scholarly journals Shigellosis in Poland in 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 479-486
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Specific Questionnaire ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AIM. The purpose of this study evaluation of the epidemiological situation of shigellosis in Poland in years 2013-2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The evaluation was based on analysis of : data gathered and sent to Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance in NIPH-NIH by local and voivodeship sanitary stations in the form of epidemiological questionnaires. It was also based on aggregated data from annual bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland” as well as data from shigellosis outbreaks acquired through ROE system (an electronic system created for uploading, transfer and analysis of data from the outbreak investigations). All cases were reported according to the Decision 2008/426/WE. RESULTS. In the years 2013-2017 in Poland 140 shigellosis cases were reported. Mean incidence per 100 000 was 0.05. A decrease of incidence median for years 2013-2017 was observed comparing to preceding, 5- year period by 0,03. Slightly over half of cases (51%) belonged to the age group 20-44. Majority of cases were males (57.1%). In each year from described period percentage of hospitalizations was over 70%. Imported cases amounted for 28% of all cases reported in that period- most of them being imported from countries from outside UE/ EFTA. In years 2013-2017 there were 10 outbreaks of shigellosis registered, in which 47 persons got ill. CONCLUSIONS. In years 2013-2017 no clear increasing or decreasing trend in shigellosis cases was observed, however in years when epidemic outbreaks occurred there was a significant increase in the number of cases reported yearly. Because of low number of cases being reported every year, an occurrence of large outbreak may result in seasonal peak of cases shifting, which was the situation in 2017 when most cases onset was in October, while in other years it was in September. High percentage of hospitalizations in cases could mean that severe cases are more readily reported, and in the same time that other cases are underreported. Because the date on shigellosis cases are acquired through general, not shigella-specific questionnaire it may result in incomplete or missing data on exposure (e.g. information on risk group affiliation), and therefore impairs the epidemiological situation assessment. It points the need of introduction Shigella- specific questionnaire.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A in Poland in 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Piotr Polański ◽  
Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AIM. The aim of this article is to assess the epidemiological situation of Hepatitis A in Poland in 2016 with the regard to the recent years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The assessment was conducted based on the results of the analysis of data from the bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2016” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2016”, as well as information from the individual case- questionnaires and reports from epidemiological investigations in outbreaks of hepatitis A, submitted by the sanitary-epidemiological stations to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance in NIPH-NIH. RESULTS. In 2016 in Poland there were 35 cases of hepatitis A registered. Incidence per 100 000 inhabitants in the whole country was 0.09, but in different voivodeships varied from 0.03 (in Wielkopolskie voivodeship) to 0.28 (in podkarpackie voivodeship). The incidence among male was slightly higher than women and was 0.11 and 0.08/100 000 respectively. CONCLUSIONS. In 2016 a decrease in the incidence and percentage of imported cases was observed (comparing it to the previous year). Because of the increasing part of population prone to infection good epidemiological situation concerning HAV in Poland paradoxically increases the risk of an occurrence of HAV epidemic, especially in the scope of ongoing large multistate HAV outbreak among MSM. In relation to this situation the enhancement of surveillance over this disease and undertaking anti-epidemic actions gains particular importance, especially when it comes to promoting vaccinations among members of risk groups.

scholarly journals Reducing bias in risk indices for COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Paweł Michalak ◽  
Jack Cordes ◽  
Agnieszka Kulawik ◽  
Sławomir Sitek ◽  
Sławomir Pytel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Regional Disease ◽  
Over Time

Spatiotemporal modelling of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves using a variety of epidemiological metrics such as regional proportion of cases and/or regional positivity rates. Although observing changes of these indices over time is critical to estimate the regional disease burden, the dynamical properties of these measures, as well as crossrelationships, are usually not systematically given or explained. Here we provide a spatiotemporal framework composed of six commonly used and newly constructed epidemiological metrics and conduct a case study evaluation. We introduce a refined risk estimate that is biased neither by variation in population size nor by the spatial heterogeneity of testing. In particular, the proposed methodology would be useful for unbiased identification of time periods with elevated COVID-19 risk without sensitivity to spatial heterogeneity of neither population nor testing coverage.We offer a case study in Poland that shows improvement over the bias of currently used methods. Our results also provide insights regarding regional prioritisation of testing and the consequences of potential synchronisation of epidemics between regions. The approach should apply to other infectious diseases and other geographical areas.

scholarly journals The main aspects of the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases in the Republic of Dagestan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
N. S. Karnayeva ◽  
L. U. Ulukhanova ◽  
A. G. Gadzhimirzaevа ◽  
S. G. Agaevа
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Religious Reasons ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The analysis of the epidemiological situation of vaccine-preventable infections in the Republic of Dagestan. The introduction of mass vaccine prophylaxis had a positive effect on reducing the incidence of infections such as poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, and viral hepatitis B in the Republic of Dagestan. However, despite the ongoing routine immunization of the population for “controlled” infections, the incidence of measles and parotitis infection remains high in 2018, this is due to an increase in the number of people who refuse to receive preventive vaccinations, in most cases, for religious reasons.

scholarly journals A large outbreak of conjunctivitis on Mayotte Island, France, February to May 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lernout ◽  
O Maillard ◽  
S Boireaux ◽  
L Collet ◽  
L Filleul
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Acute Conjunctivitis

From February to May 2012, Mayotte experienced an outbreak of acute conjunctivitis with over 12,000 estimated cases, causing a significant burden on the primary healthcare system. It was most certainly caused by a coxsackievirus, as documented by isolation from a symptomatic traveller from the Comoros Islands in France. Tropical climate and poor hygiene conditions facilitate the spread of infectious diseases on Mayotte and in the region with risk of further exportation to mainland France and Europe.

scholarly journals Increased risk of yellow fever infections among unvaccinated European travellers due to ongoing outbreak in Brazil, July 2017 to March 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline M Gossner ◽  
Joana M Haussig ◽  
Chiara de Bellegarde de Saint Lary ◽  
Kaja Kaasik Aaslav ◽  
Patricia Schlagenhauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination

Since December 2016, Brazil has faced a large outbreak of yellow fever with ca 1,500 confirmed human cases. In the first 2 months of 2018, Brazil reported almost as many cases as in 2017 as a whole. In these 2 months, five imported cases were reported among unvaccinated European travellers. Three had travelled to Ilha Grande, a popular destination among European tourists. Physicians and European travellers visiting Brazil should follow yellow fever vaccination recommendations.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF INVESTIGATION OF A LARGE OUTBREAK OF A TULAREMIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK REGION IN 2013

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
N. A. Ostapenko ◽  
I. I. Kozlova ◽  
M. G. Solovieva ◽  
T. F. Stepanova ◽  
V. V. Mefodiev
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Aim. The experience of investigating a major outbreak of tularemia among the population of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk Region in 2013. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological monitoring of activity of foci of tularemia in KhMAO for a long period of time, the results of laboratory studies of biological materials and environmental objects on infection with tularemia pathogen during investigation of the outbreak in 2013 are analyzed. Results. The causes and features of the outbreak development, anti-epidemic and preventive measures were analyzed. An algorithm for investigating tularemia outbreaks has been developed and the effectiveness of preventive and antiepidemic measures for their elimination in a strained natural focus has been shown. Conclusion. Monitoring of natural foci of tularemia confirms the continued preservation of their activity and viability. The transmissive nature of outbreaks causes their scale and intensity, the need for permanent disinsection and deratization measures. The invasion of rodents into populated areas can be considered a predictive sign of the deterioration of the epidemiological situation and the onset of outbreak, which allows taking anti-epidemic measures in advance. Systemic interdepartmental interaction (health care, executive authorities) is needed to strengthen attention to prevention and build up a cautious attitude towards the problem of tularemia.

scholarly journals COVID-19 module in SRWE system – application and use in epidemiological surveillance and reporting to international institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 416-431
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring

The new SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) coronavirus causing acute respiratory disease COVID-19 (2019 coronavirus disease) detected in China in 2019 very quickly revealed its epidemic potential and was recognized as a global health problem. The situation caused by the rapidly increasing number of new cases and deaths due to COVID-19 required the rapid development of international recommendations and procedures to limit the spread of infections and ongoing monitoring of the epidemiological situation. In the field of epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 cases, international organizations - WHO and regionally ECDC, have developed basic requirements for reporting data on newly detected cases of infection. In order to ensure the possibility of reporting new cases and activities undertaken by sanitary-epidemiological services in the country and to fulfill the obligation to report data to the European surveillance network, it was necessary to adapt the electronic system supporting epidemiological surveillance operations, for registration of suspected and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This work presents the characteristics of the new COVID-19 module created as part of the central Epidemiological Case Reporting System and a preliminary evaluation of its usefulness for the purposes of combating COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS. The Epidemiological Case Reporting System is an efficient and adequate tool that can be adapted to newly emerging threats. In order to use the module to monitor the current epidemiological situation, it is necessary to integrate it with other systems collecting data about COVID-19 patients – ie. EWP and the clinical patient register.

scholarly journals Pertussis in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rumik ◽  
Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz ◽  
Jolanta Rudowska ◽  
Aleksandra Wiktor
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Acellular Vaccines ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Expert Recommendations

INTRODUCTION. After the introduction of compulsory pertussis vaccination in Poland in 1960, there was a sharp decline in the incidence of this disease. For several years, however, an increase in the number of reported cases has been observed. In 2015 and 2016, the incidence was 12.9 and 17.8 per 100 000 population, respectively (1). The year 2017 can be treated as an inter-epidemic year in which there was a significant decrease (by 55.1%) incidence to 8.0 per 100 000 population compared to the previous year. Pertussis who are still old who may be the source of infection for non-immunized or not fully immunized newborns and infants are still a high percentage. Vaccination in accordance with the current calendar remains the most effective strategy for preventing illness. In our country, research is being carried out to optimize pertussis vaccination schedules using both whole-cell and acellular vaccines. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland in 2017 compared to the situation in previous years, with particular emphasis on assessing the vaccination status of children against pertussis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The assessment of the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland was carried out on the basis of the results of the analysis of individual reports of suspected pertussis cases sent to NIZP-PZH by provincial sanitary-epidemiological stations and data from the bulletin ‘Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017’ (2) and the bulletin ‘Protective vaccinations in Poland in 2017’ (3). RESULTS. In 2017, 3 061 pertussis cases were recorded. The incidence was 8.0 per 100 000 population and was 55% lower than in the previous year (17.8). The highest incidence of pertussis occurred in persons in the age group 0-4 years (37.0), and high in children and adolescents aged 5-9 and 10-14 years - 21.4 and 25.7 per 100 000 population. From 3 061 pertussis patients, 762 people (i.e. 25%) were hospitalized. In 2017, no deaths from pertussis were reported. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. The number of pertussis cases observed in 2017 indicates the persistent circulation of bacteria in the environment and the persistent susceptibility of the population to infection. Still, the only effective strategy to reduce the number of cases of vaccination remains the use of vaccinations according to the current calendar and expert recommendations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 screening center models in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eon Kim ◽  
Ji Ho Lee ◽  
Hocheol Lee ◽  
Seok Jun Moon ◽  
Eun Woo Nam
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Role Model ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Community Transmission

Abstract In a recent report, the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) introduced South Korea’s measures to manage COVID-19 as role model for the world. Screening centers serve as frontiers for preventing community transmission of infectious diseases. COVID-19 screening centers in Korea operate 24 h a day, always open for individuals with suspected COVID-19 symptoms. South Korea concentrated COVID-19 screening centers around cities with high population density. Advanced screening centers (models C, D, and E) proved more effective and efficient in the prevention of COVID-19 than the traditional screening centers (models A and B). Particularly, screening centers at Incheon Airport in South Korea prevent transmission through imported cases effectively. It will be important elsewhere, as in South Korea, to establish an infectious disease delivery system that can lead to 'Test-Treat-Track' using an adequate model of screening centers.

EXPERIENCE ON LIQUIDATION OF FOCI OF ORNITHOSIS IN THE ORENBURG REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
N.E. Vyaltsina ◽  
A.G. Yakovlev ◽  
E.G. Plotnikova ◽  
N.N. Vereshchagin ◽  
A.G. Korneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Veterinary Service ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article presents the experience of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Orenburg region on eradication of an ornithosis outbreak. The incidence of people with ornithosis was a consequence of gross violations of veterinary and sanitary rules, namely rules of birds keeping, their transportation, delayed diagnosis of ornithosis by veterinary service and inopportune realization of antiepizootic measures. The cooperation of Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Orenburg region with all interested services allowed to stop the outbreak of ornithosis during one incubation period and had a positive impact on further work on the prevention of infectious diseases. Since 2009 the epidemiological situation of ornithosis in the region remains safe.

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