scholarly journals Incorrect Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Incorrect Measurement

Temperature Measurement Applications in Power Plants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Jethra
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Major Equipment

Temperature is one of the most widely measured parameters in a power plant. Temperature is monitored and also used for control in some areas. The paper covers some of the basics of Temperature measurement, and leads into some of the technical advances that impart higher a degree of safety and reliability to power plant operation. These advances are based on some of the latest and innovative technologies that are being implemented in process instrumentation. Irrespective of the type of power plant (coal-fired, Oil or gas based), temperature measurement remains high on the list for operational excellence throughout the plant. Implementation of some of the new technologies results in improved Safety and lower installation and maintenance costs. Incorrect measurement information due to temperature effects, non linearity or stability can result in major equipment getting damaged. Ensuring instruments that have minimal downtime from a maintenance standpoint, not just devices that have been evaluated to provide Safety Integrity Level service in Safety Instrumented Systems, is crucial for daily operations in a power plant.

Public and Private Social Welfare

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Willem Adema ◽  
Peter Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Distributional Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter contributes to the discussion of public and private social welfare by drawing together recent information on these different ways of providing social benefits. It presents data on public social expenditure for 2015–17 and accounts for the impact of the tax system and private social expenditure to develop indicators on net social expenditure for 2015. The chapter shows that conventional estimates of gross public spending differ significantly from estimates of net public spending and net total social expenditure, leading to an incorrect measurement and ranking of total social welfare effort across countries.Just as importantly, the fact that total social welfare support is incorrectly measured implies that the outcomes of welfare state support may also be incorrectly measured. Thus, the main objectives of the chapter include considering the implications of this more comprehensive definition of welfare state effort for analysis of the distributional impact of the welfare state and for an assessment of the efficiency and incentive effects of different welfare state arrangements.

Application of Measuring Capability Index in the Export of the Measurement Requirement

2014 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Jin Hai Li ◽  
Da Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Capability Index ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
System Use ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Intended Use

Measurement process is a specific process to support product quality, and export measurement requirements is the beginning of the measurement process control, it is important to achieve the goals of product quality and manage risk of incorrect measurement results. Measurement requirements, including the requirements for the measurement process and the requirements for measuring equipment, measuring requirements, measuring staff, measurement method, ambient conditions and the measured object as a system, use Measurement Capability Index, quantitatively export measurement requirements of measurement processes and measuring equipment to ensure that measurement processes and measuring equipment satisfy the intended use, make the process of measurement requirement derived more scientific and more standard.

scholarly journals The IG- file use to Gauge the Apical Diameter in Endodontics: An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Amato ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽  
Dina Abtellatif ◽  
Michele Simeone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Clinician Experience ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
The Difference

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the IG-file, a new instrument designed for apical diameter gauging. Materials and Methods: After shaping with F1 Universal Protaper, 60 roots were randomly divided into two groups and assigned to two operators, One Expert in Endodontics (EO) and One Unexpert (UO). In each sample, after canal curvatures have been detected, the apical diameters were measured with the IG-file and the K-NiTi. The results were compared with the reference value obtained by retrograde apical gauging. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: Among 60 samples, 10% of errors were recorded when the IG-files were used; in the K-NiTi group the incorrect measurements were 70%. In both groups (expert and unexpert) the IG-file measurements were more accurate than the K-NiTi (90 vs 33 and 90 vs 26,7). The differences were statistically significant. In curved canals, the difference between measurement rates performed with both instruments was statistically significant (85,7% IG-file vs 28,6% K-NiTi) as well as for the samples without curvatures (92,3% IG file vs 30,8% NiTi file). In root canals without curvatures overestimation errors in K-NiTi file group are more frequent than underestimation errors. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: A proper gauging of the apical diameter has a key role in endodontic therapy; an incorrect measurement can lead to clinical failures. This “in vitro” study highlights that IG-file improves measurement accuracy independently from clinician experience. Furthermore, in curved canals, the IG-file is more accurate than K-NiTi.

scholarly journals Structural features of the temporomandibular joint in patients with gnathic mesial occlusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
A. B. Mallaeva ◽  
N. S. Drobysheva
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Condylar Process ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
Facial Skull ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Bilateral Difference

The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural features of the temporomandibular joint in patients with a gnatic form of mesial occlusion of the dentition. Materials and methods. In studying the structural features of the facial skull in patients with gnatic mesial occlusion, the height of the condylar process was separately evaluated in the course of the study in order to avoid the incorrect measurement of the branch height in cases of degenerative changes in the condylar process. Results. The structural features of the temporomandibular joint were determined in 50 adult patients (aged 1844 years old) using cone-beam computed tomography.Сonclusion. Patients with gnathic mesial occlusion of the asymmetric group showed identical articular spaces (anterior and posterior) in the sagittal direction on both the deviating and non-deviating sides, suggesting that the bilateral relationship between the head and fossa may be as symmetrical as in patients with symmetry. However, the axial condylar angle had a bilateral difference only among patients in the asymmetric group; namely, it was significantly greater on the side of the deviating condyle.

scholarly journals Demonstration of the Systematic Evaluation of an Optical Lattice Clock Using the Drift-Insensitive Self-Comparison Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Chihua Zhou ◽  
Xiaotong Lu ◽  
Benquan Lu ◽  
Yebing Wang ◽  
Hong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Lattice ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Frequency Offset ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Zeeman Shift ◽  
Optical Lattice Clock ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Comparison Technique

The self-comparison method is a powerful tool in the uncertainty evaluation of optical lattice clocks, but any drifts will cause a frequency offset between the two compared clock loops and thus lead to incorrect measurement result. We propose a drift-insensitive self-comparison method to remove this frequency offset by adjusting the clock detection sequence. We also experimentally demonstrate the validity of this method in a one-dimensional 87Sr optical lattice clock. As the clock laser frequency drift exists, the measured frequency difference between two identical clock loops is (240 ± 34) mHz using the traditional self-comparison method, while it is (−15 ± 16) mHz using the drift-insensitive self-comparison method, indicating that this frequency offset is cancelled within current measurement precision. We further use the drift-insensitive self-comparison technique to measure the collisional shift and the second-order Zeeman shift of our clock and the results show that the fractional collisional shift and the second-order Zeeman shift are 4.54(28) × 10−16 and 5.06(3) × 10−17, respectively.

scholarly journals Are We over Dissecting the Cord in Orchidopexy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. p16
Author(s):  
Hashem Mohammad Al-Momani, M.D. ◽  
Ahmad Aliwisat ◽  
Ibrahim Abdel Qader Khrais, M.D. ◽  
Osama Sarhan, M.D. ◽  
Ibraheem Suleiman Obaidat, M.D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Cord Length

Background: Orchidopexy is a procedure of securing the testis inside the scrotum in patients with cryptorchidism. In the literature, various dissection techniques have been described to lengthen the spermatic cord to ensure a tension-free fixation of the testis to the lowest point of the scrotum.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine if incorrect measurement of the spermatic cord’s length during open inguinal orchidopexy had led surgeons to over dissect the cord in a way that may pose an increased risk of testes, vas deferens and spermatic vessels.Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied the results of 40 orchidopexies performed in 40 patients with peeping or canalicular undescended testis , which was done at the Jordan university hospital in Amman from April 2018 to March 2019 , We compared the position of the testis before and after tunneling inside the inguinal canal. The difference in length is measured and analyzed.Conclusion: Failure to account for the subcutaneous fat layer thickness during orchidopexy increases the likelihood of over dissecting the spermatic cord which increases the risk of vas and vessels injury In this study we found that there is a difference between the cord length outside and inside the canal with excess length after passing the cord inside the canal ranges from 1-3 cm . This means that we do not need to dissect the cord to make the testis reaches the scrotum from outside. This decreases the risk of harming the cord and its contents.

Incorrect Measurement of Cholinesterase Activity

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Ben A. Hitt ◽  
Richard I. Mazze
Keyword(s):  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Incorrect Measurement
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