scholarly journals Dose Period Code

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Period

Does a plasma level of chlorpromazine help?

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore van Putten ◽  
Philip R. A. May ◽  
Donald J. Jenden
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Speed Of Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SynopsisForty-eight newly admitted schizophrenic patients were treated with a fixed, conservative (6·6 mg/kg) dose of chlorpromazine (CPZ) for 28 days. CPZ plasma levels were measured by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (GCMS) using 2H6-chlorpromazine as an internal standard. At the end of the fixed-dose period, ‘responders’ had the same plasma levels as ‘non-responders’, suggesting that lack of response is primarily a matter of the illness' sensitivity to CPZ, not to a plasma level below some therapeutic window. After the fixed-dose period, the dosage of CPZ was increased in the ‘non-responders’ by physician's choice. Improvement occurred over a wide range of 10–225 picomoles (3–72 ng)/ml. Above 300 picomoles (95 ng/ml) 4 inaccessible patients eventually became much worse, suggesting psychotoxicity. It is in the inaccessible patient whose illness is only minimally, or not at all, sensitive to CPZ that a plasma level might be especially useful.Interpretation of plasma levels is complicated by the speed of response: some initial non-responders improved by the 56th day of treatment on very conservative plasma levels.

The optimal dose period of indisetron tablets for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by mFOLFOX6: An exploratory trial HGCSG0703.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
S. Yuki ◽  
H. Nakatsumi ◽  
M. Tateyama ◽  
Y. Uehata ◽  
M. Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

589 Background: Indisetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which shows also 5-HT4 antagonistic activity, that had approved in 2004 by Japan's PMDA. There are no recommendations of prophylactic regimens for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by FOLFOX therapy. To explore the optimal dose period of indisetron tablets during mFOLFOX6, we designed the study to compare the antiemetic efficacy and safety of 3-day regimen of indisetron with a single dose regimen. Methods: Advanced colorectal cancer patients who were treated with mFOLFOX6 (+/- bevacizumab) as first-line chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to Group A (3-day of indisetron) or Group B (a single dose of indisetron). Dexamethazone (8mg) was also administered intravenously in both groups before administering of oxaliplatin. The follow-up period was 5 days from the start of chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was complete protection from vomiting, and secondary endpoints were complete protection from nausea, no use of rescue therapy, and severe adverse events. Results: Of 45 patients enrolled in this trial, 42 (93.3%) were assessable. The proportions of patients with complete protection from vomiting were 85.7% in Group A, and 81.0% in Group B (p=1.000; Fisher's exact test). The proportions of patients with complete protection from nausea were 47.6% in each group (p=1.000; chi-square test). The no rescue therapy rates were 66.7% in Group A, and 57.1% in Group B (p=0.525; chi-square test). No severe adverse events were observed in both groups. Conclusions: We suggested that the efficacy of a single dose of indisetron might be equivalent of 3-day regimen for preventing from nausea and vomiting induced by mFOLFOX6. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Szigeti ◽  
Laura Kartner ◽  
Allan Blemings ◽  
Fernando Rosas ◽  
Amanda Feilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Acute Anxiety

Microdosing is the practice of regularly using low doses of psychedelic drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that microdosing enhances well-being and cognition; however, such accounts are potentially biased by the placebo effect. This study used a ‘self-blinding’ citizen science initiative, where participants were given online instructions on how to incorporate placebo control into their microdosing routine without clinical supervision. The study was completed by 191 participants, making it the largest placebo-controlled trial on psychedelics to-date. All psychological outcomes improved significantly from baseline to after the 4 weeks long dose period for the microdose group; however, the placebo group also improved and no significant between-groups differences were observed. Acute (emotional state, drug intensity, mood, energy, and creativity) and post-acute (anxiety) scales showed small, but significant microdose vs. placebo differences; however, these results can be explained by participants breaking blind. The findings suggest that anecdotal benefits of microdosing can be explained by the placebo effect.

Topical 5% lidocaine patches for treating postherpetic neuralgia: a survey among nurses and patients

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Lidocaine Patch ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Poor Adhesion

Introduction: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is associated with moderate to severe pain with peripheral and central mechanisms. While there is no clear-cut first-line therapeutic approach to PHN pain control, lidocaine patches are frequently used as monotherapy or part of a multimodal pain regimen. Methods: An online survey, the first of its kind, was conducted among PHN patients (n = 153) and nurses (n = 151) in order to determine clinical and patient knowledge, attitudes and practices toward the lidocaine patch and current unmet needs. Results: Results of the survey indicated that PHN patients are prescribed a mean of 2.6 medications to control their PHN pain, including the lidocaine patch. There were negative responses related to the patches’ ability to adhere to the skin. Patients reported the use of tape to hold the patches in place and/or patches that detached completely, truncating the therapeutic dose period. Most nurses (53%) found the biggest obstacle to PHN pain control was noncompliance and 98% stated that reliable patch adhesion for the intended 12-hour application was “somewhat important” or “very important” for PHN pain control. Forty-five percent of nurses said that poor patient adherence to PHN analgesic regimens was related to poor adhesion of the lidocaine patch. Conclusion: A new bioequivalent lidocaine patch has been developed with better adhesive characteristics, nine-fold greater bioavailability, and improved form factor.

scholarly journals Analysis of gaps in feline ectoparasiticide purchases from veterinary clinics in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lavan ◽  
Dorothy Normile ◽  
Imran Husain ◽  
Amita Singh ◽  
Kathleen Heaney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Average Length ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Duration Of Protection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The study objective was to examine cat owner ectoparasiticide purchases in the United States and estimate the impact of purchase gaps on timely ectoparasite protection administration. These purchase gaps lead to periods of time when cats are unprotected from ectoparasites. Methods Ectoparasiticide purchase transactions for individual cats from 671 U.S. veterinary clinics from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019 were evaluated to determine time “gaps” between doses of ectoparasiticides purchased in a defined 12-month period. Ectoparasiticides examined were topically applied products that contained fluralaner, fipronil/(S)-methoprene/pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid/pyriproxyfen or selamectin as active ingredients. The duration of protection following administration of one dose was 8–12 weeks for the fluralaner-containing product and one month for the other products. Results Ectoparasiticide purchase records were obtained from 114,853 cat owners and analysis found that most owners bought ≤ 6 months of protection during the year, with 61–75% (depending on the product) purchasing just 1–3 months of protection. The size of the average purchase gap was determined for all dose combinations out to 12 months of protection (5–7 doses for fluralaner and 12 doses for the other three products dosed monthly. The largest gaps occurred between the first and second doses and the second and third doses. Average purchase gaps for the four different products between doses 1 and 2 ranged from 11.2 to 13.9 weeks and between doses 2 and 3 ranged from 7.7 to 12.2 weeks. The fraction of purchases separated by gaps and the average length of the gap tended to decrease with increasing number of doses purchased. Owners purchasing the 8 to 12-week duration product containing fluralaner provided ectoparasite protection (“doses plus gap period”) for a larger proportion of each 2-dose period compared with owners purchasing products administered monthly. Conclusions When cat owners purchase flea and tick medication, gaps between subsequent purchases reduces the proportion of time ectoparasite protection can be provided. The duration of the gap between doses has an impact on the effectiveness of flea/tick medication because it inserts a period without flea and tick protection between doses of flea and tick medication. The gaps between purchases were shorter and the period of ectoparasite protection was larger for owners purchasing a 12-week product than for owners purchasing a monthly product.

Effects of Telmisartan on Renal Excretory Function in Conscious Dogs

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Schierok ◽  
M Pairet ◽  
N Hauel ◽  
W Wienen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Renal Excretory Function

The present study investigated the effects of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, on renal function in dogs. Conscious female dogs were treated with (i) vehicle (controls) and three doses of telmisartan (0.03 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg) administered intravenously; (ii) vehicle and three doses of telmisartan (0.3 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg) administered orally; or (iii) 1.0 mg/kg per day telmisartan orally for 12 days. Eight dogs were used for each experiment. Each of the four treatments in (i) and (ii) was administered 7 days apart. During the 6 h after intravenous administration, urine volume was significantly higher in dogs treated with telmisartan 0.1 mg/kg (8.5 ± 1.6 ml/kg) and 0.3 mg/kg (7.0 ± 0.9 ml/kg) than controls (2.7 ± 0.3 ml/kg; P < 0.05), and renal sodium excretion was increased significantly with telmisartan 0.03 mg/kg (803 ± 124 μmol/kg), 0.1 mg/kg (1039 ± 213 μmol/kg) and 0.3 mg/kg (966 ± 161 μmol/kg) versus controls (159 ± 21 μmol/kg; P < 0.05). Oral telmisartan at doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg also produced significant increases in urine volume (7.2 ± 1.1 ml/kg and 6.6 ± 1.2 ml/kg, respectively) and renal sodium excretion (599 ± 146 μmol/kg and 555 ± 131 μmol/kg, respectively) compared with controls (2.8 ± 0.5 ml/kg and 80 ± 33 μmol/kg; P < 0.05) over the 6-h post-dose period. Telmisartan at all intravenous doses and at 3.0 mg/kg orally increased the urinary excretion of chloride significantly over the 6-h post-dose period compared with vehicle alone. The excretion of potassium and creatinine were unchanged by any treatment. Telmisartan 1.0 mg/kg administered orally for 12 days produced similar results. In conclusion, acute intravenous or oral as well as subchronic oral administration of telmisartan to conscious dogs promotes diuresis and natriuresis without affecting potassium or creatinine excretion.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gaps in Feline Ectoparasiticide Purchases from Veterinary Clinics in the United States.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Philip Lavan ◽  
Dorothy Normile ◽  
Imran Husain ◽  
Amita Singh ◽  
Kathleen Heaney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Average Length ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Duration Of Protection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background:The study objective was to examine cat owner ectoparasiticide purchases in the United States and estimate the impact of purchase gaps on timely ectoparasite protection administration. These purchase gaps lead to periods of time when cats are unprotected from ectoparasites. Methods:Ectoparasiticide purchase transactions for individual cats from 671 U.S. veterinary clinics from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019 were evaluated to determine time “gaps” between doses of ectoparasiticides purchased in a defined 12-month period. Ectoparasiticides examined were topically applied products that contained fluralaner, fipronil/(S)-methoprene/pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid/pyriproxyfen or selamectin as active ingredients. The duration of protection following administration of one dose was 12 weeks for the fluralaner-containing product and one month for the other products.Results:Ectoparasiticide purchase records were obtained from 114,853 cat owners and analysis found that most owners bought < 6 months of protection during the year, with 61-75% (depending on the product) purchasing just 1-3 months of protection. The size of the average purchase gap was determined for all dose combinations out to 12 months of protection (5 doses for fluralaner and 12 doses for the other three monthly products. The largest gaps occurred between the first and second doses and the second and third doses. Average purchase gaps for the four different products between doses 1 and 2 ranged from 11.2 - 13.9 weeks and between doses 2 and 3 ranged from 7.7- 12.2 weeks. The fraction of purchases separated by gaps and the average length of the gap tended to decrease with increasing number of doses purchased. Owners purchasing the 12-week duration product containing fluralaner provided ectoparasite protection (“doses plus gap period”) for a larger proportion of each 2-dose period compared with owners purchasing products administered monthly. Conclusions: When cat owners purchase flea and tick medication, gaps between subsequent purchases reduces the proportion of time ectoparasite protection can be provided. The duration of the gap between dose has an impact on the effectiveness of flea/tick medication because it inserts a period without flea and tick protection between doses of flea and tick medication. The gaps between purchases were shorter and the period of ectoparasite protection was larger for owners purchasing a 12-week product than for owners purchasing a monthly product.

scholarly journals 0752 JZP-258 Dose Titration and Transition from Sodium Oxybate in a Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Withdrawal Study in Adult Participants With Narcolepsy With Cataplexy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A286-A286
Author(s):  
N Foldvary-Schaefer ◽  
R K Bogan ◽  
M J Thorpy ◽  
L Huang ◽  
R Skowronski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Sodium Oxybate ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stable Dose ◽  
Dose Period ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abstract Introduction Sodium oxybate (SXB) is a standard of care for the treatment of cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. JZP-258 is an oxybate product candidate (at same concentration as SXB) with 92% less sodium. JZP-258 dose adjustment during titration was evaluated. Methods At study entry, participants were taking SXB only, SXB+other anticataplectics, anticataplectics other than SXB, or were cataplexy treatment-naive. JZP-258 treatment began during a 12-week, open-label optimized treatment and titration period. Participants taking SXB only or SXB+other anticataplectics transitioned to JZP-258 at the same gram-for-gram dose as SXB and titrated to an efficacious and tolerable (optimal) dose from weeks 3-12. Participants taking other anticataplectics or who were anticataplectic-naive initiated JZP-258 at 4.5 g/night and were titrated to an optimal dose at 1-1.5 g/night/week (maximum total dose, 9 g/night). A 2-week stable-dose period and 2-week, double-blind, randomized withdrawal period followed. Results During the stable-dose period, total nightly JZP-258 dose (median [range]) was higher in participants taking SXB at study entry (SXB-only, 7.5 g [4.5-9.0], n=45; SXB+other anticataplectics, 9.0 g [6.0-9.0], n=14) compared with those not taking SXB (other anticataplectics, 7.5 g [4.5-9.0], n=23; anticataplectic-naive, 7.0 g [3.0-9.0], n=67), and dose adjustments were fewer. In most (69%) participants taking SXB at study entry who entered the stable-dose period, no change in dose was required (median [range] number of adjustments was 0 ([0-8]); for those with a change in dose, most changes were within one titration step (1.5 g/night). In participants not taking SXB at study entry, the median (range) number of adjustments was 3.0 (0-7). Conclusion Most participants taking SXB at study entry transitioned to JZP-258 treatment at the same dose with retained effectiveness. Participants not previously taking SXB achieved a tolerable and efficacious dose of JZP-258 after a median of 3 adjustments. Support Jazz Pharmaceuticals

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