scholarly journals Observational Study Population Description

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Population Description

A Multicentric non-interventional observational study to determine treatment patterns and response of drugs in various stages of breast cancer along with epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Mukkamala Durga Niharika ◽  
Shaik Kulsumbi ◽  
Devagiri Anupama ◽  
Tadigiri Vineela Supriya ◽  
Kotari Navya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Guntur District ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hormone Receptor Expression

Cancer is a life-threatening disease which causes to lose cohesiveness and orderliness of normal tissue. These malignant cells can spread to any other organ through blood flow or lymphatic flow and develop malignancy over there; this phenomenon is called metastasis. The aim is to focus on treatment pattern and response of drugs in various stages of breast cancer along with epidemiology. It is a non- interventional multicentric observational study. Female patients confirmed with Breast cancer are included in the study. All the relevant data were collected on a patient demographic form after obtaining informed consent from individual patients. In our study, the mean age of presentation in breast cancer patients was 41.35 years. Further it was found that 40.5% (n = 81) majority-female patients with Breast cancer are from Guntur District and 21.5% (n= 43). The majority of women with Breast cancer have hormone receptor expression of ER+/PR+HER2- was found to be 33% (n= 50). In the study on analyzing comorbidities of the study population, it was noted that 28.5% of women were affected with Diabetes mellitus. In our study, it was found that most of the patients with Breast cancer have been most often prescribed with Adriamycin 27.86%. From these observations, we conclude that late menarche may be one of the etiological causes of breast cancer in women, Invasive carcinoma in situ is the most commonly reported breast cancer in the study. Patients have been diagnosed with breast cancer at their stage 3 of progression, which may be the reason for making it mandatory for more than 50% of patients to undergo 6 to 8 cycles of chemotherapy. Coming to the patterns of drug use, ADRIAMYCIN, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE and DOCETAXEL are the three most commonly used single drug and combinational drug therapies among the study population.

scholarly journals Impact of Enforcing Lockdown in Spread of COVID-19 Infection in Central India: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padma Bhatia ◽  
Anshuli Trivedi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ashish Wadhwani ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Central India ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The lockdown was implemented nationally for six weeks, followed by another two weeks of graded lockdown in districts in India as a means to prevent spread of infection. During this period, there was restriction of movement of residents except for those engaged in providing essential services. Aim: To find out socio-demographic profile of patients along with the impact of lockdown and spread of Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection post-lockdown. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in Bairagarh, a suburban area of Bhopal. The study was conducted for three months i.e. from 9th April 2020 to 9th July 2020. A contact tracing questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was collected by actual visiting the patient’s address. The data collected was compiled and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2020. The patients were instructed to inform the data collector of any post-viral symptoms after 15 days of diagnosis to find out any post-viral complaints. Percentages and proportions were derived using Epi info-7.0. Results: During the study period of three months, in total 90 patients were interviewed. Almost 85.5% cases were found post-lockdown. Most common age group to be involved was 31-45 years. Males were more commonly infected. Only 14.44% patients who worked during lockdown were infected. Almost 26.6% patients were involved in cloth merchandise business which was closed during lockdown and had a sudden upsurge in business during unlock. In total 47.7% patients were asymptomatic when tested. Relative Risk (RR) of acquiring infection post-lockdown was 1.13. Doubling rate of infection among study population during lockdown was found to be 14.05 days compared to 5.35 days post-lockdown. Almost 80% patients did not have any post-viral symptoms. The most common symptom seen was nose block. Conclusion: The lockdown was found to be effective strategy in controlling spread of COVID-19 infection as post-lockdown there was sudden increase in number positive cases.

scholarly journals Prevalence and elimination of cataract in a rural setting in Yemen

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmed Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud ◽  
Mohamad N. Alamuddin ◽  
Adel A. Rushood
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Study Population

A pilot observational study was conducted from 17 to 30 March 1996 in three locations in Yemen, namely Shabwa, Mukalla and Mahweet. The study population included 5341 people who came voluntarily to selected government hospitals for eye care. To determine the prevalence of the different eye diseases, especially cataract, among the study population, the team applied a case study form to collect the necessary data. The team examined patients and performed any surgery required. The findings are analysed, the limitations of the study discussed and recommendations formulated

Lymphopenia is Associated with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2542
Author(s):  
Maria Shireen ◽  
Sarah Shoaib Qureshi ◽  
Arsalan Nawaz ◽  
Wasim Amir ◽  
Mehrin Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pro Forma

Background: Covid-19 is a very contagious and quickly spreading viral infection, caused by a corona virus SARS-COV-2 which was originally reported in China on December 5, 2019. It was confirmed as pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. This disease is yet under research. It has variable severity which includes no symptoms to pneumonia. This can cause death of the patient. Aim: To evaluate the association of Lymphopenia with severity of COVID 19 in COVID-19 patients Methods: It was a retrospective observational study conducted in COVID wards of Ghurki hospital Lahore. Record of 100 COVID-19 patients that were admitted between March and July 2021 fulfilling the inclusion criteria was included in the study. A pre-structured pro forma was filled to collect the data. Results: Out of 100 patients, 30 patients were included in Non-severe group while severe group had 70 patients. The mean age of study population was 52.5±10.38 with 60% male and 40% female. 70% patients in severe group had some co-existent comorbidity. The most commonly reported symptoms were fever and cough in both groups while shortness of breath was more commonly reported in severe group. Conclusion: Lymphopenia is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Lymphocytes count can be used to assess the severity of COVID 19. Keywords: Lymphocytes, Lymphopenia, Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID 19.

scholarly journals Prevalence and fluid management of dehydration in children without diarrhoea admitted to Kenyan hospitals: a multisite observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e042079
Author(s):  
Sylvia Omoke ◽  
Mike English ◽  
Jalemba Aluvaala ◽  
David Gathara ◽  
Ambrose Agweyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Special Circumstances

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of dehydration without diarrhoea among admitted children aged 1–59 months and to describe fluid management practices in such cases.DesignA multisite observational study that used routine in-patient data collected prospectively between October 2013 and December 2018.SettingsStudy conducted in 13 county referral hospitals in Kenya.ParticipantsChildren aged 1–59 months with admission or discharge diagnosis of dehydration but had no diarrhoea as a symptom or diagnosis. Children aged <28 days and those with severe acute malnutrition were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of dehydration in children without diarrhoea was 3.0% (2019/68 204) and comprised 15.9% (2019/12 702) of all dehydration cases. Only 55.8% (1127/2019) of affected children received either oral or intravenous fluid therapy. Where fluid treatment was given, the volumes, type of fluid, duration of fluid therapy and route of administration were similar to those used in the treatment of dehydration secondary to diarrhoea. Pneumonia (1021/2019, 50.6%) and malaria (715/2019, 35.4%) were the two most common comorbid diagnoses. Overall case fatality in the study population was 12.9% (260/2019).ConclusionSixteen per cent of children hospitalised with dehydration do not have diarrhoea but other common illnesses. Two-fifths do not receive fluid therapy; a regimen similar to that used in diarrhoeal cases is used in cases where fluid is administered. Efforts to promote compliance with guidance in routine clinical settings should recognise special circumstances where guidelines do not apply, and further studies on appropriate management for dehydration in the absence of diarrhoea are required.

scholarly journals A prospective observational study to evaluate potential drug-drug interactions in patients admitted in intensive care unit, at BRIMS tertiary care hospital in Bidar, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailander Singh ◽  
Swetha K.
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Type C

Background: Drug interaction occurs when presence of one drug affects the activity of another when, both are co-administered. 6-30% of adverse events (AEs) with significant hospitalizations or death are by drug-drug interactions(DDI). There is increased possibility to prevent the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs), if their prevalence and pattern are determined accurately before their occurrence. Hence this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pDDIs in ICU patients at BRIMS tertiary care hospital, Bidar.Methods: This prospective observational study included 30 patients admitted in ICU of BRIMS hospital for >24hrs of either gender, aged >18yrs. The study was conducted for a period of 3 months. Data was collected from the case records of patients on the predesigned proforma. Potential drug-drug interactions were classified based on their severity and the risk of Potential drug-drug interactions was estimated by Lexicomp, inc.version; 3.0.1.drug interact android mobile application.Results: Out of 35 patients admitted in the ICU, 30 cases were included in the study. The mean age of study population was 56.3years. The study population was exposed to a total of 330 medicines during the hospital stay with an average of 11.7 drugs per patient. The prevalence of pDDI was 93.3% (28) with an average of 9.75 pDDI per patient. According to Lexicomp drug interact android mobile application majority (63%) of pDDI were found to be moderate in their severity, 67% belonged to type C risk.Conclusions: The study showed higher prevalence of pDDI among ICU patients due to the complexity of the pharmacotherapies administered.

scholarly journals Observational study of Sara - Asara Parikshana - specially “Majja Sara - Parikshana”

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phatak Shruti D
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Clear View ◽  
Diseased Person ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Very High

In Charaka Samhita 10 assessment criteria are described to judge the strength and immunity of a diseased person which are called as ‘ Dashavidha Pariksha’. Sara Lakshana of all seven dhatus along with Satva sara are described under it.This study mainly focussed to screen and assess Majja sara Lakshana. Majja is 6th dhatu among 7 dhatus by order. Total 17 characteristics were compiled mainly from Brihattrayi. In this study population of 100 individuals were screened for Sara parikshana and also for ‘Majja sara’ based on the results of basic screening of Sara Parikshana. The participants who were found ‘Majja sara’ by even minimum one  characteristic were further evaluated by marking method on basis of the exclusiveness of the present characteristics. The results of this were analysed further to get clear view about grade ( Uttama,Madhyama,Alpa,Asara ) of the Sarata depending upon the exclusiveness of the characteristics.Majja Dhatu by order is 6th dhatu, is called ‘gambhir’ (deeper) dhatu. That might be the reason, Sarata of this dhatu has very rare  occurrence. In this study 100 participants were screened for general Sara Parikshana. Among them only 12 individuals were found  having Madhyam Majja sara lakshana. Remaining 88 fell in category of Alpa Majja sara individuals. Madhyam sara individuals were showing very high occurrence of exclusive Majja sara lakshana (above 80% ). So the quality of  their Majjasarata is definitely superior. 

scholarly journals Status gingiva anak usia 14-15 tahun di daerah dataran tinggi dan di daerah pesisir pantai

e-GIGI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizel Zarra ◽  
Krista V. Siagian ◽  
Juliatri .
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Gingiva is prone to any disturbances. Poor dental and oral health can cause inflammation of the gingiva. Children aged 14-15 years have already permanent teeth that had fully grown. This study was aimed to obtain the gingival status of children aged between 14-15 years old living in the highland and at the coastal area. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional design. The study population was all students aged 14-15 years at SMP GMIM Rurukan and SMP PGRI Tandurusa (Junior high schools). Subjects were 30 students obtained by using purposive sampling. Data of gingival status were obtained from examination of gingival index according to Loe and Silness. The results showed that the gingival status of subjects living in the highland were mild inflammatory category (66.7%) and moderate inflammatory category (33.3%), whereas of those at the coastal area were mild inflammatory category (93.4%) and moderate inflammatory category (3.3%). Keywords: gingival status, children 14-15 years, highland, coast Abstrak: Gingiva merupakan jaringan yang rentan terhadap berbagai gangguan. Buruknya kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat menimbulkan peradangan gingiva. Pada kelompok usia 14-15 tahun anak telah memiliki gigi permanen yang sudah tumbuh lengkap dalam rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status gingiva anak usia 14-15 tahun di daerah dataran tinggi dan di daerah pesisir pantai. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ialah seluruh siswa berusia 14-15 tahun yang bersekolah di SMP GMIM Rurukan dan SMP PGRI Tandurusa. Subjek penelitian diambil sebanyak 30 siswa menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan formulir pemeriksaan status gingiva berdasarkan indeks gingiva Loe and Silness. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan status gingiva subjek di daerah dataran tinggi tergolong kategori inflamasi ringan (66,7%) dan kategori inflamasi sedang (33,3%), sedangkan status gingiva subjek di pesisir pantai tergolong kategori inflamasi ringan (93,4%) dan kategori inflamasi sedang (3,3%). Kata kunci: Status gingiva, usia 14-15 tahun, dataran tinggi, pesisir pantai

scholarly journals Incidence and clinico-demographic characteristics of neonatal meningitis in clinically suspected sepsis: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2267
Author(s):  
Rupali Jadhav ◽  
Baraturam Bhaisara ◽  
Anjali B Bhatawdekar
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Study Population

Background: Authors objective was to study the incidence and risk factors for meningitis in neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of tertiary care hospital of Mumbai, India.Methods: This descriptive observational study enrolled Consecutive 92 patients of either sex with suspected neonatal sepsis admitted in NICU of Tertiary Care Hospital. All neonates admitted to NICU with clinical suspicion of sepsis or developing signs of sepsis during NICU stay were included in study. Exclusion criteria were 1.Neonates with hemodynamic instability 2.major congenital malformations 3.contraindication or no willingness for Lumber puncture (LP ) 4.neonates who have received intravenous antibiotics for more than 24 hours elsewhere.Standard data collection form was used to collect all demographic data and clinical characteristics of neonates.Results: Incidence of meningitis in study population was 7.6%. Cases of meningitis in study population had mean birth weight 1.91 kg, 71.43% were preterm, 57.14% vaginaly delivered, 42.86% by LSCS, Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) observed in 28.57% cases. Meconium stained liquor in 42.86% cases and foul smelling liquor in 28.57% cases observed. 42.86% cases required resuscitation and 28.57% received surfactant therapy. Poor feeding (100%), lethargy (85.71%), weak cry (85.71%) and tachypnea (50.58%). Retractions (85.71%), Grunting (57.14%) and Nasal flaring (42.86%) were clinical presentation. Lab findings in a case of meningitis: mean Hemoglobin (Hb) 15.22 gm%, Leukopenia (28.57%), Leukocytosis 28.57%, Absolute Neutrophil count (ANC) <1800 (28.57%), Thrombocytopenia 42.85%, blood culture positive (28.57%) hypoglycemia (28.57%), CSF white cell count (124.57cells/ml.), mean CSF protein level (60 mg/dl.) Mean CSF glucose level (40.86 mg/dl.) CSF culture was positive in two cases of meningitis.Conclusions: Authors study highlights the diagnostic utility of routine lumbar puncture in neonates with clinically suspected sepsis.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RADIOLOGICAL UNION OF CALVARIA FOLLOWING CRANIOTOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Majida Begum ◽  
Sudip Kumar Sengupta ◽  
Parvesh Malik ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Postoperative Headache ◽  
Study Population

INTRODUCTION This is an Am bidirectional observational study. Study population is the patients who have undergone craniotomy for any indication in the department of neurosurgery of CH (EC) from September 2016 to Aug 2019. A list of patients who have undergone NCCT/CECT head during their follow up period, due to any clinical indication, drawn. All such patients interviewed and clinically examined for pain at the craniotomy site. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of non-union was Correlation between non-union and predisposing factors via primary pathology, fixation technique, age, sex, comorbidities such as DM, TB and radiotherapy. Correlation with postoperative headache MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area Command Hospital Eastern Command. Study population- Patients who have undergone craniotomy for any indication in the department of neurosurgery of CH (EC) from September 2016 to Aug 2019. Sample size is the number of patients who have undergone CT Scan evaluation based on clinical indications in the post operative period. Am bidirectional observational study RESULT AND ANALYSIS We showed that in ICSOL was significantly in higher non union and bad union patients; Head Injury was significantly higher in good union patients. It was found that carcinoma patients were higher in non union and bad union which was statistically significant. Radiation patients were higher in good union which was statistically significant. Present study found that Post-Op Headache was significantly higher in non union and bad union and mean Rate of union was higher in good union. Association of Fixation Technique with Non Union, Good Union and Bad Union was statistically significant. CONCLUSION We can conclude that patients are more likely to have their craniotomy fuse if they did not undergo radiation treatment or have sutures secure the free flap. Craniotomy fusion rates after free flap increases steadily over time, as expected. We were not able to demonstrate that clinical factors such as age, sex, BMI, diagnosis, fixation material, and radiation have an impact on fusion rate when time to fusion was considered.

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