scholarly journals Bipolar Neuron

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Neuron

Neural elements of the pineal complex of the frog, rena esculenta, I: Centrally projecting neurons

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (05) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ekström ◽  
Hilmar Meissl
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Pineal Complex ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Hand Functions ◽  
Frontal Organ ◽  
Pineal Tract

AbstractThe pineal complex of anuran &hibians is a directly photosensory organ, encompassing both an extracranial portion, the frontal organ, and an intracranial portion, the pineal organ proper. The projection neurons of the frontal organ respond differentially according to the wavelengths of the light stimuli. The pineal organ, on the other hand, functions mainly as a luminosity meter. Most of its centrally projecting neurons respond to all increases in ambient illumination with decreases in spontaneous firing of action potentials, although some neural units in the pineal organ may respond according to wavelength. This difference in responses to light stimulation may be reflected in the neural organization of the two parts of the pineal complex. In the present study, we have analyzed the morphology of the projection neurons of the frontal and pineal organs of the frog,Rana esculenta, by backfilling of the neurons with horseradish peroxidase through their cut axons. In the pineal organ, several types of centrally projecting neurons were observed: peripherally situated unipolar and multipolar neurons, the dendrites of which extend into a superficial axon plexus that surrounds the pineal epithelium; smaller unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar neurons situated close to the central pineal tract; and radially oriented bipolar neurons, with short dendritic processes oriented towards the lumen of the pineal organ. This latter type was strongly reminiscent of photoreceptor cells. The centrally projecting neurons of the frontal organ were multipolar, and situated in the ventral part of the organ. One photoreceptor-like bipolar neuron was observed in one frontal organ. The neurons of the frontal organ did not form a superficial plexus of neurites. This difference may relate to the different ratio of chromaticity/luminosity units in the frontal and pineal organs.

The Beattie Smith Lectures on Insanity for 1926

1928 ◽  
Vol 74 (304) ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
Richard J. A. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Multipolar Neuron

The nervous system of all vertebrates is built up of long conducting, specialized cells, termed neurons. In order to function, these neurons, or nerve-cells, must be linked together in chains or arcs. Each neuron in the chain or arc is structurally separated from other neurons by a break termed a synapse. The structural elements of a neuronic arc are, therefore, as follows: 1.A sensitive receiving organ—the receptor or sense-organ.2.A centrally conducting receptor bipolar neuron.3.One or more short connector or internuncial neurons.4.A peripherally conducting effector multipolar neuron.5.An effector apparatus—for example, a muscle or a gland.

scholarly journals Rapid propagation of membrane tension at retinal bipolar neuron presynaptic terminals

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Gomis Perez ◽  
Natasha R. Dudzinski ◽  
Mason Rouches ◽  
Ane Landajuela ◽  
Benjamin Machta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Tension ◽  
Presynaptic Terminals ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Rapid Propagation

Ultrastructure of the aporous sensilla on the galea of larval Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2032-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vonnie D. C. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Distal Portion ◽  
Sheath Cell ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Campaniform Sensillum ◽  
Tubular Body ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Sheath Cells

The galea of fifth-instar Bertha armyworms, Mamestra configurata, has three types of aporous sensilla: one spire-shaped basiconic peg, two short basiconic pegs, and one campaniform sensillum. The spire-shaped peg is set in an inflexible socket, innervated by three bipolar neurons, and enveloped by three sheath cells. One microtubule-laden dendrite completely fills the distal portion of the dendritic sheath and ends within the peg. It is joined by a lamellate and a scolopidium-like dendrite that end near and below the base of the peg, respectively. The ciliary sinus is large and the membrane of the enveloping inner sheath cell is highly elaborate. This sensillum exhibits features characteristic of thermo-hygrosensilla. The short basiconic pegs and campaniform sensillum are each innervated by a single bipolar neuron and each is associated with three sheath cells. In both sensilla, the dendrite ends in a tubular body, typical of mechanosensilla.

scholarly journals Sas-4 Colocalizes with the Ciliary Rootlets of the Drosophila Sensory Organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Veronica Persico ◽  
Giuliano Callaini ◽  
Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytoplasmic Localization ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Drosophila Eye ◽  
Sheath Cells

The Drosophila eye displays peculiar sensory organs of unknown function, the mechanosensory bristles, that are intercalated among the adjacent ommatidia. Like the other Drosophila sensory organs, the mechanosensory bristles consist of a bipolar neuron and two tandemly aligned centrioles, the distal of which nucleates the ciliary axoneme and represents the starting point of the ciliary rootlets. We report here that the centriole associated protein Sas-4 colocalizes with the short ciliary rootlets of the mechanosensory bristles and with the elongated rootlets of chordotonal and olfactory neurons. This finding suggests an unexpected cytoplasmic localization of Sas-4 protein and points to a new underscored role for this protein. Moreover, we observed that the sheath cells associated with the sensory neurons also display two tandemly aligned centrioles but lacks ciliary axonemes, suggesting that the dendrites of the sensory neurons are dispensable for the assembly of aligned centrioles and rootlets.

Phenotypic Analysis of Mice Lacking the Highly Abundant Purkinje Cell- and Bipolar Neuron-Specific PCP2 Protein

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Mohn ◽  
Rodney M. Feddersen ◽  
MyTrang S. Nguyen ◽  
Beverly H. Koller
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Neuron
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