scholarly journals Oxidative Regulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Regulation

scholarly journals The Double-Edged Sword in Pathogenic Trypanosomatids: The Pivotal Role of Mitochondria in Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubem Figueiredo Sadok Menna-Barreto ◽  
Solange Lisboa de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Oxidative Regulation ◽  
Single Mitochondrion

The pathogenic trypanosomatidsTrypanosoma brucei,Trypanosoma cruzi, andLeishmaniaspp. are the causative agents of African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively. These diseases are considered to be neglected tropical illnesses that persist under conditions of poverty and are concentrated in impoverished populations in the developing world. Novel efficient and nontoxic drugs are urgently needed as substitutes for the currently limited chemotherapy. Trypanosomatids display a single mitochondrion with several peculiar features, such as the presence of different energetic and antioxidant enzymes and a specific arrangement of mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast DNA). Due to mitochondrial differences between mammals and trypanosomatids, this organelle is an excellent candidate for drug intervention. Additionally, during trypanosomatids’ life cycle, the shape and functional plasticity of their single mitochondrion undergo profound alterations, reflecting adaptation to different environments. In an uncoupling situation, the organelle produces high amounts of reactive oxygen species. However, these species role in parasite biology is still controversial, involving parasite death, cell signalling, or even proliferation. Novel perspectives on trypanosomatid-targeting chemotherapy could be developed based on better comprehension of mitochondrial oxidative regulation processes.

scholarly journals Oxidative regulation of the mechanical strength of a C–S bond

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (38) ◽  
pp. 10444-10448
Author(s):  
Yangju Lin ◽  
Stephen L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Oxidative Regulation ◽  
Individual Polymer

The mechanical strength of individual polymer chains is believed to underlie a number of performance metrics in bulk materials, including adhesion and fracture toughness.

scholarly journals The β1 Subunit Enhances Oxidative Regulation of Large-Conductance Calcium-activated K+ Channels

2004 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Ciali Santarelli ◽  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
Stefan H. Heinemann ◽  
Toshinori Hoshi
Keyword(s):  
Bkca Channel ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Bkca Channels ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Channel Activation ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Methionine Residues ◽  
Oxidative Regulation

Oxidative stress may alter the functions of many proteins including the Slo1 large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa). Previous results demonstrated that in the virtual absence of Ca2+, the oxidant chloramine-T (Ch-T), without the involvement of cysteine oxidation, increases the open probability and slows the deactivation of BKCa channels formed by human Slo1 (hSlo1) α subunits alone. Because native BKCa channel complexes may include the auxiliary subunit β1, we investigated whether β1 influences the oxidative regulation of hSlo1. Oxidation by Ch-T with β1 present shifted the half-activation voltage much further in the hyperpolarizing direction (−75 mV) as compared with that with α alone (−30 mV). This shift was eliminated in the presence of high [Ca2+]i, but the increase in open probability in the virtual absence of Ca2+ remained significant at physiologically relevant voltages. Furthermore, the slowing of channel deactivation after oxidation was even more dramatic in the presence of β1. Oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues within β1 was not involved in these potentiated effects because expression of mutant β1 subunits lacking cysteine or methionine residues produced results similar to those with wild-type β1. Unlike the results with α alone, oxidation by Ch-T caused a significant acceleration of channel activation only when β1 was present. The β1 M177 mutation disrupted normal channel activation and prevented the Ch-T–induced acceleration of activation. Overall, the functional effects of oxidation of the hSlo1 pore-forming α subunit are greatly amplified by the presence of β1, which leads to the additional increase in channel open probability and the slowing of deactivation. Furthermore, M177 within β1 is a critical structural determinant of channel activation and oxidative sensitivity. Together, the oxidized BKCa channel complex with β1 has a considerable chance of being open within the physiological voltage range even at low [Ca2+]i.

Structural Mechanism of Oxidative Regulation of the Phosphatase Cdc25B via an Intramolecular Disulfide Bond†,‡

Biochemistry ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 5307-5316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Buhrman ◽  
Benjamin Parker ◽  
Jungsan Sohn ◽  
Johannes Rudolph ◽  
Carla Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Structural Mechanism ◽  
Intramolecular Disulfide Bond ◽  
Oxidative Regulation

scholarly journals Oxidative regulation of neutrophil elastase-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor interactions.

1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1939-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Ossanna ◽  
S T Test ◽  
N R Matheson ◽  
S Regiani ◽  
S J Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Oxidative Regulation

Oxidative Regulation of Fatty Acid-Induced Tau Polymerization†

Biochemistry ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (46) ◽  
pp. 14203-14210 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Chris Gamblin ◽  
Michelle E. King ◽  
Jeff Kuret ◽  
Robert W. Berry ◽  
Lester I. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tau Polymerization ◽  
Oxidative Regulation

scholarly journals GSTO2 Isoforms Participate in the Oxidative Regulation of the Plasmalemma in Eutherian Spermatozoa during Capacitation

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Hamilton ◽  
Michal Zigo ◽  
Jiude Mao ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Peter Sutovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Epididymal Maturation ◽  
Oxidative Regulation

In addition to perinuclear theca anchored glutathione-s-transferase omega 2 (GSTO2), whose function is to participate in sperm nuclear decondensation during fertilization (Biol Reprod. 2019, 101:368–376), we herein provide evidence that GSTO2 is acquired on the sperm plasmalemma during epididymal maturation. This novel membrane localization was reinforced by the isolation and identification of biotin-conjugated surface proteins from ejaculated and capacitated boar and mouse spermatozoa, prompting us to hypothesize that GSTO2 has an oxidative/reductive role in regulating sperm function during capacitation. Utilizing an inhibitor specific to the active site of GSTO2 in spermatozoa, inhibition of this enzyme led to a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation late in the capacitation process, followed by an expected decrease in acrosome exocytosis and motility. These changes were accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and membrane lipid peroxidation and culminated in a significant decrease in the percentage of oocytes successfully penetrated by sperm during in vitro fertilization. We conclude that GSTO2 participates in the regulation of sperm function during capacitation, most likely through protection against oxidative stress on the sperm surface.

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