Modified Overall Immune Related Response Criterion, New Non-Measurable Lesion

ABSTRACT The characteristics and nature of the effect of growth hormone on the incorporation of radio-sulfate into the costal cartilage of hypophysectomized rats has been studied. The time-response studies indicate that a reliable estimation of growth hormone activity can be ascertained within a 24 hour period, and a reproducible dose-related response can be obtained at dosage levels ranging from 12-48 μg. Growth hormone stimulates the synthesis of organic sulfates and accumulation of inorganic sulfates within 48 hours.

Download Full-text

Phonological transfer effects in novice learners: A learner's brain detects grammar errors only if the language sounds familiar

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728921000134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Sabine Gosselke Berthelsen ◽

Merle Horne ◽

Yury Shtyrov ◽

Mikael Roll

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Language Acquisition ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Error Processing ◽

Transfer Effects ◽

Association Learning ◽

Novice Learners ◽

Grammar Rules ◽

Related Response

Abstract Many aspects of a new language, including grammar rules, can be acquired and accessed within minutes. In the present study, we investigate how initial learners respond when the rules of a novel language are not adhered to. Through spoken word-picture association-learning, tonal and non-tonal speakers were taught artificial words. Along with lexicosemantic content expressed by consonants, the words contained grammatical properties embedded in vowels and tones. Pictures that were mismatched with any of the words’ phonological cues elicited an N400 in tonal learners. Non-tonal learners only produced an N400 when the mismatch was based on a word's vowel or consonants, not the tone. The emergence of the N400 might indicate that error processing in L2 learners (unlike canonical processing) does not initially differentiate between grammar and semantics. Importantly, only errors based on familiar phonological cues evoked a mismatch-related response, highlighting the importance of phonological transfer in initial second language acquisition.

Download Full-text

Hazard Perception in City and Highway Environments

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 1404-1408

Author(s):

John Paul Plummer ◽

Anastasia Diamond ◽

Alex Chaparro ◽

Rui Ni

Keyword(s):

Signal Detection ◽

Response Bias ◽

Signal Detection Theory ◽

Response Criterion ◽

Crash Risk ◽

Hazard Perception ◽

Driving Experience ◽

City Environment ◽

Video Clips ◽

The City

Hazard perception (HP) is an important aspect of driving performance and is associated with crash risk. In the current study, we investigate the effect of roadway environment (city vs. highway) and expertise on HP. HP was measured using HP clips that evaluated response lag (defined as the time from the participant’s response to the end of the clip) and fuzzy signal detection theory metrics of response criterion and sensitivity. Forty videos were used: 20 from highway environments and 20 from city environments. Forty-eight participants with a range of driving experience as assessed by the years since obtaining a license (less than 1 year to 24 years) completed the study. There were differences between city and highway environments in response lag and response bias; participants responded earlier to the hazards in the highway environment and exhibited a more liberal response bias. Driving experience was significantly correlated to response lag. When the video clips were categorized by environment, driving experience was only significantly correlated with performance for the city environment.

Download Full-text

Personality in Action: Assessing Personality to Identify an ‘Ideal’ Conscientious Response Type with Two Different Behavioural Tasks

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.2296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 808-825

Author(s):

Gabriela Gniewosz ◽

Tuulia M. Ortner ◽

Thomas Scherndl

Keyword(s):

European Association ◽

Cognitive Styles ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Self Report ◽

Subjective Response ◽

Response Type ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Different Types ◽

Typological Approach ◽

Related Response

Performance on achievement tests is characterized by an interplay of different individual attributes such as personality traits, motivation or cognitive styles. However, the prediction of individuals’ performance from classical self–report personality measures obtained during large and comprehensive aptitude assessments is biased by, for example, subjective response tendencies. This study goes beyond by using behavioural data based on two different types of tasks, requiring different conscientious–related response behaviours. Moreover, a typological approach is proposed, which includes different behavioural indicators to obtain information on complex personality characteristics. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Download Full-text

Dynamic Control of Response Criterion in Premotor Cortex during Perceptual Detection under Temporal Uncertainty

Neuron ◽

10.1016/j.neuron.2015.04.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1067-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Federico Carnevale ◽

Victor de Lafuente ◽

Ranulfo Romo ◽

Omri Barak ◽

Néstor Parga

Keyword(s):

Premotor Cortex ◽

Dynamic Control ◽

Response Criterion ◽

Temporal Uncertainty

Download Full-text