scholarly journals Consomic Strain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Consomic Strain

Abstract P040: Role of 20-HETE in Elevated Blood Pressure in Hyperandrogenemic Female Rats, a Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan N Patil ◽  
Carolina Dalmasso ◽  
Rodrigo O Maranon ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Consomic Strain

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive disorder in premenopausal women, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, metabolic syndrome and inflammation. They also exhibit elevated blood pressure (BP) but may not be treated since they do not meet the criteria for hypertension (BP>130/90 mm Hg). We have characterized a female rat model of hyperandrogenemia (HAF) using dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that mimics many characteristics of women with PCOS. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that androgen-induced upregulation of the cytochrome P450 4A2 isoform (CYP4A2) and the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in renal microvasculature contributes to the elevated BP in HAF rats. Female rats of SS.5BN consomic strain (wild type) rats and CYP4A2-/- rats on this same background were implanted with DHT (7.5mg/90d) or placebo pellets (n=5-8/grp) beginning at 6 wks of age; pellets were changed every 85 d. At 14 wks of age, rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured for 10 days. Endogenous 20-HETE levels were measured using LC-MS in renal microvessels isolated using an Evans Blue sieving technique. DHT-treated HAF-SS.5BN rats had significantly higher MAP compared to placebo-SS.5BN (128±6 vs. 104±1 mmHg, p<0.004). In contrast, HAF-CYP4A2-/- rats had no change in MAP compared to placebo-CYP4A2-/- controls (120±4 vs 118±3 mmHg, p=NS). Endogenous 20-HETE levels in renal microvessels of HAF-SS.5BN rats were significantly increased compared to Placebo-SS.5BN (2.27±0.91 vs. 0.32±0.037 pmol/mg, p<0.01). The 20-HETE levels were lower in CYP4A2-/- than SS.5BN but DHT in HAF-CYP4A2-/- had no effect on 20-HETE levels compared to Placebo- CYP4A2-/-. These results suggest that androgen-mediated upregulation of the expression of CYP4A2 and the production of 20-HETE in renal microvessels contribute to elevated BP in HAF rats. These data also suggest that methods to attenuate 20-HETE may provide a novel therapeutic to reduce BP in women with PCOS. Work supported by NIH RO1HL66072 and PO1HL51971.

Abstract 36: Deficiency in the Production of 20-HETE Contributes to Impaired Myogenic and TGF Responses in the Afferent Arteriole of Dahl S Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ge ◽  
Fan Fan ◽  
Sydney R Murphy ◽  
Jan Michael Williams ◽  
Ruisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Afferent Arteriole ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Renal Vasculature ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Consomic Strain

Previous studies have indicated that a deficiency in the formation of 20-HETE in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle in Dahl S rats increases sodium reabsorption and contributes to the development of hypertension. The present study examined whether the lack of 20-HETE production in the renal vasculature contributes to the progression of renal injury by altering the myogenic or tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response of the afferent arteriole (Af-Art). The production of 20-HETE was significantly lower by 54% in renal microvessels isolated from the kidneys of Dahl S rats versus that seen than in SS.5BN consomic strain in which chromosome 5 from the Brown Norway (BN) rat containing the CYP4A genes responsible for the formation of 20-HETE was transferred into the Dahl S genetic background. The luminal diameter of the Af-Art decreased by 14.7± 1.5% (from 20.5 ± 0.7 to 17.5 ± 0.8 μm, n=6) in SS.5BN rats whereas the diameter of the Af-Art remained unaltered in Dahl S rats (from 20.1 ± 0.6 to 21.7 ± 0.6 μm, n=7) when the perfusion pressure was increased from 60 mmHg to 120 mmHg. In other experiments, adenosine (1 μM) reduced the diameter of the Af-Art in the SS.5BN rats by 15±0.7% (from 20.1 ±0.4 to 17.1 ± 0.9 μm, n=3) whereas the Af-Art of Dahl S rats was unaltered. However, administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016 (1 μM, n=6), or a selective 20-HETE antagonist, 6, 15-20-HEDE (10 μM, n=6) completely blocked the myogenic and adenosine responses in the Af-Art of SS.5BN rats but it had no effect in Dahl S rats. Administration of a 20-HETE agonist, 5, 14-20-HEDE (1 μM) restored the myogenic response (from 20.7 ± 0.7 to 17.6 ± 0.6 μm, n=7) and vasoconstrictor response to adenosine in the Af-Art of Dahl S rats. These studies confirm the key role of 20-HETE in modulating the responsiveness of the Af-Art and indicate that a deficiency in the formation of 20-HETE in renal microvessels contributes to the marked susceptibility of Dahl S rats to develop hypertension induced renal injury.

Nephron deficit is not required for progressive proteinuria development in the Munich Wistar Frömter rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Schulz ◽  
Jonna Hänsch ◽  
Kristina Kuhn ◽  
Maria Schlesener ◽  
Peter Kossmehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Consomic Strain ◽  
Nephron Deficit

The Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rat represents a genetic model with an inherited nephron deficit and exhibits mild hypertension and progressive albuminuria, which is more pronounced in males than females. Previously, we demonstrated in a consomic strain that replacement of a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 6 normalized the nephron deficit and suppressed albuminuria development, suggesting a link between the two findings. Here we tested the role of a second major locus linked to albuminuria in MWF on chromosome 8 and generated the consomic strain MWF-8SHR by transfer of chromosome 8 from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) into MWF. The early onset of albuminuria at 8 wk of age in MWF (>50-fold increase compared with SHR) was significantly suppressed in consomic animals, and the development of marked proteinuria at 32 wk significantly diminished. Total nephron number in consomic rats (23,771 ± 1,352) and MWF (27,028 ± 1,322) were similar and significantly lower (−36%) compared with SHR (36,979 ± 1,352, P < 0.0001). The development of mild albuminuria in female MWF was also significantly diminished in MWF-8SHR. Thus, the development of overt and mild albuminuria in male and female MWF rats is not a mandatory consequence of the inherited nephron deficit. The locus on chromosome 8 appears of interest, because its exchange between MWF and SHR protects against the development of albuminuria in MWF-8SHR animals despite their inherited nephron deficit and higher systolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Role of 20-HETE in the antihypertensive effect of transfer of chromosome 5 from Brown Norway to Dahl salt-sensitive rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (10) ◽  
pp. R1209-R1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Williams ◽  
Fan Fan ◽  
Sydney Murphy ◽  
Carlos Schreck ◽  
Jozef Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Glomerular Injury ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Brown Norway Rat ◽  
Consomic Strain

This study examined whether substitution of chromosome 5 containing the CYP4A genes from Brown Norway rat onto the Dahl S salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background upregulates the renal production of 20-HETE and attenuates the development of hypertension. The expression of CYP4A protein and the production of 20-HETE were significantly higher in the renal cortex and outer medulla of SS.5BN (chromosome 5-substituted Brown Norway rat) consomic rats fed either a low-salt (LS) or high-salt (HS) diet than that seen in SS rats. The increase in the renal production of 20-HETE in SS.5BN rats was associated with elevated expression of CYP4A2 mRNA. MAP measured by telemetry rose from 117 ± 1 to 183 ± 5 mmHg in SS rats fed a HS diet for 21 days, but only increased to 151 ± 5 mmHg in SS.5BN rats. The pressure-natriuretic and diuretic responses were twofold higher in SS.5BN rats compared with SS rats. Protein excretion rose to 354 ± 17 mg/day in SS rats fed a HS diet for 21 days compared with 205 ± 13 mg/day in the SS.5BN rats, and the degree of glomerular injury was reduced. Baseline glomerular capillary pressure (Pgc) was similar in SS.5BN rats (43 ± 1 mmHg) and Dahl S (44 ± 2 mmHg) rats. However, Pgc increased to 59 ± 3 mmHg in SS rats fed a HS diet for 7 days, while it remained unaltered in SS.5BN rats (43 ± 2 mmHg). Chronic administration of an inhibitor of the synthesis of 20-HETE (HET0016, 10 mg·kg−1·day−1 iv) reversed the antihypertensive phenotype seen in the SS.5BN rats. These findings indicate that the transfer of chromosome 5 from the BN rat onto the SS genetic background increases the renal expression of CYP4A protein and the production of 20-HETE and that 20-HETE contributes to the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects seen in the SS.5BN consomic strain.

Identification of a QTL on chromosome 1 for impaired autoregulation of RBF in fawn-hooded hypertensive rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. F1213-F1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo López ◽  
Robert P. Ryan ◽  
Carol Moreno ◽  
Albert Sarkis ◽  
Jozef Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Significant Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Genetic Linkage Analysis ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Congenic Strains ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Consomic Strain

The present study evaluated whether the impairment in autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) in the fawn-hooded Hypertensive (FHH) rat colocalizes with the Rf-1 region on chromosome 1 that has been previously linked to the development of proteinuria in this strain. Autoregulation of RBF was measured in FHH and a consomic strain (FHH.1BN) in which chromosome 1 from the Brown-Norway (BN) rat was introgressed into the FHH genetic background. The autoregulation indexes (AI) averaged 0.80 ± 0.08 in the FHH and 0.19 ± 0.05 in the FHH.1BN rats. We next performed a genetic linkage analysis for autoregulation of RBF in 85 F2 rats generated from a backcross of FHH.1BN consomic and FHH rats. The results revealed a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a peak logarithm of the odds score of 6.3 near marker D1Rat376. To confirm the existence of this QTL, five overlapping congenic strains were created that spanned the region from markers D1Rat234 to D1Mit14. Transfer of a region of BN chromosome 1 from markers D1Mgh13 to D1Rat89 into the FHH genetic background improved autoregulation of RBF (AI = 0.23 ± 0.04) and reduced protein excretion. In contrast, RBF was poorly autoregulated and the rats were not protected from proteinuria in congenic strains in which other regions of chromosome 1 that exclude the D1Rat376 marker were transferred. These results indicate that there is a gene(s) that influences autoregulation of RBF and proteinuria between markers D1Mgh13 and D1Rat89 on chromosome 1 that lies within the confidence interval of the Rf-1 QTL previously linked to the development of proteinuria in FHH rats.

scholarly journals Sex-specific differences in chromosome-dependent regulation of vascular reactivity in female consomic rat strains from a SS × BN cross

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R516-R527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pat Kunert ◽  
Melinda R. Dwinell ◽  
Ines Drenjancevic Peric ◽  
Julian H. Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Consomic Strain ◽  
Induced Changes

High-throughput studies in the Medical College of Wisconsin Program for Genomic Applications (Physgen) were designed to link chromosomes with physiological function in consomic strains derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive SS/JrHsdMcwi (SS) and Brown Norway normotensive BN/NHsdMcwi (BN) rats. The specific goal of the vascular protocol was to characterize the responses of aortic rings from these strains to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli (phenylephrine, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and bath hypoxia) to identify chromosomes that either increase or decrease vascular reactivity to these vasoactive stimuli. Because previous studies demonstrated sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to regulation of cardiovascular phenotypes in an F2 cross between the parental strains, males and females of each consomic strain were included in all experiments. As there were significant sex-specific differences in aortic sensitivity to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli compared with the parental SS strain, we report the results of the females separately from the males. There were also sex-specific differences in aortic ring sensitivity to these vasoactive stimuli in consomic strains that were fed a high-salt diet (4% NaCl) for 3 wk to evaluate salt-induced changes in vascular reactivity. Differences in genetic architecture could contribute to sex-specific differences in the development and expression of cardiovascular diseases via differential regulation and expression of genes. Our findings are the first to link physiological traits with specific chromosomes in female SS rats and support the idea that sex is an important environmental variable that plays a role in the expression and regulation of genes.

Segregation analysis of the testis-determining autosomal trait, Tda, that differs between the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains suggests a multigenic threshold model

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Eisner ◽  
Brenda A. Eales ◽  
Fred G. Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Segregation Analysis ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Backcross Generation ◽  
Testis Development ◽  
Consomic Strain ◽  
Strain Background

The testis-determining autosomal trait (Tda) of the mouse was uncovered when the Y chromosome of the poschiavinus variety of Mus musculus domesticus was introduced into the C57BL/6J laboratory strain background. Testis development is normal in the F1 generation but, in the backcross and subsequent crosses to C57BL/6J females, XY individuals with the poschiavinus Y chromosome expressed bilateral ovaries or various combinations of an ovotestis with a contralateral ovary or testis or bilateral ovotestes and few had testes bilaterally. In other strain backgrounds, such as DBA/2J, XY individuals with the poschiavinus Y chromosome always expressed normal testes bilaterally. The first breeding analysis of this difference in the interaction of strain background with the poschiavinus Y chromosome suggested that the Tda trait was due to a single gene, but attempts to map it failed. We constructed two strains of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J that are consomic for the poschiavinus Y chromosome in order to conduct a segregation analysis of the Tda trait. In the C57BL/6J.Y-POS consomic strain, liability to express incomplete testis development is normally distributed and thresholds in development specify the probability of different classes of ovary, ovotestis, and testis combinations. Testis development is complete in the DBA/2J.Y-POS consomic strain. We demonstrated previously that the Tda trait of C57BL/6J is recessive to that of DBA/2J and the segregating first backcross generation of embryos rejected the single-gene model. We have extended our analysis to a F2 generation of embryos that also rejects a single-gene model. We also report a test mating analysis of the first backcross generation. It was initiated to provide an independent assessment of the single-gene model, but the analysis of the distribution of test mating results suggests that the difference in the Tda trait between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J may be due to a small number of loci, possibly four or five, and that the phenotypic effect between loci may be additive. Key words : mouse, Y chromosome, gonadal hermaphrodites, primary sex determination, autosomal testis-determining genes, multigenic threshold model.

Consomic strategies to localize genomic regions related to vascular reactivity in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pat Kunert ◽  
Ines Drenjancevic-Peric ◽  
Melinda R. Dwinell ◽  
Julian H. Lombard ◽  
Allen W. Cowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Consomic Strain ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Or Genes

Chromosomal substitution strains afford the opportunity to discover regions of the rat genome that contain genes related to cardiovascular traits with the long-range goal of linking these genes to physiological function. PhysGen (Programs for Genomic Applications) created a consomic panel of rats derived from the introgression of a single chromosome (≥95% of the BN chromosome, one at a time) of the Brown Norway (BN/NHsdMcwi) rat onto the homogeneous genetic background of the Dahl salt-sensitive rat (SS/JrHsdMcwi). For 3 wk before the experiment, the rats were maintained on a low-salt diet (0.4% NaCl). The dose response of aortic rings from each strain of rat to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and three different levels of tissue bath hypoxia (10, 5, and 0% O2) was measured and compared with the parental SS rat. To maximize the possibility that differences among the strains would become apparent, each strain of rat including the parental SS and BN was also studied after being maintained on a high-salt diet (4.0% NaCl) for 3 wk. If the response of the aortic ring from a consomic strain to these vasoactive substances was different from that of the SS parental strain, it was concluded that the introgressed chromosome contained a gene or genes that contributed to that difference. Because the BN chromosome is removed from its native background and the SS rat loses a native chromosome, it is also necessary to consider the contribution of changes in gene-to-gene interaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document