scholarly journals Characteristics of own collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, hosts of bacteriophages

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Monika Brzychczy-Włoch ◽  
Dorota Ochońska ◽  
Anna Dobrut ◽  
Ewa Olchawa ◽  
Małgorzata Bulanda
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Arginine Dihydrolase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biochemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Spot Tests ◽  
High Degree

Introduction: The paper presents the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the collection of 18 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates used as host indicators to study the lytic range of 12 phages against P. aeruginosa. Methods: The phages host ranges were assayed by spot tests. Phenotypic characteristics of strains was investigated by the API 20NE biochemical fingerprinting, oxidase tests, the production of pyocyanin, fluorescein and L-arginine dihydrolase. Resistance profiles were analyzed. The PCR method and sequencing were used to study the distribution the genes of alkaline protease (aprA), exotoxin A (exoA), elastase B (lasB), exotoxins (exoS/T/U/Y), phenazine modyfing genes (phzM, phzS) and to identify selected β-lactamases (blaGES, blaIMP, blaKPC, blaOXA-2, blaOXA-10, blaPER, blaSPM-1, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaVIM). Additionaly, the genetic diversity was investigated by PFGE.116 M. Brzychczy-Włoch i inni Nr 2-4 Results: Twenteen newly isolated P. aeruginosa phages were found to lyse 100% of the analyzed strains. Phages PAR_3 and PAR_10 exhibited the highest lytic activity against isolates, lysing, 77,8% strains tested. The other phages, PAR_9 and PAR_12, presented generally weaker activity against bacteria, lysing respectively, 50% and 44,4% of tested strains. AprA, exoA, phzM, phzS were presented in all strains; lasB in 77,8%. The most frequentlycombination of egzoenzyme genes S+/T+/U-/Y+ in 78% isolates was remarked. In collection, 18 different resistance profiles were observed and 44% isolates were classified as MDR. The blaGES was the most prevalent gene (44%), followed by blaSPM-1 and blaTEM detected in 17% and 11,1% isolates, respectively. BlaOXA-2 was detected in only 5,5% of all isolates. In PFGE method, 18 singletons (A-S) were identified. No relationship between resistance, virulence and PFGE groups was found. Conclusion: In summarize, all phages infect multiple host species and showed a broad lytic spectrum. All bacteria tested were infected by multiple phages and displayed a wide range of susceptibility. In general, we observed a high degree of genetic diversity and individuality of the studied P. aeruginosa collection, bacteriophage hosts.

scholarly journals (235) Genetic Diversity Analysis of Five Passiflora Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002A-1002
Author(s):  
Eric Stafne ◽  
Jon Lindstrom ◽  
John Clark
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North American ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
High Degree

Passiflora is an important ornamental genus, mainly within tropical zones. However, two cold-hardy, North American Passiflora species exist. Previous work has been done to incorporate these species into breeding programs with some success. The intent of this study was to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity among five different Passiflora genotypes, including the two native North American species, P. incarnata L. and P. lutea L. Results indicate low genetic similarity among all genotypes with none at 50% or greater. P. incarnata and the ornamental cultivar `Lady Margaret' displayed the highest relationship at 49%. P. incarnata averaged 35.5% similarity with the other genotypes and P. lutea was 29.5%. Average overall similarity among all genotypes was 31.1%. These and other results show that the Passiflora genus has a high degree of genetic variation and breeding efforts could expand interest within North America.

Morphological and molecular characterization of underutilized medicinal wild ginger (Zingiber barbatum Wall.) from Myanmar

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noladhi Wicaksana ◽  
Syed Abdullah Gilani ◽  
Dawood Ahmad ◽  
Akira Kikuchi ◽  
Kazuo N. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Zingiber barbatum Wall. (family Zingiberaceae), is an underutilized medicinal plant and commonly known as ‘Meik tha-lin’ in Myanmar where it is used in the indigenous system of medicine. In the present study, 19 accessions of Z. barbatum from five provinces in Myanmar have been utilized to characterize and assess genetic diversity. Twenty-nine morphological characters were noted, including growth habit, leaf, pseudo-stem and rhizome characters. Fifteen primer sets of P450-based analogue (PBA) markers were used to reveal molecular characteristics. Of the 29 morphological characters, 22 showed a high degree of variation within wild ginger accessions, whereas 20 of these characters contributed significantly to morphological variation. Eleven amplified primer sets gave a total of 175 bands and exhibited 92.15% polymorphism across Z. barbatum accessions. Based on morphological characters and PBA markers, 19 accessions can be divided into two morphotype groups with comparatively higher genetic diversity. This information can be applied in future crop improvement, proper conservation and better use of this underutilized medicinal species.

scholarly journals DEFORMATION MONITORING OF MATERIALS UNDER STRESS IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol III-5 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Skarlatos ◽  
S. Yiatros
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Structural Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Structural Specimen ◽  
Limited Testing

Photogrammetry is a valid alternative solution to linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) measurements in structural testing in laboratory conditions. Although the use of LVDTs boasts a high degree of accuracy, on the other hand it is limiting as it offers measurements between two points and it thus might be unable to capture localized deformations and strains over a bigger area of a structural specimen. In this aspect photogrammetry seems to offer certain advantages. Commercial solutions provide limited testing envelopes, while on the other hand, the wide range on new materials need more versatile techniques. Based on the need to develop an in-house photogrammetric toolbox to support several structural and material experiments in the department Advanced Pore Morphology (APM) aluminium foam specimens developed at Fraunhofer IFAM in Germany and cured at CUT, were tested under monotonic compressive load. Data acquisition, analysis and results, along with lessons learnt from the process are presented in this work.

scholarly journals DEFORMATION MONITORING OF MATERIALS UNDER STRESS IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol III-5 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
D. Skarlatos ◽  
S. Yiatros
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Structural Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Structural Specimen ◽  
Limited Testing

Photogrammetry is a valid alternative solution to linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) measurements in structural testing in laboratory conditions. Although the use of LVDTs boasts a high degree of accuracy, on the other hand it is limiting as it offers measurements between two points and it thus might be unable to capture localized deformations and strains over a bigger area of a structural specimen. In this aspect photogrammetry seems to offer certain advantages. Commercial solutions provide limited testing envelopes, while on the other hand, the wide range on new materials need more versatile techniques. Based on the need to develop an in-house photogrammetric toolbox to support several structural and material experiments in the department Advanced Pore Morphology (APM) aluminium foam specimens developed at Fraunhofer IFAM in Germany and cured at CUT, were tested under monotonic compressive load. Data acquisition, analysis and results, along with lessons learnt from the process are presented in this work.

scholarly journals Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator: A Novel Class of Anti-inflammatory Compounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Mujahid A. Alsulaimani ◽  
Mahmoud Alsulaimani
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Degree

Background: Glucocorticoids exert a wide range of physiological effects. They  effectively control various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and play an important role in organ transplantation. Glucocorticoids are associated with unfavorable side effects that restrict their utilization. The most undesirable side effects are related to the transactivation of target genes. On the other hand, the transrepression of the genes is also responsible for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator of glucocorticoids. Principal Findings: The separation between these two processes through alteration in glucocorticoid receptor resulting in a compound with similar GCs benefit activity with fewer side effects. This review will discuss the molecular mechanism and summarizes the most common compounds and their beneficial effect in preclinical experiments. Conclusion: Several compounds that possess this feature are tested in preclinical experiments with promising results. These compounds are expected to be a better alternative to GCs drugs in the management of different diseases with a high degree of effectiveness.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic diversity of animal and human Mycobacterium avium strains by IS1245-IS1311 spacer typing

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pate ◽  
M. Ocepek ◽  
M. Zolnir-Dovc ◽  
B. Krt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity

A PCR method previously developed for typing Mycobacterium avium was used to characterize the genetic diversity of M. avium strains isolated from swine (n = 90) and humans (n = 24). The strains were identified with IS901 PCR and IS1245 PCR: 38 strains were of IS901+ and IS1245+ genotype (M. avium subsp. avium) and 76 strains were of IS901– and IS1245+ genotype (M. avium subsp. hominissuis). All human isolates were IS901 negative. IS1245-IS1311 spacer typing was successfully accomplished for 59 isolates while 55 isolates gave no amplification signal. The isolates with negative typing results were additionally tested for the presence of IS1311 and all with the exception of one gave positive results. IS1245-IS1311 spacer typing failed in all IS901+ isolates as they yielded no bands. A high degree of heterogeneity among isolates was observed: 59 isolates demonstrated 43 different patterns comprising up to 6 bands.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Understanding Conformational Entropy in Small Molecules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Chan ◽  
Garrett Morris ◽  
Geoffrey Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Conformational Entropy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Empirical Corrections

The calculation of the entropy of flexible molecules can be challenging, since the number of possible conformers grows exponentially with molecule size and many low-energy conformers may be thermally accessible. Different methods have been proposed to approximate the contribution of conformational entropy to the molecular standard entropy, including performing thermochemistry calculations with all possible stable conformations, and developing empirical corrections from experimental data. We have performed conformer sampling on over 120,000 small molecules generating some 12 million conformers, to develop models to predict conformational entropy across a wide range of molecules. Using insight into the nature of conformational disorder, our cross-validated physically-motivated statistical model can outperform common machine learning and deep learning methods, with a mean absolute error ≈4.8 J/mol•K, or under 0.4 kcal/mol at 300 K. Beyond predicting molecular entropies and free energies, the model implies a high degree of correlation between torsions in most molecules, often as- sumed to be independent. While individual dihedral rotations may have low energetic barriers, the shape and chemical functionality of most molecules necessarily correlate their torsional degrees of freedom, and hence restrict the number of low-energy conformations immensely. Our simple models capture these correlations, and advance our understanding of small molecule conformational entropy.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

p-Sulfonic acid calix[n]arene catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bubun Banerjee ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Navdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Bioactive Heterocycles

: Metal-free organocatalysts are becoming an important tool for the sustainable developments of various bioactive heterocycles. On the other hand, during last two decades, calix[n]arenes have been gaining considerable attention due to their wide range of applicability in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Recently, sulfonic acid functionalized calix[n] arenes are being employed as an efficient alternative catalyst for the synthesis of various bioactive scaffolds. In this review we have summarized the catalytic efficiency of p-sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes for the synthesis of diverse biologically promising scaffolds under various reaction conditions. There is no such review available in the literature showing the catalytic applicability of p-sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes. Therefore, we strongly believe that this review will surely attract those researchers who are interested about this fascinating organocatalyst.

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