Atazanavir Sulfate

Overview of Antiretroviral Agents in 2005

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190005278612 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 228-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anela Stanic ◽

Tulip K. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Protease Inhibitors ◽

Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Antiretroviral Agents ◽

Entry Inhibitors ◽

Fusion Inhibitors ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Atazanavir Sulfate ◽

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

To date, 25 antiretroviral agents (including fixed-dose combinations) have gained approval by the Food and Drug Administration and are currently available on the market for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. New protease inhibitors, atazanavir sulfate (Reyataz) and fosamprenavir (Lexiva), were licensed, in addition to the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) emtricitabine (Emtriva) and 2 fixed-dose NRTI combinations, emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada) and lamivudine/abacavir (Epzicom). These newly licensed antiretroviral agents allow for lower pill burden and dosing schedule simplification, and some agents such as atazanavir sulfate are associated with improved lipid profile in comparison to other currently marketed protease inhibitors. In addition, a new class of anti-retroviral agents, entry inhibitors, of which a subclass exists called fusion inhibitors with its representative member, enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), which is currently the only available drug in its class, was marketed almost 2 years ago. Despite a remarkable progress in the treatment of HIV infection noted during the past decade, significant challenges to therapy such as tolerability issues and emergence of drug-resistant strains remain. Therefore, new antiretroviral drug development has focused on a design of drugs that work against the resistant strains of HIV and/or have a novel mechanism of action.

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Crystal structure of atazanavir, C38H52N6O7

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1017/s0885715620000135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 129-135

Author(s):

James A. Kaduk ◽

Amy M. Gindhart ◽

Thomas N. Blanton

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Density Functional ◽

Carbonyl Oxygen ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Amide Nitrogen ◽

Classical Hydrogen Bond ◽

Intramolecular Hydrogen ◽

Atazanavir Sulfate

The crystal structure of atazanavir has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Atazanavir crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 15.33545(7), b = 5.90396(3), c = 21.56949(13) Å, β = 96.2923(4)°, V = 1941.134(11) Å3, and Z = 2. Despite being labeled as “atazanavir sulfate”, the commercial reagent sample consisted of atazanavir free base. The structure consists of an array of extended-conformation molecules parallel to the ac-plane. Although the atazanavir molecule contains only four classical hydrogen bond donors, hydrogen bonding is, surprisingly, important to the crystal energy. Both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are significant. The hydroxyl group forms bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds to a carbonyl oxygen atom and an amide nitrogen. Several amide nitrogens act as donors to the hydroxyl group and carbonyl oxygen atoms. An amide nitrogen acts as a donor to another amide nitrogen. Several methyl, methylene, methyne, and phenyl hydrogens participate in hydrogen bonds to carbonyl oxygens, an amide nitrogen, and the pyridine nitrogen. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ as entry 00-065-1426.

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Spectrophotometric method for determination of atazanavir sulfate in capsule dosage form

Química Nova ◽

10.1590/s0100-40422011000800010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1349-1353

Author(s):

Anindita Behera ◽

Swapan Kumar Moitra ◽

Sudam Chandra Si ◽

Dannana Gowri Sankar

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Atazanavir Sulfate

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A SELECTIVE AND SENSITIVE LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF FOUR POTENTIAL GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES IN ATAZANAVIR SULFATE DRUG SUBSTANCE IN TRACE LEVEL

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021v13i3.40911 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 137-144

Author(s):

SIVA JYOTHI N. ◽

VENKATNARAYANA MUVVALA

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phase ◽

Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽

Research Work ◽

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽

Drug Substance ◽

Genotoxic Impurities ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Short Run ◽

Acquity Uplc ◽

Atazanavir Sulfate

Objective: The main objective of current research work is to develop and validate a rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the trace analysis of four potential genotoxic impurities in Atazanavir Sulfate drug substance. Methods: LC-MS/MS analysis of four potential genotoxic impurities was done on Acquity UPLC CSH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column. In this method, mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium acetate) mobile phase B (methanol: acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) with gradient run with the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The method was developed with the short run time of 13 min. Triple quadrupole mass detector coupled with positive electrospray ionization was used for the quantification of genotoxic impurities in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results: The method was linear in the range of 0.3 ppm to 4.5 ppm for BOC Hydrazine Acid impurity, BOC Epoxide and Keto impurity with a correlation coefficient not less than 0.9994. The accuracy of the method was in the range of 99.26% to 105.71% for all four potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs). No impurities were identified in the Atazanavir Sulfate active pharmaceutical ingredient sample. Conclusion: The proposed method is specific, linear, precise, accurate, robust and stable for the quantification of the four genotoxic impurities at very low levels.

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CRITICAL REVIEW OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS AND APPLICATION OF UV- AUC TECHNIQUE FOR SIMPLE, RAPID, QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF ATAZANAVIR SULFATE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.54.05.10720 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (05) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

P. S. Bobade ◽

◽

S. B. Ganorkar

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Solvent System ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

Calibration Plot ◽

Minimal Cost ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Atazanavir Sulfate ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Uniform Area

Spectrophotometric analysis has proven to be one of the most referred analytical techniques available; as the enlarged globalization of the pharmaceutical market has reduced the availability of quality pharmaceuticals at minimal cost. Authors have made an attempt for development and validation of simple UV- spectrophotometric area under curve (UV -AUC) method for quantitative estimation of atazanavir sulfate in bulk and in a pharmaceutical formulation. To enhance accuracy, additional attempts were made for the measurement of uniform area around the wavelength maximum (248 nm) and in between the designated wavelengths (238 nm and 260 nm). The mixture of methanol and water in a proportion of 30:70 v/v was selected as a solvent system. Efficient correlation between the concentration and corresponding response was maintained by measuring the uniform area under the peak obtained at the wavelength maximum. The calibration plot for the method was constructed by plotting the values for AUC obtained for the concentration range of 6 - 36 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Developed method was validated on the basis of ICH Q2 R1 guideline. The method depicted good reproducibility with percent RSD less than 2.0. Estimation of atazanavir sulfate by aforementioned method in bulk and capsules was carried out efficiently.

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