Vestibular Labyrinth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2004-2012
Author(s):  
V. P. Demkin ◽  
S. V. Melnichuk ◽  
M. D. Akinina ◽  
O. V. Demkin

1959 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1478???1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Mangabeira-Albernaz ◽  
Walter P. Covell ◽  
Donald H. Eldredge
Keyword(s):  

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
A.H. Clarke

The extensive remains of large sauropods, excavated in the Upper Jurassic layers of the Tendaguru region of Tanzania, East Africa by Janensch [15], include an intact fossil cast of a vestibular labyrinth and an endocast of the large Brachiosaurus brancai. The approximately 150 million year old labyrinth cast demonstrates clearly a form and organisation congruent in detail to those of extant vertebrate species. Besides the near-orthogonal arrangement of semicircular canals (SCCs), the superior and inferior branches of the vestibulo-acoustic nerve, the endolymphatic duct, the oval and round windows, and the cochlea can be identified. The orientation of the labyrinth in the temporal bone is also equivalent to that of many extant vertebrates. Furthermore, the existence of the twelve cranial nerves can be identified from the endocast. The present study was initiated after the photogrammetric measurement of the skeleton volume of B. brancai [13] yielded a realistic estimate of body mass (74.42 metric tons). Dimensional analysis shows that body mass and average SCC dimensions of B. brancai generally fit with the allometric relationship found in previous studies of extant species. However, the anterior SCC is significantly larger than the allometric relationship would predict. This would indicate greater sensitivity, supporting the idea that the behavioural repertoire must have included much slower pitch movements of the head. These slower movements would most likely have involved flexion of the neck, rather than head pitching about the atlas joint. Pursuing the relationship between body mass and SCC dimensions further, the SCC frequency response is estimated by scaling up from the SCC dimensions of the rhesus monkey; this yields a range between 0.008–26 Hz, approximately one octave lower than for humans.


2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711
Author(s):  
V. P. Demkin ◽  
V. V. Udut ◽  
P. P. Shchetinin ◽  
M. V. Svetlik ◽  
S. V. Mel’nichuk ◽  
...  

1992 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gstoettner ◽  
Martin Burian ◽  
Monika Cartellieri

1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Jeffries ◽  
James O. Pickles ◽  
Michael P. Osborne ◽  
Peter H. Rhys-Evans ◽  
Spiro D. Comis

AbstractThe saccules and ampullae of the semicircular canals from human and guinea pig temporal bones were fixed in glutaraldehyde without osmium. Crosslinks were seen between stereocilia of the vestibular hair cells, similar to those previously demonstrated in the guinea pig, although an additional set of crosslinks was displayed: first, horizontal crosslinks were seen between adjacent stereocilia, occupying most of the length of the hair bundle; secondly, a single upward-pointing link ran from the apex of each shorter stereocilium into the shaft of the adjacent taller ster-eocilium; thirdly, an extensive array of horizontal links were demonstrated between stereocilia close to their insertion into the cuticular plate. We suggest that these basal crosslinks support the long vestibular stereocilia rendering them more rigid, and that the upwind pointing crosslinks are responsible for the initiation of sensory transduction.


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