scholarly journals Flood Source

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Source

scholarly journals A review of modelling methodologies for flood source area (FSA) identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrie Singh ◽  
David Dawson ◽  
Mark Trigg ◽  
Nigel Wright
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
Flood Source ◽  
Modelling Approaches

AbstractFlooding is an important global hazard that causes an average annual loss of over 40 billion USD and affects a population of over 250 million globally. The complex process of flooding depends on spatial and temporal factors such as weather patterns, topography, and geomorphology. In urban environments where the landscape is ever-changing, spatial factors such as ground cover, green spaces, and drainage systems have a significant impact. Understanding source areas that have a major impact on flooding is, therefore, crucial for strategic flood risk management (FRM). Although flood source area (FSA) identification is not a new concept, its application is only recently being applied in flood modelling research. Continuous improvements in the technology and methodology related to flood models have enabled this research to move beyond traditional methods, such that, in recent years, modelling projects have looked beyond affected areas and recognised the need to address flooding at its source, to study its influence on overall flood risk. These modelling approaches are emerging in the field of FRM and propose innovative methodologies for flood risk mitigation and design implementation; however, they are relatively under-examined. In this paper, we present a review of the modelling approaches currently used to identify FSAs, i.e. unit flood response (UFR) and adaptation-driven approaches (ADA). We highlight their potential for use in adaptive decision making and outline the key challenges for the adoption of such approaches in FRM practises.

scholarly journals Evaluation of coupled ANN-GA model to prioritize flood source areas in ungauged watersheds

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-442
Author(s):  
Naser Dehghanian ◽  
S. Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani ◽  
Bahram Saghafian ◽  
Morteza Rayati Damavandi
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Walnut Gulch ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Flood Source

Abstract An important step in flood control planning is identification of flood source areas (FSAs). This study presents a methodology for identifying FSAs. Unit flood response (UFR) approach has been proposed to quantify FSAs at subwatershed and/or cell scale. In this study, a distributed ModClark model linked with Muskingum flow routing was used for hydrological simulations. Furthermore, a fuzzy hybrid clustering method was adopted to identify hydrological homogenous regions (HHRs) resulting in clusters involving the most effective variables in runoff generation as selected through factor analysis (FA). The selected variables along with 50-year rainfall were entered into an artificial neural network (ANN) model optimized via genetic algorithm (GA) to predict flood index (FI) at cell scale. The case studies were two semi-arid watersheds, Tangrah in northeastern Iran and Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Arizona. The results revealed that the predicted values of FI via ANN-GA were slightly different from those derived via UFR in terms of mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and relative error (RE). Also, the prioritized FSAs via ANN-GA were almost similar to those of UFR. The proposed methodology may be applicable in prioritization of HHRs with respect to flood generation in ungauged semi-arid watersheds.

Evaluating the purity of a 57 Co flood source by PET

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 112502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. DiFilippo
Keyword(s):  
Flood Source

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Fadia Maghsood ◽  
Hamidreza Moradi ◽  
Ali Reza Massah Bavani ◽  
Mostafa Panahi ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Flood Source

This study assessed the impact of climate change on flood frequency and flood source area at basin scale considering Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 General Circulation Models (CMIP5 GCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was calibrated and validated for the Talar River Basin in northern Iran. Four empirical approaches including the Sangal, Fill–Steiner, Fuller, and Slope-based methods were used to estimate the Instantaneous Peak Flow (IPF) on a daily basis. The calibrated SWAT model was run under the two RCP scenarios using a combination of twenty GCMs from CMIP5 for the near future (2020–40). To assess the impact of climate change on flood frequency pattern and to quantify the contribution of each subbasin on the total discharge from the Talar River Basin, Flood Frequency Index (FFI) and Subbasin Flood Source Area Index (SFSAI) were used. Results revealed that the projected climate change will likely lead to an average discharge decrease in January, February, and March for both RCPs and an increase in September and October for RCP 8.5. The maximum and minimum temperature will likely increase for all months in the near future. The annual precipitation could increase by more than 20% in the near future. This is likely to lead to an increase of IPF. The results can help managers and policy makers to better define mitigation and adaptation strategies for basins in similar climates.

scholarly journals Measurement of Uniformity and Multiple Head Registration (MHR)/Centre of Rotation (COR) of a Newly Installed Hybrid SPECT/CT At INMAS, Mymensingh

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Md Fakhar Uddin ◽  
SM Moinul Islam ◽  
M Nasim Khan ◽  
Ratan Kumar Chakraborty ◽  
Shakila Zaman Rima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Quality Controls ◽  
Equal Strength ◽  
Detector Surface ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Centre Of Rotation ◽  
Flood Source ◽  
Spect Images

The main quality controls of hybrid SPECT/CT are Uniformity and Multiple Head Registration (MHR)/Centre of rotation (COR). Uniformity corrects and verifies camera’s response to uniform distribution of radionuclides on the detector surface. MHR/COR not only observes mechanical errors but also quantitatively corrects the errors due to movement of patients and detectors onthe SPECT images. The aim of the study is to establish baseline values thatcan be used as reference for future quality assurance and to verify the manufacturer’s specification. Both intrinsic and extrinsic Uniformity were measured by using 18?Ci 99mTc point source and 35mCi 99mTc flood source respectively. For MHR/COR measurements, MHR Phantom containing five approximately equal strength (1 mCi99mTc of each) point sourceswere used. The values were found to be in correlation with manufacturer’s specification. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22494 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 67-74, January 2014

scholarly journals Transmission Imaging in Lymphoscintigraphy with a 153Gd Flood Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
F. P. DiFilippo ◽  
R. C. Brunken ◽  
D. R. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Imaging ◽  
Flood Source

scholarly journals An Exploratory Optimal Framework of Low Impact Development Measures Spatial Arrangement based on Source Tracking for Urban Flood Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Qi ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Hongshi Xu ◽  
Zifan Chen ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Flood Source

Abstract Urban areas are vulnerable to flooding as a result of climate change and population growth and thus rainstorm-induced flood losses are becoming increasingly severe. Low impact development (LID) measures are a storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which is critical for solving urban flood hazard. Therefore, this study developed an exploratory simulation-optimization framework for the spatial arrangement of LID measures. The proposed framework begins by applying a numerical model to simulate hydrological and hydrodynamic processes during a storm event, and the urban flood model coupled with the source tracking method was then used to identify the flood source areas. Next, based on source tracking data, the LID investment in each subcatchment was determined using the inundation volume contribution ratio of the flood source area (where most of the investment is required) to the flood hazard area (where most of the flooding occurs). Finally, the resiliency and sustainability of different LID scenarios were evaluated using several different storm events in order to provide suggestions for flooding predictions and the decision-making process. The results of this study emphasized the importance of flood source control. Furthermore, to quantitatively evaluate the impact of inundation volume transport between subcatchments on the effectiveness of LID measures, a regional relevance index (RI) was proposed to analyze the spatial connectivity between different regions. The simulation-optimization framework was applied to Haikou City, China, wherein the results indicated that LID measures in a spatial arrangement based on the source tracking method are a robust and resilient solution to flood mitigation. This study demonstrates the novelty of combining the source tracking method and highlights the spatial connectivity between flood source areas and flood hazard areas. Further, the framework acts as a strategic tool for the effective spatial arrangement design of LID measures.

scholarly journals A spatial framework to explore needs and opportunities for interoperable urban flood management

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2168) ◽  
pp. 20190205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Dawson ◽  
Kim Vercruysse ◽  
Nigel Wright
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Flood Source

Managing current and future urban flood risks must consider the connection (i.e. interoperability) between existing (and new) infrastructure systems to manage stormwater (pluvial flooding). Yet, due to a lack of systematic approaches to identify interoperable flood management interventions, opportunities are missed to combine investments of existing infrastructure (e.g. drainage, roads, land use and buildings) with blue-green infrastructure (e.g. sustainable urban drainage systems, green roofs, green spaces). In this study, a spatial analysis framework is presented combining hydrodynamic modelling with spatial information on infrastructure systems to provide strategic direction for systems-level urban flood management (UFM). The framework is built upon three categories of data: (i) flood hazard areas (i.e. characterize the spatial flood problem); (ii) flood source areas (i.e. areas contributing the most to surface flooding); (iii) the interoperable potential of different systems (i.e. which infrastructure systems can contribute to water management functions). Applied to the urban catchment of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK), the study illustrates the novelty of combining spatial data sources in a systematic way, and highlights the spatial (dis)connectivity in terms of flood source areas (where most of the flood management intervention is required) and the benefit areas (where most of the reduction in flooding occurs). The framework provides a strategic tool for managing stormwater pathways from an interoperable perspective that can help city-scale infrastructure development that considers UFM across multiple systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

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