scholarly journals Esophageal Retention with Retrograde Flow Below Pharyngoesophageal Segment Following Swallowing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Pharyngoesophageal Segment

Development of a retrograde flow inhibition device in continues flow VAD for emergency rescue

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yildirim ◽  
S. Pecha ◽  
Y. Alassar ◽  
S. Hakmi ◽  
T. Deuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Emergency Rescue

A Simple Device for Preventing Retrograde Flow of Blood into Intravenous Lines Caused by Blood Pressure Measurements

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Maekawa ◽  
Katsuya Mikawa ◽  
Kahoru Nishina ◽  
Yoshito Kiyonari ◽  
Hidefumi Obara
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Simple Device ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Retrograde Flow

scholarly journals Guidance of Axons by Local Coupling of Retrograde Flow to Point Contact Adhesions

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 2267-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Nichol ◽  
Kate M. Hagen ◽  
Derek C. Lumbard ◽  
Erik W. Dent ◽  
Timothy M. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Point Contact ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Local Coupling

scholarly journals Region-Specific Microtubule Transport in Motile Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie C. Yvon ◽  
Patricia Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Cell Locomotion ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Microtubule Transport ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Photoactivation and photobleaching of fluorescence were used to determine the mechanism by which microtubules (MTs) are remodeled in PtK2 cells during fibroblast-like motility in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The data show that MTs are transported during cell motility in an actomyosin-dependent manner, and that the direction of transport depends on the dominant force in the region examined. MTs in the leading lamella move rearward relative to the substrate, as has been reported in newt cells (Waterman-Storer, C.M., and E.D. Salmon. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 139:417–434), whereas MTs in the cell body and in the retraction tail move forward, in the direction of cell locomotion. In the transition zone between the peripheral lamella and the cell body, a subset of MTs remains stationary with respect to the substrate, whereas neighboring MTs are transported either forward, with the cell body, or rearward, with actomyosin retrograde flow. In addition to transport, the photoactivated region frequently broadens, indicating that individual marked MTs are moved either at different rates or in different directions. Mark broadening is also observed in nonmotile cells, indicating that this aspect of transport is independent of cell locomotion. Quantitative measurements of the dissipation of photoactivated fluorescence show that, compared with MTs in control nonmotile cells, MT turnover is increased twofold in the lamella of HGF-treated cells but unchanged in the retraction tail, demonstrating that microtubule turnover is regionally regulated.

Voice Rehabilitation after Total Laryngectomy and Tracheoesophageal Puncture Using Nonmuscle Closure

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Clevens ◽  
Duane O. Hartshorn ◽  
Ramon M. Esclamado ◽  
Jan S. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Voice Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Pharyngoesophageal Segment ◽  
Pharyngeal Plexus ◽  
Neck Recurrence ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Puncture ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Successful Production

The successful production of voice with a tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) and voice prosthesis requires a compliant pharyngoesophageal segment. Speech failure is commonly attributed to spasm of the pharyngoesophageal segment. During total laryngectomy (TL), a 3-layer closure is typically performed. This prospective single-arm study examines the safety and efficacy of TL and TEP with nonclosure of the pharyngeal musculature to prevent pharyngoesophageal spasm as an alternative to 3-layer closure with pharyngeal plexus neurectomy and/or pharyngeal constrictor myotomy. Twenty-one consecutive patients were enrolled by a single surgeon. The mean duration of follow-up was 19.5 ± 7.9 months. Surgical complications and voice rehabilitation outcomes were examined. An overall complication rate of 28.5% was observed. Fluency was achieved in 75% of patients within a mean of 4.3 ± 5.1 months. Speech failure was attributable to early primary site and neck recurrence (5%), hypoglossal nerve palsy (5%), hypopharyngeal stricture and recurrence (5%), dementia (5%), and intransigent alcohol abuse (5%). Pharyngeosophageal spasm was not observed in any subjects. We conclude that primary TEP with nonclosure of the pharyngeal muscle during TL is relatively safe. Furthermore, it is preferable over 3-layer closure because it avoids pharyngeosophageal spasm, a factor limiting voice rehabilitation.

Venom flow in rattlesnakes: mechanics and metering

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (24) ◽  
pp. 4345-4351
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Young ◽  
Krista Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Crotalus Atrox ◽  
Direct Recording ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Videography

SUMMARY The functional morphology of venom injection in Crotalus atrox was explored using high-speed digital videography combined with direct recording of venom flow using perivascular flow probes. Although venom flow was variable, in most strikes the onset of venom flow was coincidental with fang penetration, and retrograde flow (venom suction) was observed prior to fang withdrawal. The duration of venom flow was consistently less than the duration of fang penetration. The occurrence of retrograde flow, ‘dry bites’ (which accounted for 35 % of the strikes) and unilateral strikes all support a hypothesis for venom pooling in the distal portion of the venom-delivery system. No significant difference in temporal or volumetric aspects of venom flow were found between defensive strikes directed at small and large rodents. With the species and size of target held constant, the duration of venom flow, maximum venom flow rate and total venom volume were all significantly lower in predatory than in defensive strikes.

Comparison of Prospective and Retrospective Gated 4D Flow Cardiac MR Image Acquisitions in the Carotid Bifurcation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott R. Hurd ◽  
Mengjiao Han ◽  
Jason K. Mendes ◽  
J. Rock Hadley ◽  
Chris R. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Mri ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Prospective Gating ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Temporal Coverage

Abstract The superior temporal coverage of retrospective versus prospective gating in 4D flow cardiac MRI (cMRI) imaging offers advantages in comprehensively evaluating the hemodynamic environment across the complete cardiac cycle; however, retrospective acquisitions may result in temporal smoothing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement of 4D flow cMRI-derived bulk flow features and fluid (blood) velocities in the carotid bifurcation using prospective and retrospective gating techniques. Prospective and retrospective ECG-gated three-dimensional (3D) cine phase-contrast cardiac MRI with three-direction velocity encoding (i.e., 4D flow cMRI) data were acquired in ten carotid bifurcations from men (n = 3) and women (n = 2) that were cardiovascular disease-free. Velocity magnitude data were extracted from the fluid domain within the image volumes and evaluated across the entire volume or at defined anatomic planes (common, internal, external carotid arteries). Vector magnitudes were decomposed into components to quantify flow direction and disturbances, including retrograde flow. Flow streamlines encoded for velocity magnitude and velocity profiles were generated. Qualitative and quantitative agreement was observed in bulk flow features and fluid velocity magnitudes derived from either prospective or retrospective ECG-gated 4D flow cMRI. No significant differences in velocity magnitudes or components (υr, υθ, υz) were observed. Importantly, retrospective acquisitions captured increased retrograde flow in the internal carotid artery (i.e., carotid sinus) compared to prospective acquisitions. Prospective and retrospective ECG-gated 4D flow cMRI acquisitions provide comparable evaluations of the hemodynamic environment in the carotid bifurcation. However, the increased temporal coverage of retrospective acquisitions depicts disturbed blood flow patterns not captured by the prospective gating technique.

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