Primary Palate | ScienceGate

Background: There may be many reasons for delays to primary cleft surgery. Our aim was to investigate the age of children undergoing primary cleft lip or primary cleft palate repair in 5 cleft centers within the United Kingdom. Identify the reasons for delayed primary cleft lip repair (beyond 6 months) and delayed primary palate repair (beyond 13 months). Identify children who had a cleft lip and/or palate (CL±P) that was intentionally unrepaired and the reasons for this. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter review of patients born with a CL±P between December 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. Three regional cleft centers, comprising of 5 cleft administrative units in the United Kingdom participated. Results: In all, 1826 patients with CL±P were identified. Of them, 120 patients had delayed lip repair, outside the expected standard of 183 days. And, 178 patients in total had delayed palate repair, outside the expected standard of 396 days. Twenty (1%) patients had an unrepaired cleft palate. Conclusions: This large retrospective review highlights variations between centers regarding the timing of lip and palate surgery and details the reasons stated for delayed primary surgery. A small number of patients with an unrepaired cleft palate were identified. All had complex medical problems or comorbidities listed as a reason for the decision not to operate and 50% had a syndromic diagnosis. The number of patients receiving delayed surgery due to comorbidities, being underweight or prematurity, highlights the importance of the cleft specialist nurse and pediatrician within the cleft multidisciplinary team.

Download Full-text

Distribution of p21ras during primary palate formation of non-cleft and cleft strains of mice

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01148.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Y. Wang ◽

K. C. Chen ◽

C. P. Chiang ◽

M. Y. P. Kuo

Keyword(s):

Primary Palate

Download Full-text

Analysis of distribution patterns of gap junctions during development of embryonic chick facial primordia and brain

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.111.2.509 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 509-522

Author(s):

R. Minkoff ◽

S.B. Parker ◽

E.L. Hertzberg

Keyword(s):

Gap Junctions ◽

Gap Junction ◽

Uniform Distribution ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Connexin 43 ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Exterior Surface ◽

Junction Protein ◽

Primary Palate ◽

Gap Junction Protein

Gap junction distribution in the facial primordia of chick embryos at the time of primary palate formation was studied employing indirect immunofluorescence localization with antibodies to gap junction proteins initially identified in rat liver (27 × 10(3) Mr, connexin 32) and heart (43 × 10(3) Mr, connexin 43). Immunolocalization with antibodies to the rat liver gap junction protein (27 × 10(3) Mr) demonstrated a ubiquitous and uniform distribution in all regions of the epithelium and mesenchyme except the nasal placode. In the placodal epithelium, a unique non-random distribution was found characterized by two zones: a very heavy concentration of signal in the superficial layer of cells adjacent to the exterior surface and a region devoid of detectable signal in the interior cell layer adjacent to the mesenchyme. This pattern was seen during all stages of placode invagination that were examined. The separation of gap junctions in distinct cell layers was unique to the nasal placode, and was not found in any other region of the developing primary palate. One other tissue was found that exhibited this pattern-the developing neural epithelium of the brain and retina. These observations suggest the presence of region-specific signaling mechanisms and, possibly, an impedance of cell communication among subpopulations of cells in these structures at critical stages of development. Immunolocalization with antibodies to the ‘heart’ 43 × 10(3) Mr gap junction protein also revealed the presence of gap junction protein in facial primordia and neural epithelium. A non-uniform distribution of immunoreactivity was also observed for connexin 43.

Download Full-text

Autoradiographic study of macromolecular synthesis in the fusion epithelium of the developing rat primary palate in vitro

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.50.1.145 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 145-154

Author(s):

Alvaro A. Figueroa ◽

Robert M. Pratt

Keyword(s):

Autoradiographic Study ◽

Whole Embryo Culture ◽

Glycoprotein Synthesis ◽

Palate Development ◽

Molecular Events ◽

Secondary Palate ◽

Primary Palate ◽

Epithelial Fusion ◽

Developing Rat

The facial processes involved in primary palate formation undergo epithelial fusion in a manner morphologically analogous to that observed during secondary palate formation. We have used whole embryo culture to analyze the synthesis of macromolecules (DNA, protein, glycoprotein) in the primary palate, based on the incorporation of various labeled precursors. The results of this study demonstrate that changes in the synthesis of macromolecules occur during the fusion of the facial processes, which resemble those previously reported to occur during secondary palate development. These changes include cessation of DNA synthesis in cells in a restricted zone of the epithelium, concomitant with maintenance of glycoprotein synthesis. These findings indicate that the molecular events underlying the development of the primary and secondary palate may be similar.

Download Full-text

The molecular anatomy of mammalian upper lip and primary palate fusion at single cell resolution

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.174888 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 (12) ◽

pp. dev174888 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hong Li ◽

Kenneth L. Jones ◽

Joan E. Hooper ◽

Trevor Williams

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Primary Palate ◽

Molecular Anatomy

Download Full-text

Congenital Defects of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588101800104 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

H. F. Stills ◽

B. C. Bullock

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Squirrel Monkeys ◽

Saimiri Sciureus ◽

Congenital Defects ◽

Skeletal Defects ◽

High Incidence ◽

Primary Palate ◽

Ultimobranchial Gland

Nine congenital defects were seen in six animals during necropsies of 27 aborted or stillborn and 25 neonatal squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus) during a two-year period. The defects were left diaphragmatic hypoplasia with herniation; right renal aplasia in conjunction with a right cleft lip and primary palate; supernumerary left kidney; skeletal defects, hydrocephalus, and thyroid anomalies consistent with the campomelic syndrome; atresia ani; and ultimobranchial gland remnants. The high incidence of congenital anomalies (4.9% of births and 11.5% of nonsurviving births) is consistent with a previous report of congenital defects in squirrel monkeys.

Download Full-text

Palatal Morphology and Type of Clefting

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0477_pmatoc_2.3.co_2 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 477-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pauli V.J. Kilpeläinen ◽

Maija T. Laine-Alava ◽

Seppo Lammi

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Developmental Stage ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Secondary Palate ◽

Different Types ◽

Primary Palate

In this study, the variation in palatal dimensions, particularly for height, width, and depth, were evaluated in subjects with different types of cleft palate using the moiré technique. The sample consisted of 95 subjects with cleft palate and 68 noncleft individuals. Effects of cleft type, gender, developmental stage of the dentition, missing teeth, and 11 skeletal and pharyngeal cephalometric variables on palatal dimensions were assessed using multiple-regression analyses. The typing of clefts had an effect on the all palatal dimensions. The palate was shallower in subjects with clefts involving the secondary palate than in other types of clefts or in none left individuals. The palatal width was decreased in subjects with cleft in the primary palate, and the palatal depth was affected by all cleft types except submucous cleft. Gender, developmental stage of the dentition, missing teeth, and some of the cephalometric variables also had a certain effect on the palatal dimensions.

Download Full-text