scholarly journals Hexadecatrienoic Acid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Photocontrol of Chloroplast Lipids in Fern Gametophytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kraiss ◽  
Armin R. Gemmrich
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Anemia Phyllitidis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid ◽  
Fern Gametophytes

In the gametophyte of the fern Anemia phyllitidis synthesis of linolenic acid esterified in monogalactosyldiglyceride requires light. By induction-reversion experim ents it could be demonstrated that this light-dependent step is mediated by phytochrome. There is also evidence for phytochrome control of galactolipid and hexadecatrienoic acid synthesis. In continuous blue light the synthesis of linolenic acid is inhibited and linoleic acid accumulates. It is concluded that the blue light photoreceptor affects an inhibition of linoleic acid desaturase. In continuous blue light chloroplasts contain abundant multilayered thylakoids, the grana regions are not as distinct as in white light, and membranes appear less appressed. In continuous red light the membranes are reduced in number and contain less grana-like appressions. It is concluded that both photoreceptors are necessary for a coordinate synthesis and assembly of the individual components of the chloroplast membrane.

State of the lipid and fatty acid composition in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum under the influence of an increased CO2 partial pressure of 700 p.p.m.

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radunz ◽  
K. Alfermann ◽  
G. H. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

We analysed chloroplast lipids of Nicotiana tabacum var. John William's Broadleaf, cultivated under an increased Pco2 of 700 p.p.m. Glycolipids and phospholipids remain constant under these conditions, whereas the carotenoid content undergoes a quantitative change. The saturation degree of fatty acids increases due to an increase in palmitic acid and decreases in hexadecatrienoic acid and linolenic acid.

scholarly journals A New Class of Arabidopsis Mutants with Reduced Hexadecatrienoic Acid Fatty Acid Levels

1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Miquel ◽  
Claude Cassagne ◽  
John Browse
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
New Class ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Leaf lipids of Ribes nigrum: a plant containing 16:3, α-18:3, γ-18:3 and 18:4 fatty acids

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Total Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Minor Contribution ◽  
Glycerolipid Composition ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

The glycerolipid composition of Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant) leaves was determined. The total fatty acid composition was unusual in that α-linolenic acid (α-18:3) occurred together with cis-7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3) and lower amounts of stearidonic acid (18:4) and γ-linolenic acid (γ-18:3). Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol contained the highest proportion of 16:3 with less in digalactosyldiacylglycerol. γ-18:3 and 18:4 were present in all lipids and 18:4 was always greater than γ-18:3. The highest percentages of γ-18:3 and 18:4 were in phosphatidylcholine, but phosphatidylglycerol was particularly low in these acids. In summary, the lipid composition was largely typical of 16:3 plants but there was a minor contribution typical of 18:4 plants. The possibility of three pathways for glycolipid biosynthesis is discussed.

Effet du chlorure de sodium sur la composition lipidique de la feuille de colza (Brassica napus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouzia Najine ◽  
Brahim Marzouk ◽  
Abdelkader Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

The effect of increasing NaCl concentrations up to 170 mM on the lipid composition of leaf membranes was studied on rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzg) in hydroponic culture for one month. At NaCl concentrations lower than 102 mM, the polar glycerolipid biosynthesis was stimulated. NaCl concentrations higher than 102 mM reduced the contents in total lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and phospholipids. In contrast, the neutral lipid contents increased with increasing NaCl concentration. An increase in NaCl induced a decrease in linolenic and hexadecatrienoic acid contents and an increase in linoleic and palmitic acid contents in all lipid groups. Key words: rape, lipids, sodium chloride.

scholarly journals The glycosyltransferase UGT76E1 significantly contributes to 12-O-glucopyranosyl-jasmonic acid formation in wounded Arabidopsis thaliana leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (25) ◽  
pp. 9858-9872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Haroth ◽  
Kirstin Feussner ◽  
Amélie A. Kelly ◽  
Krzysztof Zienkiewicz ◽  
Alaa Shaikhqasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Metabolite Fingerprinting ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a phytohormone that orchestrates plant defenses in response to wounding, feeding insects, or necrotrophic pathogens. JA-Ile metabolism has been studied intensively, but its catabolism as a potentially important mechanism for the regulation of JA-Ile–mediated signaling is not well-understood. Especially the enzyme(s) responsible for specifically glycosylating 12-hydroxy-jasmonic acid (12-OH-JA) and thereby producing 12-O-glucopyranosyl-jasmonic acid (12-O-Glc-JA) is still elusive. Here, we used co-expression analyses of available Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptomic data, identifying four UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes as wound-induced and 12-OH-JA–related, namely, UGT76E1, UGT76E2, UGT76E11, and UGT76E12. We heterologously expressed and purified the corresponding proteins to determine their individual substrate specificities and kinetic parameters. We then used an ex vivo metabolite-fingerprinting approach to investigate these proteins in conditions as close as possible to their natural environment, with an emphasis on greatly extending the range of potential substrates. As expected, we found that UGT76E1 and UGT76E2 are 12-OH-JA-UGTs, with UGT76E1 contributing a major in vivo UGT activity, as deduced from Arabidopsis mutants with abolished or increased UGT gene expression. In contrast, recombinant UGT76E11 acted on an unidentified compound and also glycosylated two other oxylipins, 11-hydroxy-7,9,13-hexadecatrienoic acid (11-HHT) and 13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid (13-HOT), which were also accepted by recombinant UGT76E1, UGT76E2, and UGT76E12 enzymes. UGT76E12 glycosylated 12-OH-JA only to a low extent, but also accepted an artificial hydroxylated fatty acid and low amounts of kaempferol. In conclusion, our findings have elucidated the missing step in the wound-induced synthesis of 12-O-glucopyranosyl-jasmonic acid in A. thaliana.

Labelling Experiments on the Origin of Hexa-and Octa- decatrienoic Acids in Galactolipids from Leaves

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Siebertz ◽  
E. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Abstract Young leaves from three plants which accumulate hexadecatrienoic acid rather specifically in the sn-2-position of monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGD) were incubated with radioactive CO2 or acetate to investigate the origin of this specificity. Labelled glycerolipids were extracted and analyzed for time-dependent changes of radioactivity in their fatty acids. The investigation of labelled MGD and digalactosyl diglyceride (DGD) included determination of radioactivity in hydrolysis products, separation of molecular species by argentation chromatography and analysis of the positional distribution of fatty acids. The results agree with previous observations on the accumulation of radioactive oleic acid in phosphatidyl choline (PC) and formally with the possibility of a PC-coupled desaturation to linoleic acid. They do not support the proposed function of PC as donator of polyenoic acids. Instead the radioactivity patterns may be interpreted as pointing to a relation between fatty acid desaturation and many if not all glycerolipids, although a different interpretation is also possible. Fatty acid patterns in lipids and their labelling indicate the existence of several pools for 1) MGD, from which only that without C16-unsaturated fatty acids is accessible for galactosylation to DGD ; 2) palmitic acid, from which one part is accessible to desaturation via C16:0 and C16:2 to C16:3 . Since these acids are found labelled in the sn-2-position of MGD, the specific positioning may be related to this separation of C16:0pools. Desaturation of C16:0 seems to be the major source of C16:3; 3) linolenic acid, from which those parts present in the sn-2-position of galactolipids or in PC are characterized by a strikingly slow labelling.

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