scholarly journals Casual Contact

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Casual Contact

Relevance of casual contact with peanut butter in children with peanut allergy

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Simonte ◽  
Songhui Ma ◽  
Shideh Mofidi ◽  
Scott H. Sicherer
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Allergy ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Casual Contact

scholarly journals Secondary Attack Rate of COVID-19 in Non-Household Contacts - A Systematic Review of Global Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Komal Shah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Casual Contact ◽  
Close Family

Objective: Secondary Attack Rate (SAR) of COVID-19 varies across various populations. We aim to assess global articles reporting SAR in non-household contacts of COVID-19 patients through systematic review approach. Methods: Four databases - MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and EMBASE were systematically searched for retrieval of articles reporting SAR of COVID-19 in various contacts. Initial search provided 436 articles, which through series of evaluation finally yielded 14 articles. Result: Findings suggested that SAR in various contacts varies widely. Substantial number of studies (50%) were from China; however, the two largest studies were from India. Irrespective of type of contacts, overall SAR ranged from 0.55-6%. Highest risk was found from non-household close (family, friends) contacts (2.2-22.31%) followed by casual contact (travel, meal and health-care contacts). In spite of prolonged contact with the patients, SAR was lowest in health-care workers (0-7.3%). Review highlighted that the included studies were suffering from limitations of missing data and continuously evolving operational guidelines. Conclusion: The review showed that studies furnishing SAR data in non-household contacts are limited in number and exact mode of transmission is yet not clear. Six-percent of overall SAR indicates that though the disease is infectious in nature and proper precautions must be taken, not everybody that comes in contact with the index case is infected. However, with greater risk in non-household close contacts, it is important to identify vulnerable population and implement effective preventive strategies in them. Review also indicated serious data gaps in the published literature and stipulated need of more global studies.

Casual Contact and Ethnic Bias: Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke N. Condra ◽  
Sera Linardi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Ethnic Bias ◽  
Casual Contact

scholarly journals Dynamic social networks and the implications for the spread of infectious disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (26) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M Read ◽  
Ken T.D Eames ◽  
W. John Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dynamic Social Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Casual Contact

Understanding the nature of human contact patterns is crucial for predicting the impact of future pandemics and devising effective control measures. However, few studies provide a quantitative description of the aspects of social interactions that are most relevant to disease transmission. Here, we present the results from a detailed diary-based survey of casual (conversational) and close contact (physical) encounters made by a small peer group of 49 adults who recorded 8661 encounters with 3528 different individuals over 14 non-consecutive days. We find that the stability of interactions depends on the intimacy of contact and social context. Casual contact encounters mostly occur in the workplace and are predominantly irregular, while close contact encounters mostly occur at home or in social situations and tend to be more stable. Simulated epidemics of casual contact transmission involve a large number of non-repeated encounters, and the social network is well captured by a random mixing model. However, the stability of the social network should be taken into account for close contact infections. Our findings have implications for the modelling of human epidemics and planning pandemic control policies based on social distancing methods.

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Through Casual Contact With an Infectious Case

2001 ◽  
Vol 161 (18) ◽  
pp. 2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Golub ◽  
Wendy A. Cronin ◽  
Olugbenga O. Obasanjo ◽  
William Coggin ◽  
Kristina Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Casual Contact

Epidemiology of Syphilis and Gonorrhoea in Eastern Poland in the Years 1988-1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 680-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Chodynicka ◽  
A B Serwin ◽  
M Janczy/lo-Jankowska ◽  
M A Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Casual Contact

Because of the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) epidemic in the former Soviet Union and the possibility of a rise in early syphilis and gonorrhoea in the eastern region of Poland it seemed important to calculate the incidence rates for early syphilis and gonorrhoea for 3 border regions (east, west and south) and the central part of the country in the last 10 years. In addition, data were analysed on patients and their sexual partners (from Poland and abroad), and the country where the contact took place obtained from 14 Provincial Skin-VD Out-Patients’ Clinics of eastern Poland. The results from 1988/89 and 1996/97 were compared. It was shown that early syphilis morbidity signi® cantly decreased in western and southern Poland, fell in the central part and rose in the east slightly. Gonorrhoea morbidity signi® cantly decreased in all regions. However, the number of provinces with early syphilis and gonorrhoea incidence rates in the 1990s of the same value or higher than in the 1980s, or of the whole of Poland clearly increased in eastern and central regions. The early syphilis and gonorrhoea morbidity in east Poland in the 1990s in relation to 1980s was marked by significant increase in the percentage of the foreigners treated (12.2 vs 1.8, P≤0.001 for early syphilis, and 10.0 vs 2.3, P≤0.001 for gonorrhoea) and in sexual contacts with foreigners reported by Polish patients (23.7 vs 0.8, P≤0.01 for early syphilis and 17.7 vs 4.3, P≤0.01 for gonorrhoea). Of the foreign contacts reported in 1996/97 by early syphilis and gonorrhoea patients, 60.4% and 82.2%, respectively, were casual. Contact with foreigners took place, mainly, in the former Soviet Union. The study illustrates that there may be a danger of an increase in the incidence of syphilis and gonorrhoea in Poland due to the epidemics in the neighbouring countries.

scholarly journals Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: genomic evidence supporting transmission in communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1800246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Auld ◽  
N. Sarita Shah ◽  
Barun Mathema ◽  
Tyler S. Brown ◽  
Nazir Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Casual Contact

Despite evidence that transmission is driving an extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) epidemic, our understanding of where and between whom transmission occurs is limited. We sought to determine whether there was genomic evidence of transmission between individuals without an epidemiologic connection.We conducted a prospective study of XDR-TB patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, during the 2011–2014 period. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data, and identified epidemiologic links based on person-to-person or hospital-based connections. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on theMycobacterium tuberculosisisolates and determined pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences.Among 404 participants, 123 (30%) had person-to-person or hospital-based links, leaving 281 (70%) epidemiologically unlinked. The median SNP difference between participants with person-to-person and hospital-based links was 10 (interquartile range (IQR) 8–24) and 16 (IQR 10–23), respectively. The median SNP difference between unlinked participants and their closest genomic link was 5 (IQR 3–9) and half of unlinked participants were within 7 SNPs of at least five participants.The majority of epidemiologically-unlinked XDR-TB patients had low pairwise SNP differences with at least one other participant, consistent with transmission. These data suggest that much of transmission may result from casual contact in community settings between individuals not known to one another.

AIDS-Related Knowledge and Beliefs among Incarcerated Adolescent Males

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMIE S. CARNEY ◽  
JAMES L. WERTH ◽  
RENEÉ LASTER MORRIS
Keyword(s):  
Safer Sex ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Safer Sex Practices ◽  
Casual Contact

This study examined AIDS-related knowledge and beliefs among 64 incarcerated adolescent males. Residents of a correctional facility for adolescents were surveyed concerning their general knowledge about AIDS and beliefs about preventing AIDS. The results indicated that significant gaps in knowledge existed, frequently centering on the risk of casual contact and modes of transmission. However, the participants were knowledgeable about selecting safer behavioral alternatives. There was little perceived peer or social support for safer sex practices, such as latex condom use. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future research and educational strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals Evidence of Person-to-Person Transmission of Nipah Virus Through Casual Contact

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e99 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Homaira ◽  
M. Rahman ◽  
M.J. Hossain ◽  
S. Khatun ◽  
N. Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Casual Contact
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