scholarly journals FancD2 Nuclear Foci Present

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Foci

scholarly journals RAP80 and BRCA1 PARsylation protect chromosome integrity by preventing retention of BRCA1-B/C complexes in DNA repair foci

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 2084-2091
Author(s):  
Jekaterina Vohhodina ◽  
Kimberly J. Toomire ◽  
Sarah A. Petit ◽  
Goran Micevic ◽  
Geeta Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Adp Ribosylation ◽  
Chromosomal Disorder ◽  
Nuclear Foci ◽  
Simultaneous Loss ◽  
Chromosome Integrity ◽  
Focal Structures

BRCA1 promotes error-free, homologous recombination-mediated repair (HRR) of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). When excessive and uncontrolled, BRCA1 HRR activity promotes illegitimate recombination and genome disorder. We and others have observed that the BRCA1-associated protein RAP80 recruits BRCA1 to postdamage nuclear foci, and these chromatin structures then restrict the amplitude of BRCA1-driven HRR. What remains unclear is how this process is regulated. Here we report that both BRCA1 poly-ADP ribosylation (PARsylation) and the presence of BRCA1-bound RAP80 are critical for the normal interaction of BRCA1 with some of its partners (e.g., CtIP and BACH1) that are also known components of the aforementioned focal structures. Surprisingly, the simultaneous loss of RAP80 and failure therein of BRCA1 PARsylation results in the dysregulated accumulation in these foci of BRCA1 complexes. This in turn is associated with the intracellular development of a state of hyper-recombination and gross chromosomal disorder. Thus, physiological RAP80-BRCA1 complex formation and BRCA1 PARsylation contribute to the kinetics by which BRCA1 HRR-sustaining complexes normally concentrate in nuclear foci. These events likely contribute to aneuploidy suppression.

scholarly journals Effect of the expression of BRCA2 on spontaneous homologous recombination and DNA damage-induced nuclear foci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutagenesis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Spugnesi ◽  
C. Balia ◽  
A. Collavoli ◽  
E. Falaschi ◽  
V. Quercioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Nuclear Foci

scholarly journals Characterization of Aes nuclear foci in colorectal cancer cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Itatani ◽  
Masahiro Sonoshita ◽  
Fumihiko Kakizaki ◽  
Katsuya Okawa ◽  
Stefano Stifani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Nuclear Foci

scholarly journals The NR4A2 Nuclear Receptor Is Recruited to Novel Nuclear Foci in Response to UV Irradiation and Participates in Nucleotide Excision Repair

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e78075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturee Jagirdar ◽  
Kelvin Yin ◽  
Matthew Harrison ◽  
Wen Lim ◽  
George E. O. Muscat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Nuclear Foci

scholarly journals The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Slt2 Regulates Nuclear Retention of Non-Heat Shock mRNAs during Heat Shock-Induced Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (21) ◽  
pp. 5168-5179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Carmody ◽  
Elizabeth J. Tran ◽  
Luciano H. Apponi ◽  
Anita H. Corbett ◽  
Susan R. Wente
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Mrna Export ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Focus Formation ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Heat Shock Stress ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Nuclear Foci ◽  
Shock Stress

ABSTRACT Cellular adaptation to environmental stress conditions requires rapid and specific changes in gene expression. During heat shock, most polyadenylated mRNAs are retained in the nucleus, whereas the export of heat shock-induced mRNAs is allowed. Although essential mRNA export factors are known, the precise mechanism for regulating transport is not fully understood. Here we find that during heat shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mRNA-binding protein Nab2 is phosphorylated on threonine 178 and serine 180 by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Slt2/Mpk1. Slt2 is required for nuclear poly(A+) mRNA accumulation upon heat shock, and thermotolerance is decreased in a nup42 nab2-T178A/S180A mutant. Coincident with phosphorylation, Nab2 and Yra1 colocalize in nuclear foci with Mlp1, a protein involved in mRNA retention. Nab2 nuclear focus formation and Nab2 phosphorylation are independent, suggesting that heat shock induces multiple cellular alterations that impinge upon transport efficiency. Under normal conditions, we find that the mRNA export receptor Mex67 and Nab2 directly interact. However, upon heat shock stress, Mex67 does not localize to the Mlp1 nuclear foci, and its association with Nab2 complexes is reduced. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which the MAP kinase Slt2 and Mlp1 control mRNA export factors during heat shock stress.

scholarly journals Activity-dependent nuclear translocation and intranuclear distribution of NFATc in adult skeletal muscle fibers

2001 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yewei Liu ◽  
Zoltán Cseresnyés ◽  
William R. Randall ◽  
Martin F. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Nuclear Foci ◽  
Fast Twitch

TTranscription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells NFATc (NFATc1, NFAT2) may contribute to slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber type–specific gene expression. Green fluorescence protein (GFP) or FLAG fusion proteins of either wild-type or constitutively active mutant NFATc [NFATc(S→A)] were expressed in cultured adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers from flexor digitorum brevis (predominantly fast-twitch). Unstimulated fibers expressing NFATc(S→A) exhibited a distinct intranuclear pattern of NFATc foci. In unstimulated fibers expressing NFATc–GFP, fluorescence was localized at the sarcomeric z-lines and absent from nuclei. Electrical stimulation using activity patterns typical of slow-twitch muscle, either continuously at 10 Hz or in 5-s trains at 10 Hz every 50 s, caused cyclosporin A–sensitive appearance of fluorescent foci of NFATc–GFP in all nuclei. Fluorescence of nuclear foci increased during the first hour of stimulation and then remained constant during a second hour of stimulation. Kinase inhibitors and ionomycin caused appearance of nuclear foci of NFATc–GFP without electrical stimulation. Nuclear translocation of NFATc–GFP did not occur with either continuous 1 Hz stimulation or with the fast-twitch fiber activity pattern of 0.1-s trains at 50 Hz every 50 s. The stimulation pattern–dependent nuclear translocation of NFATc demonstrated here could thus contribute to fast-twitch to slow-twitch fiber type transformation.

BRCC36 Is Essential for Ionizing Radiation–Induced BRCA1 Phosphorylation and Nuclear Foci Formation

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 5039-5046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Chen ◽  
Cletus A. Arciero ◽  
Chunrong Wang ◽  
Dominique Broccoli ◽  
Andrew K. Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Nuclear Foci

scholarly journals FoCo: a simple and robust quantification algorithm of nuclear foci

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Lapytsko ◽  
Gabriel Kollarovic ◽  
Lyubomira Ivanova ◽  
Maja Studencka ◽  
Jörg Schaber
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Foci

The use of buccal cells for rapid diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Holt ◽  
Ros Quinlivan ◽  
Jillian Couto ◽  
Darren Monckton ◽  
Glenn Morris
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Nuclear Foci ◽  
Cug Repeats ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractType 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a CTG repeat expansion. RNA containing expanded CUG repeats does not leave the nucleus, but accumulates in discrete nuclear foci which sequester the human muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins. We have examined buccal cells from 15 adult DM1 patients and 7 control non-DM patients to determine whether nuclear foci can be detected by either immunostaining for MBNL1 protein or fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) for the CUG repeat RNA. Both methods detected nuclear foci in all three early-onset patients, but only in a minority of 12 less severe DM1 patients. There were no false-positive results in the 7 controls. Although the method does not reliably identify all DM1 patients, it may prove useful as a rapid test for severe congenital DM1 in floppy babies.

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