scholarly journals Flat Affect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Affect

The ketamine model for schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Alpert ◽  
Burt Angrist
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Flat Affect

AbstractThis commentary compares clinical aspects of ketamine with the amphetamine model of schizophrenia. Hallucinations and loss of insight, associated with amphetamine, seem more schizophrenia-like. Flat affect encountered with ketamine is closer to the clinical presentation in schizophrenia. We argue that flat affect is not a sign of schizophrenia, but rather, arisk factorfor chronic schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Memory in health and in schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
History Of

Memory is an important capacity needed for survival in a changing environment, and its principles are shared across species. These principles have been studied since the inception of behavioral science, and more recently neuroscience has helped understand brain systems and mechanisms responsible for enabling aspects of memory. Here we outline the history of work on memory and its neural underpinning, and describe the major dimensions of memory processing that have been evaluated by cognitive neuroscience, focusing on episodic memory. We present evidence in healthy populations for sex differences-females outperforming in verbal and face memory, and age effects-slowed memory processes with age. We then describe deficits associated with schizophrenia. Impairment in schizophrenia is more severe in patients with negative symptoms-especially flat affect-who also show deficits in measures of social cognition. This evidence implicates medial temporal and frontal regions in schizophrenia.

A carcinoid tumor mimicking an isolated intracranial meningioma

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Deshaies ◽  
Matthew A. Adamo ◽  
Jiang Qian ◽  
Darryl A. DiRisio
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
Primary Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
The Right

✓ This 79-year-old woman presented with progressively worsening dementia, abulia, flat affect, urinary incontinence, and profuse watery diarrhea. Results of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance studies indicated an extraaxial, dural-based mass compressing the right frontal lobe and consistent with a convexity meningioma. A right frontal craniotomy was performed and the dural-based mass was resected. Histopathological features on immunostaining of the lesion were consistent with a carcinoid tumor (low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma). Further evaluation revealed no primary carcinoid tumor in the foregut from which they typically originate. The authors concluded that this intracranial carcinoid tumor was the primary lesion despite its unusual location and that it should be included in the differential diagnosis of dural-based, extraaxial brain lesions.

Retroductive Reasoning in a Proposed Subtype of Partial Seizures, Evoked by Limbic “Kindling”

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Pontius
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
Explanatory Hypothesis ◽  
Bank Robbery ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generative Mechanism ◽  
Abnormal Brain

This analysis provides a specific example of the generally applicable process of creative delineation of a novel pattern while searching for an explanatory hypothesis for puzzling observations. In so doing, the neglected retroductive form of inference or abduction was used. Central to such a process is the delineation of a specific “generative mechanism” capable of uniting and explaining heretofore unexplained phenomena. Herein the neurophysiologically known mechanism of limbic seizure “kindling” is offered as a unifying explanation for a dozen-bizarre phenomena, proposed as a new subtype of partial seizures, “Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction.” This new syndrome has been proposed over 15 years in 17 male social loners. Upon encounter with an individualized stimulus, which revived in memory prior moderately hurtful experiences, these men suddenly committed motiveless, unplanned acts with flat affect, transient psychosis and autonomic arousal, showing no quantitative impairment of consciousness and so without memory loss for their perplexing homicidal acts (13 cases), firesetting (3 cases), or bank robbery (1 case). Events occurred in three phases reminiscent of seizures: (1) aura-like puzzlement, (2) transient ictus with a limbic release of predatory or defensive aggression (circa 20 min.), and (3) postictal inefficient actions, implicating a transient frontal lobe system dysfunction secondary to the limbic hyperactivation. The 17 men were of diverse backgrounds, but all without history of prior violence or severe emotional trauma. Seven of 17 had some abnormal brain tests at some time during their lives and eight known histories of typically overlooked closed-brain injury. Brain damage may facilitate seizure “kindling” but has been traditionally observed in mammals and in a few humans without such damage.

scholarly journals Flat Affect in Schizophrenia: Relation to Emotion Processing and Neurocognitive Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E Gur ◽  
C. G Kohler ◽  
J D. Ragland ◽  
S. J Siegel ◽  
K. Lesko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures

Understanding emotion processing in schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
M. K. Keutmann ◽  
R. E. Gur ◽  
R. C. Gur
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
The Face ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Vocal Affect ◽  
Affect Processing

SummaryImpaired emotional functioning is a prominent feature of schizophrenia. Although positive symptoms have traditionally attracted more attention and targeted treatment, negative symptoms, including flat affect, are increasingly recognized as the more debilitating and resistant to intervention. We describe studies examining affect processing in schizophrenia, focusing on facial affect with initial findings in vocal affect, or prosody. Deficits in schizophrenia are pronounced, and studies with functional neuroimaging indicate that the neural substrates for these deficits center on the amygdala and its projections. The abnormalities are highly correlated with symptom severity and functional outcome. While there is quite extensive work on affect recognition abnormalities, deficits have also been documented in the ability to express affect on the face and in voice, and perhaps to a lesser extent in the experience of emotion. These abnormalities can be better studied when methods for quantitative analysis of emotional expression are available. Recognizing the existence of such deficits and their neural substrates will lead to improved approaches to pharmacological and behavioral treatment.

scholarly journals Flat Affect in Schizophrenia: A Test of Neuropsychological Models

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Blanchard ◽  
A. M. Kring ◽  
J. M. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Flat Affect

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and personality disorder

2010 ◽  
pp. 5324-5328
Author(s):  
Stephen Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Flat Affect

Schizophrenia—is characterized by phenomena that qualitatively differ from everyday experience. These may be ‘positive symptoms’, commonly auditory hallucinations and/or bizarre delusions, or ‘negative symptoms’, commonly including a loss of emotion (flat affect), apathy, self-neglect, and social withdrawal. Acute positive symptoms generally respond well to any antipsychotic drug, but prognosis is often poor, with most suffering chronic symptoms, numerous relapses, unemployment, and social isolation....

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