scholarly journals Class Comparison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Class Comparison

scholarly journals Paranormal Belief, Thinking Style and Delusion Formation: A Latent Profile Analysis of Within-Individual Variations in Experience-Based Paranormal Facets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater ◽  
Neil Dagnall ◽  
Andrew Denovan ◽  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Class Comparison ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Paranormal Experience ◽  
Latent Profile

This study examined the degree to which within-individual variations in paranormal experience were related to belief in the paranormal, preferential thinking style, and delusion formation. A sample of 956 non-clinical adults completed measures assessing experience-based paranormal indices (i.e., paranormal experience, paranormal practitioner visiting, and paranormal ability), paranormal belief, belief in science, proneness to reality testing deficits, and emotion-based reasoning. Latent profile analysis (LPA) combined the experience-based indices to produce six underlying groups. Inter-class comparison via multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that both breadth and intensity of experiential factors were associated with higher belief in in the paranormal, increased proneness to reality testing deficits, and greater emotion-based reasoning. Belief in science, however, was less susceptible to experiential variations. Further analysis of reality testing subscales revealed that experiential profiles influenced levels of intrapsychic activity in subtle and intricate ways, especially those indexing Auditory and Visual Hallucinations and Delusional Thinking. Collectively, identification of profiles and inter-class comparisons provided a sophisticated understanding of the relative contribution of experiential factors to differences in paranormal belief, belief in science, proneness to reality testing deficits, and emotion-based reasoning.

Teaching Human Factors Principles Through Design of an EXIT Sign

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Class Comparison ◽  
Hands On

A hands-on, specific design assignment is described, for use in a graduate or undergraduate human factors course. The assignment requires students to re-design an EXIT sign, taking into account principles of visual display design, and environmental factors, which may reduce visibility of the sign. Assigning a particular object to re-design allows for in-class comparison and discussion, and additionally, is easier for students when first beginning to identify human factors deficiencies in everyday objects. Students consistently rate this assignment positively, and especially enjoy the creative aspect of the assignment.

scholarly journals Universal Relation for Life-span Energy Consumption in Living Organisms: Insights for the origin of aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Escala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Geometrical Factor ◽  
Universal Relation ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Class Comparison ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Magnitude Difference

Metabolic energy consumption has long been thought to play a major role in the aging process (1). Across species, a gram of tissue on average expends about the same amount of energy during life-span (2). Energy restriction has also been shown that increases maximum life-span (3) and retards age-associated changes (4). However, there are significant exceptions to a universal energy consumption during life-span, mainly coming from the inter-class comparison (5, 6). Here we present a unique relation for life-span energy consumption, valid for ∼300 species representing all classes of living organisms, from unicellular ones to the largest mammals. The relation has an average scatter of only 0.3 dex, with 95% of the organisms having departures less than a factor of π from the relation, despite the ∼20 orders of magnitude difference in body mass, reducing any possible inter-class variation in the relation to only a geometrical factor. This result can be interpreted as supporting evidence for the existence of an approximately constant total number Nr ∼ 108 of respiration cycles per lifetime for all organisms, effectively predetermining the extension of life by the basic energetics of respiration.

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