Bile Pigment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Pigment

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Serum Bile Pigment Fractions During the Course Of Jaundice

1962 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. McGill ◽  
Harry N. Hoffman ◽  
Jesse L. Bollman
Keyword(s):  
Bile Pigment

Urobiliverdin, a New Bile Pigment Deriving from Uroporphyrin

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Benedikt ◽  
Hans-Peter Köst
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Enzyme Extract ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Behaviour ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides

5-Aminolevulinic acid is incubated with a crude enzyme extract from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, mutant R 26. The formed porphyrins (main product: uroporphyrin III) are isolated. Incorporation of iron, ring-splitting by coupled oxydation and subsequent iron removal leads to a mixture of pigments, from which urobiliverdin, a new bile pigment with eight carboxylic acid side chains, is isolated. It is characterized by its chromatographic behaviour, chromic acid degra­dation and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Looking to the horizon: the role of bilirubin in the development and prevention of age-related chronic diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
Marlies Wallner ◽  
Christine Mölzer ◽  
Silvia Gazzin ◽  
Andrew Cameron Bulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Future Research Directions

Bilirubin, the principal tetrapyrrole, bile pigment and catabolite of haem, is an emerging biomarker of disease resistance, which may be related to several recently documented biological functions. Initially believed to be toxic in infants, the perception of bilirubin has undergone a transformation: it is now considered to be a molecule that may promote health in adults. Data from the last decade demonstrate that mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels are strongly associated with reduced prevalence of chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as CVD-related mortality and risk factors. Recent data also link bilirubin to other chronic diseases, including cancer and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to all-cause mortality. Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that bilirubin is a biomarker for reduced chronic disease prevalence and a predictor of all-cause mortality, which is of important clinical significance. In the present review, detailed information on the association between bilirubin and all-cause mortality, as well as the pathological conditions of CVD, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, is provided. The mechanistic background concerning how bilirubin and its metabolism may influence disease prevention and its clinical relevance is also discussed. Given that the search for novel biomarkers of these diseases, as well as for novel therapeutic modalities, is a key research objective for the near future, bilirubin represents a promising candidate, meeting the criteria of a biomarker, and should be considered more carefully in clinical practice as a molecule that might provide insights into disease resistance. Clearly, however, greater molecular insight is warranted to support and strengthen the conclusion that bilirubin can prevent disease, with future research directions also proposed.

scholarly journals Bile-pigment formation from different leghaemoglobins. Methine-bridge specificity of coupled oxidation

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Lehtovaara ◽  
Ulla Perttilä
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Reaction Step ◽  
Pigment Formation

The coupled oxidation of leghaemoglobins with O2 and ascorbate yielded oxyleghaemoglobin in the first reaction step, and the second step was the degradation of haem characterized by an A675 increase. Leghaemoglobins were degraded to biliverdin isomers specifically, depending on the structure of the protein. The main leghaemoglobin components of Glycine (soya bean) and Phaseolus (kidney bean) were degraded to biliverdin mixtures containing about 50% of the β-form, about 30% of the α-form and about 20% of the δ-isomer, whereas the leghaemoglobin I components of Vicia (broad bean) and Pisum (pea) were degraded almost exclusively to the β-isomer, with traces of the α-isomer. The amino acid sequences of Glycine and Phaseolus leghaemoglobins resemble each other, as do those of Vicia and Pisum. The site specificity of bile-pigment formation from leghaemoglobins can be tentatively explained by specific differences in the amino acid sequences at those regions of the polypeptide chain that are in the vicinity of the appropriate methine bridges. The ligand-binding site in different leghaemoglobins may be outlined on the basis of the present results, supposing that the haem is degraded when a reduction product of haem-bound O2 reacts with a methine bridge of the haem, and that the bridge specificity is regulated by hindering amino acid residues that determine the location of the bound O2. The residue phenylalanine-CD1 appears to be further away from the haem plane or in a markedly more flexible position in leghaemoglobins than in mammalian globins. The haem-bound oxygen atom B, in Fe–O(A)–O(B), seems to be free to rotate in all directions except that of the γ-bridge in Glycine and Phaseolus leghaemoglobins, but its position in Vicia and Pisum leghaemoglobin I might be restricted to the direction of the β-methine bridge.

scholarly journals Bactobilin: blue bile pigment isolated from Clostridium tetanomorphum.

1983 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
pp. 3943-3947 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brumm ◽  
J. Fried ◽  
H. C. Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Clostridium Tetanomorphum

scholarly journals Urobilinogen, as a Bile Pigment Metabolite, Has an Antioxidant Function

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi NAKAMURA ◽  
Katsuyuki SATO ◽  
Mitsuo AKIBA ◽  
Masao OHNISHI
Keyword(s):  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Antioxidant Function

scholarly journals Suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in the rat neonate by chromium-protoporphyrin. Interactions of metalloporphyrins with microsomal heme oxygenase of human spleen.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 1878-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Drummond ◽  
A Kappas
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Heme Oxygenase Activity ◽  
Heme Degradation ◽  
Oxygenase Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The synthetic metalloporphyrin, Cr-protoporphyrin, as a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase activity in rat spleen, liver, and kidney. When administered to neonatal animals in a single dose immediately after birth, Cr-protoporphyrin suppresses postnatal hyperbilirubinemia and produces a marked and sustained lowering of heme oxidation activity in liver, spleen, and kidney. The metalloporphyrin also potently inhibited the rate of heme degradation to bile pigment in human spleen.

Control of Jaundice in Preterm Newborns by an Inhibitor of Bilirubin Production: Studies With Tin-Mesoporphyrin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timos Valaes ◽  
Sophia Petmezaki ◽  
Claudia Henschke ◽  
George S. Drummond ◽  
Attallah Kappas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Plasma Bilirubin ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Background. Studies in vitro, in animal models, and in adult and newborn humans have demonstrated that certain tin(Sn)-porphyrins that competitively inhibit the activity of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, reduce production of bilirubin and can thereby substantially diminish plasma levels of the bile pigment. Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of increasing doses of the heme oxygenase inhibitor, Sn-mesoporphyrin (SnMP), in moderating the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia and thus the requirements for phototherapy in preterm newborns. Methods. In five randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials, SnMP in increasing doses from 1 µmol to 6 µmol/kg body weight was administered intramuscularly in the first 24 hours of life in preterm newborns of 210 to 251 days gestational age. "Special blue" lamps (Phillips F20T12/BB) were used for phototherapy in newborns exceeding a predetermined plasma bilirubin concentration, irrespective of study group. Results. A total of 517 newborns were randomized in the five trials carried out sequentially over a 4-year period. SnMP in a dose-related manner significantly ameliorated the course of hyperbilirubinemia in the treated newborns Of all gestational ages. With a SnMP dose of 6 µmol/kg body weight, the mean peak incremental plasma bilirubin concentration was reduced by 41% and the phototherapy requirements were decreased by 76% compared to control subjects. Erythema observed in a few SnMP-treated newborns who required phototherapy was mild, transient, and without sequelae. No other untoward effects were observed during hospitalization or at a follow-up at post-term age of 3 and 18 months. Conclusions. SnMP, by inhibiting the production of bilirubin, substantially moderates the development of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm newborns. This compound and similarly acting enzyme inhibitors merit further clinical study as agents for controlling neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, particularly in neonatal populations for whom other treatment modalities are not available.

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