scholarly journals Molecular Nanotechnology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Nanotechnology

scholarly journals Imaging proteins at the single-molecule level

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Nicolas Longchamp ◽  
Stephan Rauschenbach ◽  
Sabine Abb ◽  
Conrad Escher ◽  
Tatiana Latychevskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Soft Landing ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Molecular Nanotechnology ◽  
Beam Deposition

Imaging single proteins has been a long-standing ambition for advancing various fields in natural science, as for instance structural biology, biophysics, and molecular nanotechnology. In particular, revealing the distinct conformations of an individual protein is of utmost importance. Here, we show the imaging of individual proteins and protein complexes by low-energy electron holography. Samples of individual proteins and protein complexes on ultraclean freestanding graphene were prepared by soft-landing electrospray ion beam deposition, which allows chemical- and conformational-specific selection and gentle deposition. Low-energy electrons do not induce radiation damage, which enables acquiring subnanometer resolution images of individual proteins (cytochrome C and BSA) as well as of protein complexes (hemoglobin), which are not the result of an averaging process.

scholarly journals FUSOGENIC LIPOSOME FOR THE TREATMENT OF FUNGAL MENINGITIS: AN OVERVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Irene Susan Alex ◽  
Jeneetta Jose ◽  
Rahul R ◽  
Anju Gopal ◽  
Anu Priya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
The People ◽  
Fungal Meningitis ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Molecular Nanotechnology

Fungal meningitis is an infection which is caused by fungus which spreads through the blood to the spinal cord. People with weakened immunity get this disease easily like persons with AIDs, etc. To make sure the disease is fungal meningitis, a sample is taken from the cerebrospinal fluid and it is sent to the laboratory. Usually, fungal meningitis is not mediated from person to person, but it is caused when a fungi are inhaled from the surrounding and spread into the blood to the central nervous system. Normally medications such as vaccines, IV, and oral suspensions are given to the people for curing fungal meningitis. Commonly used drugs are Amphotericin B and fluconazole oral suspension. Amphotericin B is an antifungal, antiprotozoal, and hydrophobic drug. However, these drugs cannot give a directly as medication therapy for the patients, because it offers toxic effect and side effects, absorption rate is slower, and crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is getting difficult. Adverse effects can be minimized with the application of nanotechnology. Therefore, in human medical services, the availability of molecular nanotechnology will provide rapid progress. Nanoparticle (NP) systems help to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs which has been explained using Noyes–Whitney equations. Nanoparticles offers several advantages as a drug delivery system, such as better drug bioavailability, reduction of dosing frequency enables them for the betterment of diseases, can cross the BBB, and it is very cost-effective. Types of NP include polymeric NP, carbon nanotubes, metallic structures, nanocrystals, and fusogenic liposomes. Fusogenic liposomes are a peculiar class of phospholipid vesicles. The fusogenic liposomes can deliver encapsulated NP into the targeted sites and also can cross the BBB. On comparing with cationic liposomes, fusogenic liposomes are more effective as well as rapid in the drug delivery.

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