Regular Dense Connective Tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue

scholarly journals Existence and Features of the Myodural Bridge in Gentoo Penguins: a morphological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Sheng-bo Yu ◽  
Yan-yan Chi ◽  
Guang-yuan Tan ◽  
Bao-cheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gentoo Penguin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Myodural Bridge ◽  
Histological Staining

AbstractRecent studies have evidenced that the anatomical structure now known as the myodural bridge (MDB) connects the suboccipital musculature to the cervical spinal dura mater (SDM). In humans, the MDB passes through both the posterior atlanto-occipital and the posterior atlanto-axial interspaces. The present authors suggest that the MDB has important physiological functions in humans. The existence of the MDB in various mammals, including flying birds (Rock pigeons and Gallus domesticus) has been previously validated. Gentoo penguins are marine birds, able to make 450 dives per day, reaching depths of up to 660 feet. Gentoo penguins are also the world’s fastest diving birds. The present study was therefore carried out to investigate the existence and characteristics of the MDB in Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), a non-flying, marine bird that can dive. While foraging, this penguin is able to reach speeds of up to 22 miles per hour. For this study, six Gentoo penguin specimens were dissected to observe the existence and composition of their MDB. Histological staining was also performed to analyze the anatomic relationships and characteristic of the MDB in the Gentoo penguin. In this study, it was found that the suboccipital musculature in the Gentoo penguin consists of the rectus capitis dorsalis minor (RCDmi) muscle and rectus capitis dorsalis major (RCDma) muscle. Dense connective tissue fibers were observed connecting these two suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater (SDM). This dense connective tissue bridge consists of primarily type I collagen fibers. Thus, this penguin’s MDB appears to be analogous to the MDB previously observed in humans. The present study evidences that the MDB not only exists in penguins but it also has unique features that distinguishes it from that of flying birds. Thus, this study advances the understanding of the morphological characteristics of the MDB in flightless, marine birds.

scholarly journals PATHOMORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PALMAR APONEUROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH DUPUYTREN’S CONTRACTURE AND VIRAL HEPATITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-461
Author(s):  
T.A. Stupina ◽  
◽  
T.N. Varsegova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dupuytren’S Contracture ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Dupuytren's Contracture ◽  
Palmar Aponeurosis

Objective. To establish pathomorphologic peculiarities of palmar aponeurosis in the patients with Dupuytren’s contracture and concomitant virus hepatitis B and C. Methods. The data analysis of histomorphometric studies of the operation samples of 122 patients with Dupuytren’s contracture («Control» group, n=100) and Dupuytren’s contracture with virus hepatitis B and C («Hepatitis» group, n=22) were analyzed. Results. In patients of the «Hepatitis» group, the content of adiposed tissue in the palmar aponeurosis was 40.9% less (p <0.01) than in the «Control» group, and the content of dense connective tissue was 18.9% higher (p <0, 05). In all patients, arteries with the diameter up to 150 µm prevailed in the palmar aponeurosis, but in the «Hepatitis» group their percentage was reduced by 20%, with higher proportions of vessels with the diameter of 150-450 µm and the absence or recalibration of the largest arteries. In the «Control» group, the arteries had diameters from 50 to 660 µm, in the «Hepatitis» group they did not exceed 370 µm. Vessels less than 300 µm in diameter in both groups had comparable values of the Kernogan’s index. Arteries with a diameter of more than 300 microns in the «Hepatitis» group had higher values of the Kernogan’s index, which indicated a low conductance capacity compared to the vessels in the «Control» group. Most of the nerve trunks of the palmar aponeurosis in the patients of «Hepatitis» group showed signs of necrobiotic changes, i.e. fibrotic or swollen perineurium, withinflammatory cell infiltration, sometimes lost lamellar structure, and nerve fibers with signs of Wallerian degeneration. Conclusion. Obtained histomorphometric data of the tissue composition of palmar fascial fibromatosis, less amount of adiposed tissue and higher amount of dense connective one and more pronounced disorder of hemodynamics and innervation of the palmar aponeurosis in the group with concomitant virus hepatitis indicate significant effect of the liver pathology on the progression of the disease. What this paper adds For the first time, the pathomorphological features of the palmar aponeurosis have been studied in 122 patients with Dupuytren’s contracture and concomitant viral hepatitis B and C.It has been found that in patients with Dupuytren’s contracture and hepatitis in the palmar aponeurosis, the amount of adiposed tissue is reduced and the amount of dense connective tissue is increased; hemodynamic and innervation disorders are more pronounced.

Internal Structural Connections in the Popliteal Muscle Tendon Complex and Their Clinical Significance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WenBin Jiang ◽  
Shi-Zhu Sun ◽  
Ting-Wei Song ◽  
Chan Li ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Articular Capsule ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Popliteus Muscle

Abstract Background:The popliteal muscle-tendon complex (PMTC) belongs to the deep structure of the posterolateral complex (PLC) of human knee, which plays an important role in the posterolateral stability of the knee joint. At present, the anatomical relationship between the popliteal muscle and its adjacent structures remains controversial, especially the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and popliteal muscle. The revealation of anatomical connection between the popliteus muscle and its deep structures could provide an anatomical basis for the reconstruction of the PLC injury.Methods: To observe and analyze the relationship between popliteal muscle and the PCL, posterior meniscofemoral ligament (PMFL), lateral meniscus and articular capsule (AC). The dissection of 7 cases of adult human knee joint fixed with formalin, and 9 cases of sagittal P45 plastinated section of the knee joint were involved in this study. Results: For the popliteal muscle, the anatomical dissection showed that at the posterior edge of the platform of the lateral condyle of the tibia, at the tendon-muscle transition, from medial to lateral, separately sent out: dense connective tissue to connect with the PCL, dense fiber bundles to connect with the PMFL, and dense connective tissue band to connect the lateral meniscus. Meanwhile, the results of the P45 section revealed that the popliteal muscle fascia ran superiorly over the posterior edge of the tibialintercondylar eminence, andturned forward to be integrated into the PCL. Laterally, near the posterior edge of the lateral tibial plateau, the popliteal tendon penetrates through the articular capsule, where two dense fiberous bundleswere given off upwards by the popliteal tendon: one was the ventral fiber bundle,which ran superiorly over the posterior edge of the tibial plateau and then moved forwards to connect with the lateral meniscus; the dorsal fibersbundle ascended directly and participated in the AC.Conclusion: Popliteus muscle was connected with PCL, AC, lateral meniscus, and PMFL via the dense connective tissues near its tendon-muscle transition.

Renal physiology

2011 ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Base Balance

5.1 Kidneys, 310 5.2 Mechanism of filtration, 313 5.3 Acid-base balance, 323 5.4 Potassium balance, 327 5.5 Calcium balance, 327 For the full anatomy of the kidneys see Section A.4.11 of Chapter A4. • Within the dense, connective tissue of the renal capsule, the kidney substance is divided into:...

Histological study of the thin membranous structure made of dense connective tissue around the esophagus in the upper mediastinum

Esophagus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tokairin ◽  
Yasuaki Nakajima ◽  
Kenro Kawada ◽  
Akihiro Hoshino ◽  
Takuya Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Upper Mediastinum

Fine Structure Histopathology of Labyrinthitis Ossificans in the Gerbil Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Tinling ◽  
Vishad Nabili ◽  
Hilary A. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Labyrinthitis Ossificans ◽  
End Stage

Labyrinthitis ossificans (LO) is the pathological deposition of new bone within the lumen of the cochlea and labyrinth. This process occurs most commonly as a result of infection or inflammation affecting the otic capsule. Trauma and vascular compromise can also lead to neo-ossification within the otic capsule. The mechanism that regulates this process remains unestablished. This study details the end-stage histopathology in high-resolution plastic thin sections. Twenty Mongolian gerbils were infected by intrathecal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 followed by subcutaneous penicillin G procaine (8 days) and were painlessly sacrificed 3 months later. The cochleas were serially divided and sectioned for light and electron microscopy. Sixteen of 20 animals (27 of 40 cochleas) demonstrated LO. Cochlear damage was most extensive in the vestibule and basal turn and decreased toward the apex, which often appeared normal. The histopathologic findings consisted of 1) new bone, calcospherites, osteoid, and fibrosis without dense connective tissue or osteoblasts extending from the endosteal wall into the lumen of the vestibule and scala tympani; 2) areas of dense connective tissue and osteoid enclosed by epithelial cells conjoined with the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, spiral ligament, and vestibular (Reissner's) membrane; and 3) partial to complete loss of the organ of Corti, spiral ligament cell bodies, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion cells. Osteoblastic activity was not demonstrated in end-stage ossification in LO in the gerbil model. Neoossification appears to occur by calcospherite deposition along collagen-like fibrils within osteoid. The destruction of the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion cells, stria vascularis, and cells of Reissner's membrane and the spiral ligament occurs even in the absence of ossification of the cochlear duct.

scholarly journals Myxobolus infection in the cornea of the roach (Rutilus rutilus) in Lake Balaton

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Borzák ◽  
Kálmán Molnár ◽  
Gábor Cech ◽  
Csaba Székely
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

Infection of the cornea in fishes by Myxobolus plasmodia is a common but still little known site preference of myxosporeans. A sporadic but striking infection in the cornea of the roach (Rutilus rutilus) was observed in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Relatively small, round plasmodia 250 to 500 μm in diameter developed in the dense connective tissue of the cornea. Morphological and molecular biological examination of spores collected from cysts in the cornea demonstrated that this infection is caused by Myxobolus fundamentalis, a species hitherto reported only from the cartilaginous gill arch of the roach. The 18S rDNA sequences of spores from the cornea showed 99.9% identity to the sequences of spores from the gill arch, and they also shared 99.9% identity with the sequences of triactinomyxon actinospores obtained from the oligochaete Isochaetides michaelseni.

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