scholarly journals Logical Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Logical Condition

The New Philosophy

Anxiety ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 36-76
Author(s):  
Bettina Bergo
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Unity Of Consciousness ◽  
Inner Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Human Practice ◽  
Transcendental Apperception

Kant’s transcendental revolution temporarily cut through debates between Humian skeptics and rationalists of a Leibniz-Wolffian stripe. It established reason as an immanent tribunal, judging its possibilities and errors. Through an analysis of the structure of intuition and the deduction of the categories intrinsic to judgement, largely scientific, the edifice of the first Critique raised epistemology out of metaphysics and psychologism. Together, the Antimonies and Paralogisms of pure reason indicated the contradictions and misuse of concepts into which rational speculation had hitherto fallen. The paralogisms of the erstwhile rational psychology had argued in favor of the simplicity, substantiality, and the personality of the soul, thereby following a logic of substance and accidents where passions and affects were the latter, attaching to that soul. By showing the errors of the paralogisms, Kant effectively “dispatched” virtually all affects to his “science of man and the world,” the anthropology of human practice. However, the solution to Kant’s Paralogisms of the soul opened a new circle, such that our inner sense and its logical condition, transcendental apperception preceded, but could only be thought thanks to, the categories of understanding. At stake was the intrinsic unity of consciousness within the transcendental project. Although the Critique of Practical Reason retained a crucial intellectual affect, Achtung (attention and respect), Kant’s epistemology required clear distinctions between understanding, reason, and affects. In a sense, ontology and epistemology bifurcate into the domains of a transcendental approach to experience as representation and what lays outside it (including pre-reflective sensibility and affects).

scholarly journals Fuzzy improvement of the SQL

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Query Language ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Structured Query Language ◽  
The Given

Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to obtain data from relational databases. Fuzzy improvement of SQL queries has advantages in cases when the user cannot unambiguously define selection criteria or when the user wants to examine data that almost meet the given criteria. In this paper we examine a realization of the fuzzy querying concept. For this purposes the fuzzy generalized logical condition for the WHERE part of the SQL is created. It allows users to create queries by linguistic terms. The proposed model is an extension of the SQL so that no modification inside databases has to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Parse Condition: Symbolic Encoding of LL(1) Parsing

10.29007/2ndp ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Singal ◽  
Palak Agarwal ◽  
Saket Jhunjhunwala ◽  
Subhajit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Program Analysis ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
Verification Conditions ◽  
Logical Condition

In this work, we propose the notion of a Parse Condition—a logical condition that is satisfiable if and only if a given string w can be successfully parsed using a grammar G. Further, we propose an algorithm for building an SMT encoding of such parse conditions for LL(1) grammars and demonstrate its utility by building two applications over it: automated repair of syntax errors in Tiger programs and automated parser synthesis to automatically synthesize LL(1) parsers from examples. We implement our ideas into a tool, Cyclops, that is able to successfully repair 80% of our benchmarks (675 buggy Tiger programs), clocking an average of 30 seconds per repair and synthesize parsers for interesting languages from examples. Like verification conditions (encoding a program in logic) have found widespread applications in program analysis, we believe that Parse Conditions can serve as a foundation for interesting applications in syntax analysis.

Deleuze's Rethinking of the Notion of Sense

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Voss
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Transcendental Logic ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Formal Relation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stoic Philosophy ◽  
Common Understanding

Drawing on Deleuze's early works of the 1960s, this article investigates the ways in which Deleuze challenges our traditional linguistic notion of sense and notion of truth. Using Frege's account of sense and truth, this article presents our common understanding of sense and truth as two separate dimensions of the proposition where sense subsists only in a formal relation to the other. It then goes on to examine the Kantian account, which makes sense the superior transcendental condition of possibility of truth. Although both accounts define sense as merely the form of possibility of truth, a huge divide cuts across a simple formal logic of sense and a transcendental logic: transcendental logic discovered a certain genetic productivity of sense, such that a proposition always has the kind of truth that it merits according to its sense. In pursuit of this genetic productivity of sense, Deleuze applies different models of explanation: a Nietzschean genealogical model of the genetic power of sense, and in The Logic of Sense a structural model combined with elements of Stoic philosophy. This article follows Deleuze in setting up a new and very complex notion of sense, which he radically distinguishes from what he terms ‘signification’, that is, an extrinsic, linguistic or logical, condition of possibility. Rather, sense has to be conceived as both the effect and the intrinsic genetic element of an extra-propositional sense-producing machine.

scholarly journals MILP Modeling for (Large) S-boxes to Optimize Probability of Differential Characteristics

2017 ◽  
pp. 99-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Yu Sasaki ◽  
Yosuke Todo ◽  
Mohamed Tolba ◽  
Amr M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Round Function ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Differential Characteristic ◽  
Condition Modeling ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Truncated Differential

Current Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based search against symmetric-key primitives with 8-bit S-boxes can only build word-wise model to search for truncated differential characteristics. In such a model, the properties of the Differential Distribution Table (DDT) are not considered. To take these properties into account, a bit-wise model is necessary, which can be generated by the H-representation of the convex hull or the logical condition modeling. However, the complexity of both approaches becomes impractical when the size of the S-box exceeds 5 bits. In this paper, we propose a new modeling for large (8-bit or more) S-boxes. In particular, we first propose an algorithm to generate a bit-wise model of the DDT for large S-boxes. We observe that the problem of generating constraints in logical condition modeling can be converted into the problem of minimizing the product-of-sum of Boolean functions, which is a well-studied problem. Hence, classical off-the-shelf solutions such as the Quine-McCluskey algorithm or the Espresso algorithm can be utilized, which makes building a bit-wise model, for 8-bit or larger S-boxes, practical. Then this model is further extended to search for the best differential characteristic by considering the probabilities of each propagation in the DDT, which is a much harder problem than searching for the lower bound on the number of active S-boxes. Our idea is to separate the DDT into multiple tables for each probability and add conditional constraints to control the behavior of these multiple tables. The proposed modeling is first applied to SKINNY-128 to find that there is no differential characteristic having probability higher than 2−128 for 14 rounds, while the designers originally expected that 15 rounds were required. We also applied the proposed modeling to two, arbitrarily selected, constructions of the seven AES round function based constructions proposed in FSE 2016 and managed to improve the lower bound on the number of the active S-boxes in one construction and the upper bound on the differential characteristic for the other.

An Objection to Kant’s Second Analogy

Kant Yearbook ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morganna Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Second Analogy

AbstractIn the Second Analogy of the Critique of Pure Reason (CPR), Kant attempts to address Hume’s causal skepticism. Kant argues that the concept of cause must be employed in order to identify objective changes in the world, and that, therefore, all events are caused. In this paper, I will challenge Kant’s argument in the Second Analogy, arguing that we can identify objective changes without using the concept of cause, but by using the concept of logical condition instead. Rather than objectively ordering our perceptions through the idea that one thing that was perceived is the cause of the next thing that was perceived, the first necessitating the second, we can objectively order our perceptions through the idea that the first thing perceived is the logical condition of the second. In terms of Kant’s debate with Hume, I find that, though my objection undermines some of Hume’s own conclusions, it does allow Hume to avoid Kant’s argument against his causal skepticism

scholarly journals An approach to fuzzy database querying, analysis and realization

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Query Language ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Database Querying ◽  
Fuzzy Query ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Fuzzy Database

Although the Structured Query Language (SQL) is a very powerful tool, it is unable to satisfy needs for data selection based on linguistic expressions and degrees of truth. The goal of the research whose results are presented in the paper is to capture these expressions and make them suitable for queries. For this purpose the fuzzy generalized logical condition for the WHERE part of SQL was developed. In this way, queries based on linguistic expressions are supported and are accessing relational databases in the same way as with the SQL. Fuzzy query is not only a querying tool; it improves the meaning of a query and extracts additional valuable information. Statistical data about districts of the Slovak Republic are used in the case study. Fuzzy approach has some limitations that would appear in a querying process. These limitations and ideas how to solve them are outlined in this paper.

scholarly journals Human Target Selected by The Adverse Intelligence Services for Obtaining Classified Information

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Laurențiu-Leonard Lăzăroiu
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
National Information ◽  
Informational Advantage ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Generally, to be competitive, the intelligence services are required, by their status itself, to constantly assess the capacity and performance and also to anticipate the behaviour of potential adversaries in achieving and maintaining a superior informational advantage. Illegal access of adverse intelligence services to national information strategy is a well defined aim, involving carefully designed scenarios and continuous assessment, performed by specialized structures. In the economy of intelligence business, a logical condition is the selection of human intelligence sources, primarily among those whose professional duties involve access to valuable information, the disclosure of which may be established strategic advantages. The results are often negative immediate or medium-term consequences , unpredictable, both on national security and on a proper functioning of the state.

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