scholarly journals Pretreatment Period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Pretreatment Period

Low-Dose Acitretin for Secondary Prevention of Keratinocyte Carcinomas in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Efrat Solomon-Cohen ◽  
Shiran Reiss-Huss ◽  
Emmilia Hodak ◽  
Batya Davidovici
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Keratinocyte carcinomas, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), occur more frequently and aggressively in solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) than in the general population. Systemic retinoids are effective in secondary prevention of keratinocyte carcinomas in this population, but their use is limited by adverse effects including a rebound effect in cases of treatment discontinuation. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Our aim was to determine whether low-dose acitretin is efficient in the secondary prevention of keratinocyte carcinomas in SOTRs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective case-crossover study was conducted at a specialized dermatology clinic for SOTRs in a large transplantation center in 2010–2017. Patients with at least 1 previous keratinocyte carcinoma who were treated with acitretin 10 mg/day for 2 years were included. The main outcome was the difference in the number of new keratinocyte carcinomas diagnosed during treatment compared to during the 2-year pretreatment period. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The cohort included 34 SOTRs. A significant reduction in the mean number of new keratinocyte carcinomas during treatment relative to the pretreatment period was observed (1.7 vs. 3.6, –53% <i>p</i> = 0.002). Similar results were noted on analysis by tumor type, for both SCC and basal cell carcinoma. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study of SOTRs demonstrated positive results for low-dose acitretin as a chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas in this population.

scholarly journals Regulatory Influence of Galanin and GALR1/GALR2 Receptors on Inflamed Uterus Contractility in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6415
Author(s):  
Barbara Jana ◽  
Jarosław Całka ◽  
Bartosz Miciński
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regulatory Influence ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Uterine Inflammation ◽  
Myometrial Contractility

Uterine inflammation is a very common and serious pathology in domestic animals, the development and progression of which often result from disturbed myometrial contractility. We investigated the effect of inflammation on the protein expression of galanin (GAL) receptor subtypes (GALR)1 and GALR2 in myometrium and their role in the contractile amplitude and frequency of an inflamed gilt uterus. The gilts of the E. coli and SAL groups received E. coli suspension or saline in their uteri, respectively, and only laparotomy was performed (CON group). Eight days later, the E. coli group developed severe acute endometritis and lowered GALR1 protein expression in the myometrium. Compared to the pretreatment period, GAL (10−7 M) reduced the amplitude and frequency in myometrium and endometrium/myometrium of the CON and SAL groups, the amplitude in both stripes and frequency in endometrium/myometrium of the E. coli group. In this group, myometrial frequency after using GAL increased, and it was higher than in other groups. GALR2 antagonist diminished the decrease in amplitude in myometrium and the frequency in endometrium/myometrium (SAL, E. coli groups) induced by GAL (10−7 M). GALR1/GALR2 antagonist and GAL (10−7 M) reversed the decrease in amplitude and diminished the decrease in frequency in both examined stripes (CON, SAL groups), and diminished the drop in amplitude and abolished the rise in the frequency in the myometrium (E. coli group). In summary, the inflammation reduced GALR1 protein expression in pig myometrium, and GALR1 and GALR2 participated in the contractile regulation of an inflamed uterus.

Direct Early Intervention with Stuttering

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Onslow ◽  
Leanne Costa ◽  
Stephen Rue
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Adult Treatment ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Posttreatment Period ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Verbal Stimulation ◽  
Intervention Procedure

Many clinicians recognize a need for direct intervention with cases of early stuttering. However, this recognition is not supported by adequate empirical information about how such cases should be managed. One possibility is that early stuttering might be controllable by parent-administered, operant, verbal stimulation procedures. The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary data that depict the results of such an intervention procedure with four cases of early stuttering. Speech measures were gathered in a variety of speaking situations, within and beyond the clinic, over a 2-month pretreatment period and a 9-month posttreatment period. Results showed that the 4 subjects achieved reductions in stuttering comparable to those reported for adult treatment programs. However, the present results were obtained in far fewer clinical hours than normally needed in the treatment for older subjects. The treatment times in the present study also compare favorably to those published in other reports of operant intervention procedures with children. These findings suggest that cases of early stuttering might be managed effectively by parents, with limited expenditure of clinical time. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of early intervention programs that are more efficient and effective than existing intervention procedures for older clients.

Regulation of K+ Influx in Barley Roots: Evidence for Direct Control by Internal K+

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADM Glass
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Limited Protein ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Values for plasmalemma influx of K+ into excised barley roots, from solutions containing 0.05 mM KCl plus 0.5 mM CaSO4, were reduced by 50-60% following a 6-h pretreatment period in 50 mM KCl plus 0.05 mM CaSO4 solution. This reduction of influx, associated with increased internal K+ concentration, was independent of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis during the pretreatment period as indicated by its insensitivity to the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, p-fluorophenylalanine or anisomycin in the pretreatment solutions. Roots of plantlets grown from gamma-irradiated barley seeds, which were incapable of under-going cell division and capable of only limited protein synthesis, were nevertheless able to reduce K+ influx values in response to increased internal K+ concentration. The measurement of K+ influx from 0.05 mM KCl solutions following pretreatment periods as short as 15 min in 50 mM KCl gave no evidence of any lag period in the development of reduced influx associated with increased internal K+ status. The above experiments are discussed in terms of a model for the regulation of K+ influx which ascribes a direct 'allosteric' role to internal K+ in controlling influx.

scholarly journals The susceptibility of Rattus rattus and Bandicota bengalensis to a new anticoagulant rodenticide, flocoumafen

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Parshad ◽  
G. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticide ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Median Period ◽  
Dose Levels

SUMMARYThe anticoagulant rodenticide flocoumafen was evaluated against Rattus rattus and Bandicota bengalensis, In no-choice 24 h feeding tests 100% mortality occurred at 0·00125% concentration of the poison in the bait in the case of B. bengalensis and at 0·00375% in R. rattus. Feeding of 0·0025% poison bait in 1-day, no-choice and 2-day choice tests resulted in 60% and 75% mortality of R. rattus, respectively, and 100% of B. bengalensis. The differences between the consumption of plain food in the pretreatment period and of poison bait in no-choice tests were non-significant, except in one case. The rodents consumed significantly more (P < 0·01) poison bait than the plain alternative in the choice trials. Median period of survival and its 95% confidence limits of R. rattus and B. bengalensis, at the 100% mortality dose levels of the poison, were 6·3 (5·04–7·88) and 6·2 (4·92–7·81) days respectively.

scholarly journals Treatment efficacy of the combined medication Allergoferon® during persistent allergic rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
N Y Sotnikova ◽  
T V Pachomova ◽  
T A Lykova
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The City ◽  
Combined Medication

Background. To assess the efficacy of a new medication Allergoferon®, gel for topical application, in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis Materials and methods. This paper summarizes experience with the combined anti-allergic medication Allergoferon® in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis at the manifestation stage in 60 outpatients aged 18 to 75. The study was conducted at outpatient hospitals in the city of Ivanovo in 2014-2015. Symptoms were assessed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 42nd days, in comparison with the pretreatment period, using patient complaints and clinical and laboratory research data. Results. According to our data, a significant improvement was noted in half of the patients at the 3rd day of treatment, in two-thirds of them - at the 7th day of treatment. In general, improvement of nasal symptoms, compared to the pretreatment period, was noted in all patients at the final visit. The significance of differences was established in 75%. The most positive effect was observed during 7-14 days. Conclusion. A high treatment efficacy of medication Allergoferon® was revealed for patients with allergic persistent rhinitis. The treatment efficacy and the lack of adverse side effects attest to the potential use of this medication in clinical practices.

scholarly journals Use of antipsychotic drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors and risk of falls and fractures: self-controlled case series

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n1925
Author(s):  
Grace Hsin-Min Wang ◽  
Kenneth K C Man ◽  
Wei-Hung Chang ◽  
Tzu-Chi Liao ◽  
Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between the use of antipsychotic drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors and the risk of falls and fractures in elderly patients with major neurocognitive disorders. Design Self-controlled case series. Setting Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database. Participants 15 278 adults, aged ≥65, with newly prescribed antipsychotic drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors, who had an incident fall or fracture between 2006 and 2017. Prescription records of cholinesterase inhibitors confirmed the diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorders; all use of cholinesterase inhibitors was reviewed by experts. Main outcome measures Conditional Poisson regression was used to derive incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for evaluating the risk of falls and fractures for different treatment periods: use of cholinesterase inhibitors alone, antipsychotic drugs alone, and a combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs, compared with the non-treatment period in the same individual. A 14 day pretreatment period was defined before starting the study drugs because of concerns about confounding by indication. Results The incidence of falls and fractures per 100 person years was 8.30 (95% confidence interval 8.14 to 8.46) for the non-treatment period, 52.35 (48.46 to 56.47) for the pretreatment period, and 10.55 (9.98 to 11.14), 10.34 (9.80 to 10.89), and 9.41 (8.98 to 9.86) for use of a combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs, antipsychotic drugs alone, and cholinesterase inhibitors alone, respectively. Compared with the non-treatment period, the highest risk of falls and fractures was during the pretreatment period (adjusted incidence rate ratio 6.17, 95% confidence interval 5.69 to 6.69), followed by treatment with the combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs (1.35, 1.26 to 1.45), antipsychotic drugs alone (1.33, 1.24 to 1.43), and cholinesterase inhibitors alone (1.17, 1.10 to 1.24). Conclusions The incidence of falls and fractures was high in the pretreatment period, suggesting that factors other than the study drugs, such as underlying diseases, should be taken into consideration when evaluating the association between the risk of falls and fractures and use of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs. The treatment periods were also associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures compared with the non-treatment period, although the magnitude was much lower than during the pretreatment period. Strategies for prevention and close monitoring of the risk of falls are still necessary until patients regain a more stable physical and mental state.

scholarly journals Testosterone induces plumage ornamentation followed by enhanced territoriality in a female songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Boersma ◽  
Erik D Enbody ◽  
John Anthony Jones ◽  
Doka Nason ◽  
Elisa Lopez-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Territorial Behavior ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Territory Defense ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Territorial Behaviors ◽  
Partial Acquisition

Abstract We know little of the proximate mechanisms underlying the expression of signaling traits in female vertebrates. Across males, the expression of sexual and competitive traits, including ornamentation and aggressive behavior, is often mediated by testosterone. In the white-shouldered fairywren (Malurus alboscapulatus) of New Guinea, females of different subspecies differ in the presence or absence of white shoulder patches and melanic plumage, whereas males are uniformly ornamented. Previous work has shown that ornamented females circulate more testosterone and exhibit more territorial aggression than do unornamented females. We investigated the degree to which testosterone regulates the expression of ornamental plumage and territorial behavior by implanting free-living unornamented females with testosterone. Every testosterone-treated female produced a male-like cloacal protuberance, and 15 of 20 replaced experimentally plucked brown with white shoulder patch feathers but did not typically produce melanic plumage characteristic of ornamented females. Testosterone treatment did not elevate territorial behavior prior to the production of the plumage ornament or during the active life of the implant. However, females with experimentally induced ornamentation, but exhausted implants, increased the vocal components of territory defense relative to the pretreatment period and also to testosterone-implanted females that did not produce ornamentation. Our results suggest that testosterone induces partial acquisition of the ornamental female plumage phenotype and that ornament expression, rather than testosterone alone, results in elevations of some territorial behaviors.

Treatment of ovariectomized heifers with bovine follicular fluid specifically suppresses pituitary levels of FSH-β mRNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Beard ◽  
D. Savva ◽  
R. G. Glencross ◽  
B. J. McLeod ◽  
P. G. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Pituitary Glands

ABSTRACT To investigate the inhibin-induced suppression of FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary, chronically ovariectomized heifers (three per group) were treated for 56–58 h with either steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF; 8 ml i.v. every 8 h) or 0·9% (w/v) NaCl (8 ml i.v. every 8 h). Blood was withdrawn at 8-h intervals for analysis of plasma concentrations of FSH and LH by radioimmunoassay. At the end of the treatment period, heifers were slaughtered and pituitary glands recovered for determination of gonadotrophin contents and levels of mRNA encoding FSH-β, LH-β, TSH-β and common α glycoprotein hormone subunits using [32P]cDNA probes in total RNA dot and Northern blot assays. Treatment with bFF markedly suppressed plasma FSH by 85% (P<0·001 compared with pretreatment period), but did not affect plasma LH concentrations. Plasma FSH and LH concentrations did not vary significantly in the saline-injected control heifers. The level of FSH-β subunit mRNA was reduced by 60% (P<0·001) in heifers treated with bFF, whereas no significant differences between control and bFF-treated heifers were observed in the levels of mRNA encoding LH-β, TSH-β or common α subunits. Treatments with bFF, however, did not affect pituitary content of either FSH or LH. These results support the conclusion that inhibin exerts its selective suppressive effect on the secretion of FSH by the bovine pituitary, at least in part, by directly inhibiting expression of the gene encoding the FSH-β subunit.

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