levels maintain the immune system and skeletal muscle metabolism integrity, promoting whole-body homeostasis; hypovitaminosis D associates with the important decline of both tissues and promotes chronic inflammation, which is recognized to underlie several disease developments. Growing evidence shows that the immune system and skeletal muscle reciprocally dialogue, modulating each other’s function. Within this crosstalk, vitamin D seems able to integrate and converge some biomolecular signaling towards anti-inflammatory protective effects. Thus, vitamin D regulation appears even more critical at the immune system-muscle signaling intersection, rather than at the single tissue level, opening to wider/newer opportunities in clinical applications to improve health. This paper aims to focus on the immune system-skeletal muscle interplay as a multifaceted target for vitamin D in health and disease after recalling the main regulatory functions of vitamin D on those systems, separately. Some myokines, particularly relevant within the immune system/skeletal muscle/vitamin D networking, are discussed. Since vitamin D supplementation potentially offers the opportunity to maintain health, comments on this issue, still under debate, are included.

scholarly journals Are Vitamin D Levels Associated With Risk of Deep Neck Infection?

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131986549
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sıtkı Gozeler ◽  
Muhammed Sedat Sakat ◽  
Korhan Kilic ◽  
Abdulkadir Sahin ◽  
Arzu Tatar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deep Neck Infection ◽  
Neck Infection ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

Deep neck infection (DNI) refers to infections in spaces created by superficial and deep cervical fascia around the muscles and organs in the neck. Vitamin D is highly important for an effective immune system. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) have been identified in immune system cells, and particularly in T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Vitamin D deficiency is thought to result in impaired immune response, decreased leukocyte chemotaxis, and an increased disposition to infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is an underlying occult factor in the development of DNI. Sixty-five patients aged 6 to 90, diagnosed with DNI, and 70 healthy age- and sex-compatible cases were included in the study. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined in each case. 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels above 20 ng/mL were regarded as normal, 12 to 20 ng/mL as insufficient, 5 to 12 ng/mL as deficient, and less than 5 ng/mL as severely deficient. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 10.4 (6.2) ng/mL in the patient group and 15.5 (6.4) ng/mL in the control group ( P < .01). This difference was statistically significant ( P < .01). Vitamin D was within normal limits in 9.2% (n = 6) of cases in the study group, insufficient in 29.2% (n = 19), deficient in 35.3% (n = 23), and severely deficient in 26.2% (n = 17). The equivalent values in the control group were 21.4% (n = 15), 48.5% (n = 34), 30% (n = 21), and 0% (n = 0). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients with DNI compared to the healthy cases; 25(OH)D levels may be a factor in the development of DNI.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism for the Association between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Chinese People

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bing Han ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Ningjian Wang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Chunfang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Males And Females

Background. The relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance is still controversial. Many factors could influence this relationship. In addition, this relationship in different genders was still unclear. Methods. A total of 6597 subjects, including 2813 males and 3784 females, were analyzed. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, HbA1c, and other metabolic parameters were tested. The waist circumference (WC), weight, and height were also measured. Questionnaires regarding smoking and drinking were collected from these subjects. Results. Serum 25(OH)D was categorized into quartiles. Increasing 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced trend of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in both males and females. Pearson’s correlation indicated 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the HOMA-IR for male subjects (r=−0.055, P=0.028) but not for female subjects (r=−0.005, P=0.798). Age, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were associated with the vitamin D levels in males and females. In regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with HOMA-IR only in overweight males. Conclusion. We found an inverse association between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR in Chinese overweight males. Vitamin D supplementation might be beneficial in this population. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm this association.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory and Hemostatic Markers and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA ABOU-RAYA ◽  
SUZAN ABOU-RAYA ◽  
MADIHAH HELMII
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hemostatic Markers

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory autoimmune disease. Vitamin D has potent immunomodulatory properties that support its use in the treatment of autoimmune conditions, including SLE. We assessed vitamin D status in patients with SLE and determined alterations in inflammatory and hemostatic markers and disease activity before and after vitamin D supplementation.Methods.Patients with SLE (n = 267) were randomized 2:1 to receive either oral cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day or placebo for 12 months. Outcome measures included assessment of alterations in levels of proinflammatory cytokines and hemostatic markers, and improvement in disease activity before and after 12 months of supplementation. Disease activity was measured by the SLE Disease Activity Index. Vitamin D levels were measured by Liaison immunoassay (normal 30–100 ng/ml). Serum levels between 10 and 30 ng/ml were classified as vitamin D insufficiency and levels < 10 ng/ml as vitamin D deficiency.Results.The mean 25(OH)D level at baseline was 19.8 ng/ml in patients compared to 28.7 ng/ml in controls. The overall prevalence of suboptimal and deficient 25(OH)D serum levels among patients with SLE at baseline was 69% and 39%, respectively. Lower 25(OH)D levels correlated significantly with higher SLE disease activity. At 12 months of therapy, there was a significant improvement in levels of inflammatory and hemostatic markers as well as disease activity in the treatment group compared to the placebo group.Conclusion.Vitamin D supplementation in patients with SLE is recommended because increased vitamin D levels seem to ameliorate inflammatory and hemostatic markers and show a tendency toward subsequent clinical improvement. Clinical Trial Registry NCT01425775.

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