scholarly journals Five years prospective survey of antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides and Parabacteroides isolated from inpatients of clinical hospital in Warsaw, Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Objectives: Diagnostics of anaerobic bacterial infections and determination of drug susceptibility are technically difficult and time-consuming; therefore, the number of studies on Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli is significantly limited, especially in Europe. The aim of the study was to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of clinically important anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis. Strains were isolated from infections of patients hospitalized at one Polish hospital as a result of routine microbiological diagnostics. Material and methods: Clinical isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 276 strains was carried out by E-test gradient strip to commonly used antibiotics i.e. benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole. MIC values were determined. The interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in accordance with The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommendations. Results: Susceptibility tests of all isolates yielded the following rates of resistance to the evaluated β-lactam antibiotics: benzylpenicillin (96%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (7.6%), imipenem (2.1%). In presented study 38.8% of clindamycin-resistant strains were isolated, among them 18.3% of B. fragilis and 53.85% P. distasonis. All strain were susceptible to metronidazole. Conclusions: Obtained results and analysis of the results of other researchers convinces us that it is necessary to routinely or at least periodically monitor drug susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria and use targeted therapy based on the result of the antibiogram. Although high percentage of the tested Bacteroides and Parabacteroides strains remained susceptible to metronidazole and β-lactam antibiotics the use of clindamycin in empirical therapy may not be efficacious. Antibiogram results should be consult with the staff responsible for patient treatment and hospital antibiotic policies.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE AND QUINOLONE RESISTANCE GENES AND EVALUATION OF POLYMYXIN B SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE IN ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII CLINICAL ISOLATES IN TEHRAN, IRAN DURING 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e2018044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Heidary
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen, responsible for approximately 10% of all gram-negative nosocomial infection. The main aims of this study were to detect aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance genes among clinical isolates of A. baumannii and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Current study was performed from February 2015 to April 2016, at two teaching hospitals. One-hundred A. baumannii isolates were collected from different clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Detection of the qnrA, anrB, qnrS, aac(3)-IIa, and aac(6′)-Ib genes was done by PCR assay. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that polymyxin B was the most effective drug against isolates of A. baumannii and the isolates were most resistant to cefepime (97%), ceftriaxone (95%), and amikacin (82%). The aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib, and qnrA genes were found in 45%, 50%, and 50% of isolates, respectively. However, qnrB and qnrS genes could not be detected in any A. baumannii isolate.This study showed that there is a high level of resistance genes among clinical isolates of A. baumannii circulating in hospitals in Iran. This high prevalence rate highlights the necessity for establishing rapid diagnostic assays, more antimicrobial susceptibility tests, continuous antibiotic resistance monitoring.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Aminoglycoside, Quinolone, Iran

scholarly journals Advances in Rapid Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
Kamla Prasad Mishra ◽  
Divya Singh ◽  
Lilly Ganju ◽  
Bhuvnesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The rise of antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem of the millennium. Clinical microbiology plays an important role in combating the problem by facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics thus managing infection in patients. Diagnostic failures are a major limiting factor during bacterial infection that causes inappropriate use of antibiotics, delay in start up of treatment and decrease in the survival rate during septic conditions. Thus rapid and reliable detection is highly relevant during such bacterial infections and also at the time of disease outbreak as many such pathogens can be used as biothreat agents or bioweapons affecting human health and posing risk to national security. This review highlights the importance of various methods for fast pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility determination. These methods have the potential to provide very precise and rapid ways for bacterial screening and identifying the correct antibiotics to cure infection

scholarly journals The accuracy of four commercial broth microdilution tests in the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlangga Yusuf ◽  
Mireille van Westreenen ◽  
Wil Goessens ◽  
Peter Croughs
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Composite Reference Standard

Abstract Colistin is considered as one of the last-resort antibiotics and reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing is therefore crucial. The reference standard for AST according to EUCAST and CLSI is broth microdilution (BMD). However, BMD is labor intensive to perform. Commercial antimicrobial susceptibility tests derived from BMD method are available. We investigated the performance of four different commercial tests: Sensititre™, SensiTest™ Colistin, Micronaut MIC Strip Colistin and UMIC Colistin using 70 clinical isolates (half of them was deemed by VITEK2 as resistant), including isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and mcr-1 bearing isolates. We used two reference standards: BMD and composite MIC as determined by all four tests. Sensititre™ had essential agreement (EA, defined as minimum inhibitory concentration within ± 1 dilution) of 87% and 89% compared to BMD and composite reference standard, respectively. For SensiTest™, the EA’s were 93% and 90%. For UMIC, 87% and 90%, and for Micronaut, 83% and 84%. All four tests demonstrated categorical agreement (CA) above 90%. CA for SensiTest™ and Micronaut was both 96%, UMIC 94%, and Sensititre™ 93%. All tests were reproducible as tested in two quality control isolates. In conclusion, in clinical isolates from a large referral center, the four commercial tests for determination of colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations showed acceptable performance.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Salmonellosis in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Legesse Garedew ◽  
Semaria Solomon ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Hilina Worku ◽  
Debela Gemeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background. Diagnosis using reliable tools and treatment followingin vitroantimicrobial susceptibility tests are critical to proper addressing of antibiotic-resistantSalmonellainfection.Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the practice of diagnosis and treatment of salmonellosis in Addis Ababa. Tube Widal test (for blood samples only), culture, biochemical and carbohydrate fermentation, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were employed for both blood and stool samples.Results. Of all the diseases listed in the diagnosis, nontyphoidal (n=72, 13.71%) and typhoidal (n=47, 8.95%) salmonellosis were the second and third common diseases. Among the 288 blood samples, almost half were positive for O, H, or both antigens. However, only 1 (0.68%) of the positive blood samples yieldedSalmonellaisolate during culture. The study demonstrated low specificity (0.68%) and positive predictive value (48.78%) of Widal test. Conversely, the test showed 100% sensitivity and negative predictive values.Salmonellaisolates were identified from 7 (7.07%) of 99 stool samples. Two-thirds of salmonellosis suspected patients received antibiotic treatment. However, only half of the confirmed salmonellosis patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics. All of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone but resistant to ampicillin.Conclusions. Majority of the patients who participated in this study were wrongly diagnosed using symptoms, clinical signs, and tube Widal test. Consequently, most of the patients received inappropriate treatment.

Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from humans in California, 1968-1975

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
M L Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Breast Abscess ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
California Department ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

This paper reports on the serological and biochemical characteristics of 24 human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica submitted to the California Department of Health from 1968 through 1975. Nine different serotypes were represented. The majority of strains were serotype O:8 (six strains) and serotype O:5 (five strains). Sources of the isolates included feces (12 cases), blood (3), sputum or throat (3), bile or bowel drainage (2), wounds (2), breast abscess (1), and skin abscess (1). Clinical histories indicated a number of different syndromes. Underlying medical conditions existed in 13 cases. Results of selected biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on the strains indicated grouping compatible with the O serotypes of the organisms.

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