scholarly journals Reverse Transcription Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Transcription Process

Thermosensitivity of the Reverse Transcription Process as an Inactivation Mechanism of Lentiviral Vectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmo ◽  
J.D. Dias ◽  
A. Panet ◽  
A.S. Coroadinha ◽  
M.J.T. Carrondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Lentiviral Vectors ◽  
Transcription Process ◽  
Inactivation Mechanism

scholarly journals Multiple molecular determinants for retrotransposition in a primer tRNA.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Keeney ◽  
K B Chapman ◽  
V Lauermann ◽  
D F Voytas ◽  
S U Aström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Acceptor Stem ◽  
Transcription Process ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Genetic Assay ◽  
Strong Stop ◽  
Interspecies Hybrid

Retroviruses and long terminal repeat-containing retroelements use host-encoded tRNAs as primers for the synthesis of minus strong-stop DNA, the first intermediate in reverse transcription of the retroelement RNA. Usually, one or more specific tRNAs, including the primer, are selected and packaged within the virion. The reverse transcriptase (RT) interacts with the primer tRNA and initiates DNA synthesis. The structural and sequence features of primer tRNAs important for these specific interactions are poorly understood. We have developed a genetic assay in which mutants of tRNA(iMet), the primer for the Ty1 retrotransposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can be tested for the ability to serve as primers in the reverse transcription process. This system allows any tRNA mutant to be tested, regardless of its ability to function in the initiation of protein synthesis. We find that mutations in the T psi C loop and the acceptor stem regions of the tRNA(iMet) affect transposition most severely. Conversely, mutations in the anticodon region have only minimal effects on transposition. Further study of the acceptor stem and other mutants demonstrates that complementarity to the element primer binding site is a necessary but not sufficient requirement for effective tRNA priming. Finally, we have used interspecies hybrid initiator tRNA molecules to implicate nucleotides in the D arm as additional recognition determinants. Ty3 and Ty1, two very distantly related retrotransposons, require similar molecular determinants in this primer tRNA for transposition.

scholarly journals The HIV-1 Capsid: From Structural Component to Key Factor for Host Nuclear Invasion

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Viviana Scoca ◽  
Francesca Di Nunzio
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Nuclear Compartment ◽  
Transcription Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Transcription Complexes ◽  
Hiv 1

Since the discovery of HIV-1, the viral capsid has been recognized to have an important role as a structural protein that holds the viral genome, together with viral proteins essential for viral life cycle, such as the reverse transcriptase (RT) and the integrase (IN). The reverse transcription process takes place between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the host cell, thus the Reverse Transcription Complexes (RTCs)/Pre-integration Complexes (PICs) are hosted in intact or partial cores. Early biochemical assays failed to identify the viral CA associated to the RTC/PIC, possibly due to the stringent detergent conditions used to fractionate the cells or to isolate the viral complexes. More recently, it has been observed that some host partners of capsid, such as Nup153 and CPSF6, can only bind multimeric CA proteins organized in hexamers. Those host factors are mainly located in the nuclear compartment, suggesting the entrance of the viral CA as multimeric structure inside the nucleus. Recent data show CA complexes within the nucleus having a different morphology from the cytoplasmic ones, clearly highlighting the remodeling of the viral cores during nuclear translocation. Thus, the multimeric CA complexes lead the viral genome into the host nuclear compartment, piloting the intranuclear journey of HIV-1 in order to successfully replicate. The aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the main discoveries to date that uncover the viral capsid as a key player in the reverse transcription and PIC maturation until the viral DNA integration into the host genome.

scholarly journals Nonproductive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Nucleoside-Treated G0 Lymphocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 6526-6532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael D. Korin ◽  
Jerome A. Zack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Transcription Process ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Productive infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the activation of target cells. Infection of quiescent peripheral CD4 lymphocytes by HIV-1 results in incomplete, labile, reverse transcripts. We have previously identified G1b as the cell cycle stage required for the optimal completion of the reverse transcription process in T lymphocytes. However, the mechanism(s) involved in the blockage of reverse transcription remains undefined. In this study we investigated whether nucleotide levels influence viral reverse transcription in G0 cells. For this purpose the role of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase was bypassed, by adding exogenous deoxyribonucleosides to highly purified T cells in the G0 or the G1a phase of the cell cycle. Our data showed a significant increase in the efficiency of the reverse transcription process following the addition of the deoxyribonucleosides. To define the stability and functionality of these full reverse transcripts, we used an HIV-1 reporter virus that expresses the murine heat-stable antigen on the surfaces of infected cells. Following activation of infected quiescent cells treated with exogenous nucleosides, no increased rescue of productive infection was seen. Thus, in addition to failure to complete reverse transcription, there was an additional nonreversible blockage of productive infection in quiescent T cells. These experiments have important relevance in the gene therapy arena, in terms of improving the ability of lentivirus vectors to enter metabolically inactive cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document