scholarly journals Structural Protein Gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Structural Protein Gene

The selection pressure analysis of chicken anemia virus structural protein gene VP1

Virus Genes ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Guan-Zhu Han ◽  
Cheng-Qiang He
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Chicken Anemia Virus ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Structural Protein Gene ◽  
Pressure Analysis

scholarly journals Characterization of the Structural Gene Promoter of Aedes aegypti Densovirus

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Ward ◽  
Michael W. Kimmick ◽  
Boris N. Afanasiev ◽  
Jonathan O. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Structural Protein Gene

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus (AeDNV) has two promoters that have been shown to be active by reporter gene expression analysis (B. N. Afanasiev, Y. V. Koslov, J. O. Carlson, and B. J. Beaty, Exp. Parasitol. 79:322–339, 1994). Northern blot analysis of cells infected with AeDNV revealed two transcripts 1,200 and 3,500 nucleotides in length that are assumed to express the structural protein (VP) gene and nonstructural protein genes, respectively. Primer extension was used to map the transcriptional start site of the structural protein gene. Surprisingly, the structural protein gene transcript began at an initiator consensus sequence, CAGT, 60 nucleotides upstream from the map unit 61 TATAA sequence previously thought to define the promoter. Constructs with the β-galactosidase gene fused to the structural protein gene were used to determine elements necessary for promoter function. Deletion or mutation of the initiator sequence, CAGT, reduced protein expression by 93%, whereas mutation of the TATAA sequence at map unit 61 had little effect. An additional open reading frame was observed upstream of the structural protein gene that can express β-galactosidase at a low level (20% of that of VP fusions). Expression of the AeDNV structural protein gene was shown to be stimulated by the major nonstructural protein NS1 (Afanasiev et al., Exp. parasitol., 1994). To determine the sequences required for transactivation, expression of structural protein gene–β-galactosidase gene fusion constructs differing in AeDNV genome content was measured with and without NS1. The presence of NS1 led to an 8- to 10-fold increase in expression when either genomic end was present, compared to a 2-fold increase with a construct lacking the genomic ends. An even higher (37-fold) increase in expression occurred with both genomic ends present; however, this was in part due to template replication as shown by Southern blot analysis. These data indicate the location and importance of various elements necessary for efficient protein expression and transactivation from the structural protein gene promoter of AeDNV.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Dynamics of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Whole-Genome Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Jiahui Guo ◽  
Zimin Liu ◽  
Xue Tong ◽  
Zixin Wang ◽  
Shangen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Structural Protein Gene

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an important pathogen in the swine industry, is a genetically highly diverse RNA virus. However, the phylogenetic and genomic recombination properties of this virus are not yet fully understood. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of all available whole-genome sequences of type 2 PRRSV (n = 901) to reveal its evolutionary dynamics. The results showed that there were three distinct phylogenetic lineages of PRRSV in their distribution patterns. We identified that sublineage 2.7 (L2.7), associated with a NADC30 cluster, had the highest substitution rate and higher viral genetic diversity, and inter-lineage recombination is observed more frequently in L2.7 PRRSV compared to other sublineages. Most inter-lineage recombination events detected are observed between L2.7 PRRSVs (as major parents) and L3.4 (a JXA1-R-related cluster)/L3.7 (a WUH3-related cluster) PRRSVs (as minor parents). Moreover, the recombination hotspots are located in the structural protein gene ORF2 and ORF4, or in the non-structural protein gene nsp7. In addition, a GM2-related cluster, L3.2, shows inconsistent recombination modes compared to those of L2.7, suggesting that it may have undergone extensive and unique recombination in their evolutionary history. We also identified several amino acids under positive selection in GP2, GP4 and GP5, the major glycoproteins of PRRSV, showing the driving force behind adaptive evolution. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of PPRSV that contribute to our understanding of the critical factors involved in its evolution and guide future efforts to develop effective preventive measures against PRRSV.

scholarly journals Sequence of the non-structural protein gene encoded by RNA1 of striped jack nervous necrosis virus

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 3019-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nagai ◽  
Toyohiko Nishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Structural Protein Gene

Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish, is a member of the family Nodaviridae whose genome consists of two positive-sense RNA molecules encapsidated in a single virion. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of SJNNV RNA1 was determined. The SJNNV RNA1 was 3081 bases long and contained a single ORF encoding 983 aa of approximately 110 kDa. The sequence identities between RNA1 of SJNNV and RNA1 of insect nodaviruses were 28% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, although the conserved motifs for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were located at almost the same positions in the amino acid sequences. The present study, together with our previous work on SJNNV RNA2, suggests that a new genus, Piscinodavirus, should be created in the family Nodaviridae.

scholarly journals Envelope Protein Gene VP466-a Target for PCR Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp

2016 ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Hossain ◽  
Santonu Kumar Sanyal ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Siddique ◽  
Raj Kumar Biswas ◽  
Munawar Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Envelope Protein ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
White Spot Disease ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an enveloped and double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Nimaviridae and genus Whispovirus, causing white spot disease (WSD) in shrimp. The virus is highly virulent and leads to 100% mortality within 10 days. Detection of WSSV and segregation of infected brood shrimp, post-larvae and cultured shrimp are currently considered as containment strategies to reduce the spread of WSD. This investigation describes a polymerase chain reaction method to detect WSSV in WSD infected cultured shrimp targeting VP466 gene encoding the large structural protein in virus particle. In silico homology analysis of the primer pair designed in this work clearly identified WSSV VP466 gene sequence with 100% specificity. A total of 16 shrimp samples from 16 farms were selected, where 6 shrimp samples were with characteristics WSD spot and 10 shrimp samples were asymptomatic. Among the 16 shrimp samples, 12 showed PCR positive amplifications for major envelope protein gene VP466. Sequencing of the amplicons followed by homology searching using BLAST further confirmed the presence of WSSV. Phylogenetic analysis of VP466 gene sequences showed its close proximity to the WSSV strain of Indian origin. The present study demonstrates that the envelope protein VP466 gene as a specific target for PCR detection and characterization of WSSV in WSD infected and carrier shrimpsBangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 31, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2014, pp 65-68

scholarly journals Primary Structure of the Sialodacryoadenitis Virus Genome: Sequence of the Structural-Protein Region and Its Application for Differential Diagnosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwan Yoo ◽  
Yanlong Pei ◽  
Natasha Christie ◽  
Melissa Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Laboratory Rats

ABSTRACT Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) is a coronavirus that is commonly found in laboratory rats and that causes sialodacryoadenitis and respiratory illness. We cloned and sequenced the 3′ terminal 9.8 kb of the genomic RNA and analyzed the structure of the viral genome. As with mouse hepatitis coronaviruses (MHVs), the SDAV genome was able to code for a spike protein, a small membrane protein, a membrane-associated protein, and a nucleocapsid protein. In addition, the hemagglutinin-esterase gene capable of encoding a protein of 439 amino acids (aa) was identified. The putative functional site for acetylesterase activity was present in the HE protein as Phe-Gly-Asp-Ser (FGDS), suggesting that the SDAV HE protein might have retained the esterase activity. Immediately upstream of the HE gene and downstream of the polymerase 1b gene, the NS2 nonstructural-protein gene was identified with a coding capacity of 274 aa. A motif of UCUAAAC was identified as a potential transcription signal for subgenomic mRNA synthesis. Large insertions of 172, 127, and 44 aa were detected in the N-terminal half of the predicted S protein of SDAV when its sequence was compared to the sequences of MHV 2, MHV JHM, and MHV A59, respectively. The sequence information on the SDAV S-protein gene was applied to a differential diagnostic PCR to detect and distinguish the rat coronavirus from mouse coronaviruses. This is the first report on the comprehensive genetic information of any rat coronavirus.

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